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Utilization Of The Intact Male For Red Meat Production: A Review, S. C. Seideman, H. R. Cross, R. R. Oltjen, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Castration has long been a traditional practice in the United States. Research studies indicate that intact males grow more rapidly, utilize feed more efficiently and produce a higher-yielding carcass with less fat and more edible product. The disadvantages of the intact male include aggressive behavior (bull and boar); undesirable odors and flavors (boar and ram); lower quality grade (bull); lower meat tenderness (bull and ram) and undesirable meat color (bull and ram). Research is needed to develop antemortem and(or) postmortem handling procedures that offset the disadvantages of the intact male so that the meat and livestock industry can take advantage …

Effects Of Contrasting Photoperiods And Temperatures On Performance Traits Of Confinement-Reared Ewe Lambs, B. D. Schanbacher, G. L. Hahn, J. A. Nienaber

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The effects of contrasting photoperiods (16L:8D vs 8L: 16D) and ambient temperatures (5 C vs 18 C vs 31 C) on performance traits of ewe lambs have been evaluated. Seventy-two lambs were paired and allotted to one of six treatment groups in a 2 • 3 factorial experiment. The lambs were fed a pelleted diet ad libitum. throughout the 14-wk study (i.e., as Iambs progressed from 12 to 26 wk of age). "Analysis of performance and carcass data showed that both photoperiod and temperature affected growth rate (P.05) by treatment. Whereas serum prolactin concentrations were elevated in lambs exposed to …

Nutritive Evaluation Of Warm-Season Grasses In Connecticut, R.W. Taylor, D.W. Allinson

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Proceedings Of The 8th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 11-12, 1981, Memphis, Tennessee): Soybeans, The Crop Of The Future

Southern Soybean Disease Workers: Conference Proceedings

General Session

Presidential Address - Glen Whitney

The Influence of Plant Diseases on American Agriculture - Wiley Garrett

Integrated Pest Management: A National Prospective - B. Blair

Development in Brazil, the Future World Supplier of Food: Industry Overview - Ray Smith

Soybean Disease Loss Estimate - R. V. Sturgeon

Soybeans, Seed, Seedling, and Soil-Borne Disease, James Kantzes presiding

Standardized Seed Treatment Research Report - M. C. McDaniel

Soybean Seedling Disease Control and Plant Populations - Norman Horn

Metalaxyl: A New Seed Dressing and Soil Treatment Fungicide - H. V. Morton and D. Houseworth

Soybean Seed Treatment: U. S. Status …

Insecticides And Pheromones Used In The Midwest. A Short Review, Evelyn Osbourne, Paul Schwartz

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The Midwest produces most of the food and feed grains and oilseeds grown in the US. as well as a substantial proportion of a variety of other crops, but corn accounts for at least 75% of insecticide use in the region. The total amount of insecticides used on crops could be greatly reduced if economic losses from insects could be predicted accurately. We will examine the current status of chemical controls for insects of economic importance to this region, indicating some areas where new developments are needed or are likely to occur.

Determination Of Selenium In Biological Materials By Stable Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Donald C. Reamer, Claude Veillon

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Selenium can be determined quantitatively in biological samples after digestion using nitric acid, orthophosphoric acid, and hydrogen peroxide and the formation of 5-nitropiazselenol. Samples are spiked with enriched ⁸²Se and lsotoplc ratio of ⁸⁰Se to ⁸²Se is measured by combined gas chromatographymass spectrometry using dual ion monitoring. Precise determination at the parts-per-billion level is possible. The accuracy of the method Is verlfied by using standard reference materials.

Housing And Management To Reduce Climactic Impacts On Livestock, G. Leroy Hahn

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Weather is a constraint on efficient livestock production systems. Evaluation of the degree of constraint is a difficult, but necessary task before selection of appropriate modifications in management or environments can be made. The basis for rational selection from available alternatives for the limitation of climatic stress in livestock has continued to improve, particularly with the development of rudimentary functional relationships between animal performance and weather parameters. Such relationships, when combined with probabilistic knowledge of the weather parameters, permit prediction of the reduction in animal performance under natural conditions, or of the benefits to be derived from proposed housing or …

Proceedings Of The 7th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (April 2-3, 1980, Fort Walton Beach, Florida)

Southern Soybean Disease Workers: Conference Proceedings

Contents

Schedule, Committees, Officers

History of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers, Glen Whitney

Presidential Address, H. Ray Smith

Global Agriculture Year 2000: A Strategic Analysis, Stuart Stearns

Attorneys Got Us Into This Mess, Attorneys Must Get Us Out, John Donley

Soybeans as a Protein Source, Kenneth Lepley

Soybeans in Human Nutrition, Ruth Patrick

Review of Plant Parasitic Nematode Problems on Soybeans, John Fulkerson

Efficacy of Nematicides for Nematode Control, Charles Baldwin

Breeding for Nematode Resistance, C. E. Caviness and R. D. Riggs

Effects of Fertility on Efficacy of Nematicides for Control of the Soybean Cyst Nematode, Al Chambers

Mississippi's Approach …

Growth And Performance Of Growing-Finishing Lambs Exposed To Long Or Short Photoperiods, B. D. Schanbacher, J. D. Crouse

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The effects of photoperiod (8 hr light: 16 hr dark [8L:16D] or 16L:8D) on performance of growing-finishing lambs were evaluated in an experiment with 24 rams and 24 wethers. All lambs were caged in groups of two in a controlled environment and fed a pelleted diet ad libitum for the duration of the study (10 to 22 weeks of age). Performance and carcass data showed that both photoperiod and sex of lamb affected growth rate (P<.01) and feed efficiency (P<.05) but that only sex of lamb affected carcass quality (P<.05) and yield (P<.10). A sex by photoperiod interaction was not observed for any of the traits measured. Average daily gain (grams/per day) and feed efficiency (feed/gain) for lambs in the four treatment groups tested were: rams (16L:8D), 410 and 4.3; rams (8L:16D), 340 and 4.5; wethers (16L:8D), 345 and 4.6, and wethers (8L:16D), 300 and 4.8, respectively. Carcass weight, like slaughter weight, was affected by photoperiod (P<.01) and sex of lamb (P<.05); both rams and wethers exposed to long photoperiods had the heaviest carcasses. Ram carcasses were leaner, had better yield grades and were heavier than wether carcasses, yet both ram and wether carcasses graded Choice. Testosterone concentrations in serum were undetectable (<.2 ng/ml) at 22 weeks of age in wethers but were elevated (P<.O1) in ram lambs exposed to short (3.4 ± 1.4 ng/ml) or long (.8 ± .2 ng/ml) photoperiods. Prolactin concentrations, on the other hand, were not influenced by sex of lamb but were influenced (P<.01) by photoperiod; i.e., prolactin concentrations were high in rams (190 ± 34 ng/ml) and wethers (178 ± 28 ng/ml) exposed to long photoperiods and low in rams (43 ± 9 ng/ml) and wethers (27 ± 11 ng/ml) exposed to short photoperiods. These results suggest that testosterone and prolactin may independently affect growth and performance of growing-finishing lambs.

Growth Analysis Of Tall Fescue Genotypes Differing In Yield And Leaf Photosynthesis, Wallace Wilhelm, C. J. Nelson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Relationships between leaf photosynthesis and yield have not been well defined in forage grasses. Therefore, leaf growth, dry matter distribution, carbohydrate concentration, and growth analysis of four genotypes of tall fescue (Festuca mundinacea Schreb.) were examined. Genotypes, selected in the field for high and low CO₂ exchange rate (CER) in combination with high and low yield, were compared in an attempt to study the relationship between photosynthesis and yield.

In the vegetative growth stage, high yielding genotypes produced greater amounts of all plant parts (leaves, stem bases, and roots) than did low yielding genotypes; however, low yielding genotypes …

Leaf Growth, Leaf Aging, And Photosynthetic Rate Of Tall Fescue Genotypes, Wallace Wilhelm, C. J. Nelson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Leaf growth and leaf aging both influence the total amount of CO, fixed by a particular leaf in the canopy during its photosynthetically productive life. Four genotypes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were selected for all combinations of high and low COB exchange rates (CER) and yield. The purpose of this study was to determine CER during aging and leaf growth rates of tall fescue genotypes in growth chambers and in the field on a Mexico silt loam (Udollic Ochraqualfs; fine, montmarillonitic, mesic). Leaf growth of vegetative tillers in controlled environments was continuous throughout the day for all …

Irradiance Response Of Tall Fescue Genotypes With Contrasting Levels Of Photosynthesis And Yield, Wallace Wilhelm, C. J. Nelson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine if genotype by irradiance interactions or genetic variation in diurnal trends of CO, exchange rate (CER) influenced the CER-yield relationship in tall fescue (Festuca mundinucea Schreb.). Genotypes were selected in the field for high CER-high yield, high CER-low yield, low CER-high yield, and low CER-low yield. Responses of CER to photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of these genotypes were determined using both growth chamber- and field-grown material. The shapes of the PPFD response curves were similar for all genotypes, and saturation occurred at approximately 1,200 μE m^-2 sec^-1 (400 …

Research For Connecticut By The Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Bulletin 3990 - The Narrow-Leafed Lupin In Western Australia, J. S. Gladstones

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

Lupins are new as a commercial crop, but may be very old as a food plant. Types of the Mediterranean white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) have been part-developed and used as a subsistence crop for 3 000 years or more. Likewise the pearl lupin (L. mutabilis Sweet) has been grown for many centuries in the Andean Highlands of South America. In both cases the seeds are boiled and steeped in water for several days to rid them of their bitter, somewhat toxic alkaloids. They are then used directly as a valued protein source in human diets.

Morphological And Physiological Factors Related To Yield Of Alfalfa, A. L. Foutz, Wallace Wilhelm, A. K. Dobrenz

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Several morphological and physiological factors were measured on clones of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ‘Mesa- Sirsa’) which displayed a wide range in SLW, leaflet weight and leaflet area. Apparent photosynthesis, dark respiration and post-illumination burst expressed as mg C0₂ dm^-2hr^-1 were not related to yield. However, when the rate of each factor was expressed on a whole plant basis (rate x leaf area per plant) , significant relationships were found with yield. Correlation coefficients between total apparent photosynthesis, total dark respiration, total post-illumination C0₂ burst and yield were r = .71*, r = .77* …

Yield And Chemical Composition Of Barley Silage, John Henry James

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The potential of Barsoy barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as a silage crop was studied at Western Kentucky University in 1970-1971. The field study was conducted at two locations. Barley was seeded at the rate of 107.5 kg/ha in a Pembroke silt loam soil at both locations in September, 1970. At the time of planting the soil was fertilized with 7.5, 32.4 and 33.1 kg/ha of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively. Plants at location 2 received an additional 23.7 kg/ha of nitrogen in February, 1971.

Whole barley plants were harvested at weekly intervals from March 11 through June 3 at …

Bulletin No 3861 - Kimberley Research Station - Progress Report 1972, J. R. Mcalpine, R. H. Gunn, P. Jakobsen, R. Wetselaar, J. J. Basinski, N. J. Thomson, A. G. L. Wilson, D. H. Mackenzie, A. J. Millington, D. F. Beech, P. C. Owen, B. G. Williams, C. G. Blunt, A. Mcr Holm

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

The systematic investigations of the potential of the Ord area for irrigated farming began during the Second World War when the possibilities of damming the river were first examined, initial soil survey was carried out, and agricultural experiments started. The Kimberley Research Station was established on its present site in 1945. A year later the State and Commonwealth Governments agreed to finance and operate the Station jointly, with CSIRO and the Western Australian Department of Agriculture being responsible for research.

The construction of the main dam designed to store 5,675 million m" ( 4.6 million acre feet) was completed in …

Predicted Versus Measured Production Differences Using Summer Air Conditioning For Lactating Dairy Cows, Leroy Hahn

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Predicted summer production losses were made for Holstein cows in three widely separated locations in the United States where field investigations of air conditioning for dairy barns have been completed. These losses, based on a functional relationship developed from Missouri Climatic Laboratory data and local climatological data, were compared to the measured losses at each location. Correlation of losses for Holstein cows varied from excellent in northern Ohio to good in southern Louisiana and central Missouri. Variations due to hotter- or cooler-than-normal summer seasons and level of production were reasonable at all locations.

A Preliminary Study On Ensiling Aspen Bark, Charles Helleloid, John Klow, Gary Pullar, John Veranth

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

A preliminary study was conducted on the ensiling of aspen bark in laboratory silos for the production of animal food. Several types of silo, both with and without an enzyme preparation, were tested. Results of physical and chemical tests on the contents indicate that definite changes occur when bark is ensiled, and that these changes differ with ensiling conditions. Several of these changes suggest possibilities for future research.

Response Of Sheep And Swine To Treatments For Control Of Ovulation, P. J. Dziuk

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Control of the estrous cycle is essential to precise research in gamete and zygote physiology and could be useful in animal husbandry. The conception rate in sheep during the breeding season following treatments to control ovulation has varied from about normal (Dauzier, 4; Robinson, 20; Evans et al., 9; Lamond and Bindon, 17; Brunner et al., 3; Hinds et al., 15), to distressingly low levels in other cases (Braden et al., 2; Davies, 5; Lamond, 16). Treatments during the anestrous season have given a variable response but usually only 30 to 50 percent of ewes lamb (Gordon, 13; 14).

The Role Of Light In The Regulation Of Cyclical Estrous Activity In Sheep, M. T. Clegg, H. H. Cole, W. F. Ganong

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The widespread existence of biological clocks among animals is documented by a considerable body of evidence. Recently Farner (13) has reviewed this subject covering information on a large variety of animals. In this paper an attempt will be made to restrict most of the discussion to sheep. Experimental data from other species, however, will be cited when it can be usefully related to an understanding of the mechanisms controlling seasonal breeding activity in this species. As far as present knowledge is concerned, the factors regulating or at least monitoring annual physiologic cycles appear to depend greatly upon the influence of …

Evaluation Of Methods For Controlling The Estrous Cycle, William Hansel

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Truly effective estrous cycle synchronization techniques are of great potential value to commercial producers of beef and dairy cattle, sheep, and swine. Many commercial beef cattlemen recognize the merits of using outstanding sires through artificial insemination (AI) to produce greater numbers of faster gaining cattle having the most desirable carcass characteristics. The relatively high heritability of feedlot gains makes this idea particularly attractive. Nevertheless, progress in attaining this goal has been rather slow, mainly because of the practical problems involved in breeding range cattle artificially and the low conception rates frequently obtained. Methods for cycle regulation compatible with the most …

Roles Of Hypothalamus And Hypophysis In The Control Of The Estrous Cycle, A. V. Nalbandov

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The interrelation between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland has been firmly established. It is not the intention of this report to review the literature on this extensive subject. Such reviews are available in "Advances in Neuroendocrinology" (Nalbandov, 2), and since the time of this publication many papers on this subject have appeared in current journals. For the purposes of the present discussion a few fundamental facts will be restated, but the major part of my presentation will deal with my own views of the research areas which should be of special interest to animal scientists concerned with phenomena …

Hormonal Control Of Reproductive Activity In The Ewe, J. F. Wagner

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

There are many advantages which result from synchronizing the estrous period in a ewe flock. In situations where the ewes are not hand bred to the ram, the synchronization of estrus makes the application of artificial insemination (AI) techniques more efficient. Detection of estrus usually is more reliable in a synchronized flock. Only 3 to 4 days are needed to detect estrus in 90 percent of a synchronized flock, whereas 16 to 18 days are normally required. This allows the AI technician to plan the number of breedings and have semen available. When hormones are given in the feed, an …

Phytotoxic Substances From Soil Microorganisms And Crop Residues, T.M. Mccalla, F.A. Haskins

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The role of organic matter in the growth of plants has been a subject of much investigation and controversy since the sixteenth century. During the early era, decomposition of plant residues and green and animal manures provided a primary source of minerals for plant growth. In addition, beneficial effects on soil structure and water-holding capacity were attribute to the presence of organic matter. With the development of agricultural chemistry culminating in the work of Liebig in the nineteenth century, it was discovered that plants could make satisfactory growth in the absence of added organic matter if suitable kinds and amounts …

Dicalcium Silicate (Brown Mud) As An Agricultural Liming Material, Lyell Thompson, V. H. Ledbetter

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Bulletin No. 385 - Comparitive Nutritive Value And Palatability Of Some Introduced And Native Forage Plants For Spring And Summer Grazing, C. Wayne Cook, L. A. Stoddart, Lorin E. Harris

UAES Bulletins

From 1952 to 1954 studies were conducted on foothill ranges of central Utah to determine the forage production, palatability, and nutritive value of some of the more important native and introduced species used for spring and summer grazing.

Plants studied were four introduced wheatgrasses (crested, tall, pubescent, and intermediate) , four native grasses (western wheatgrass, beardless wheatgrass, squirreltail grass, and Indian ricegrass), and two introduced annual forbs (Russian-thistle, and smother weed).

Field digestibility trials were conducted to determine the nutrient content by the lignin-ratio technique. In addition, both sheep and cattle preferences were studied on areas where both introduced and …

Bulletin No. 386 - Production Of Lettuce Seed As Affected By Soil Moisture And Fertility, Leslie R. Hawthorn, Leonard H. Polland

UAES Bulletins

Much of the lettuce seed produced in the United States is grown under irrigation in various western states. Few studies have been made to determine the extent to which yields of seed are influenced by soil moisture and other cultural conditions. Crops have been irrigated mostly on the basis of local practices and the general experience of the grower. Recent studies in Utah (Hawthorn 1951) showed rather conclusively that carrot and onion seed crops grown side by side under the same climatic conditions differ widely in their response to soil moisture. High seed yields were obtained from carrots grown under …

Bulletin No. 382 - Grass-Legume Mixtures For Irrigated Pastures For Dairy Cows, George Q. Bateman, Wesley Keller

UAES Bulletins

Pastures have been important in the agricultural economy of the Intermountain Region. But as long as nearby valley bottom or other land not well suited for cultivation was available, the pressure for better irrigated pastures remained secondary to that for improved cash crops.
Only in recent years have dairymen generally realized that a productive herd, coupled with proper management, could make a good pasture a highly profitable crop. Bateman and Packer pointed out in 1945 this concept of pastures. Bateman et al. using newer mixtures strikingly verified the concept in 1949 and 1954. The growing awareness of the value …

Bulletin No. 383 - Cooperative Nutritional Status Studies In The Western Region: I. Nutrient Intake, Ethelwyn B. Wilcox, Helen L. Gillum, Margaret M. Hard

UAES Bulletins

In 1947, a concerted study of the nutritional status of selected population groups was initiated in the western region of the United States. Previous dietary surveys had indicated that substantial portions of the country's population were consuming lower than recommended levels of essential nutrients. Deficiency diseases that may have nutritional background, such as dental caries, anemia, and rickets, existed. Investigators reported subclinical signs of malnutrition in several areas. Few studies had been made in the West, although reports of high incidence of dental caries and suspected undernutrition had come from several western states. The regional committee thought it evident that …