Digital Commons Network^™

Research And Extension Needs For Integrated Pest Management For Arthropods Of Veterinary Importance, Christopher J. Geden, Jerome Hogsette

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

In April, 1994, a workshop was held in Lincoln, Nebraska, to update the IPM document that resulted from a similar workshop in Manhattan, Kansas, in 1979 (Anonymous 1979). The workshop was initiated by Dr. Ralph A. Bram, USDA National Program Leader, and organized by Drs. Gustav D. Thomas, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, and John B. Campbell, University of Nebraska, North Platte. Participants were charged with assessing the current status of IPM programs for pests of veterinary importance, identifying needs for program improvements, and recommending future research and extension priorities. Participants, invited from federal and state government research and extension organizations, and the …

Distribution And Sampling Of Chilo Partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) In Maize And Sorghum On The Kenya Coast, W. A. Overholt, K. Ogedah, P. M. Lammers

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The seasonal occurrence and spatial distribution of the crambine stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) were investigated in maize, Zea mays, and sorghum, Sorghum bicolor, fields at the Kenya coast. During the vegetative growth stage, small-sized larvae were typically found behind leaf sheaths and in whorls in maize and sorghum. In reproductive and senescent maize, small-sized larvae were also found feeding in ears. Later immature life stages were located predominantly in stems in sorghum, and in the stems and ears in maize. Density and variance estimates of small, medium-, and large-sized larvae and pupae in maize and sorghum were fitted to …

Bulletin 4270 - Meat Quality In Beef Cattle, Brian Mcintyre

Bulletins 4000 -

Meat quality is the sole concern of the consumer once the product reaches the supermarket shelf. Breeding, feeding or any other factors that may have been important to the beef producer have no influence over the buyer's choice. Meat quality can be divided into two components — appearance and eating quality.

Colony Isolation And Secondary Culture Of Fetal Porcine Hepatocytes On Sto Feeder Cells, Neil C. Talbot, Vernon G. Pursel, Caird E. Rexroad Jr., Thomas J. Caperna, Anne M. Powell, Roger T. Stone

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The secondary culture of non-transformed parenchymal hepatocytes has not been possible. STO feeder cell-dependent secondary cultures of fetal pig hepatocytes were established by colony isolation from primary cultures of 26-d fetal livers. The liver cells had the typical polygonal morphology of parenchymal hepatocytes. They also spontaneously differentiated to form small biliary canaliculi between individual cells or progressed further to large multicellular duct-like structures or cells undergoing gross lipid accumulation and secretion. The secondary hepatocyte cultures expressed alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), albumin, and β-fibrinogen mRNA, and conditioned medium from the cells contained elevated levels of transferrin and albumin. STO feeder cell co-culture may …

Purification Of The Major Soybean Leaf Acid Phosphatase That 1s Increased By Seed-Pod Removal, Paul E. Staswick, Chuck Papa, Jing-Feng Huang, Yoon Rhee

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Fruit removal for 5 weeks after flowering increased acid phosphatase activity 10-fold in soybean (Glycine max 1. Merr. vai Hobbit) leaves compared with normal seed-pod-bearing plants. The major acid phosphatase activity in leaves was purified over 2700-fold, yielding a single polypeptide of 51 kD with a specific activity of 1353 units/mg protein using p-nitrophenylphosphate as the substrate. lsoelectric focusing demonstrated that the purified protein co-migrated with a majority of the activity that increased in leaves following seed-pod removal. lmmunoblot analysis demonstrated that at least part of the increased activity was dueto an increased abundance of the phosphatase protein. In situ …

A Continuous Culture Of Pluripotent Fetal Hepatocytes Derived From The 8-Day Epiblast Of The Pig, Neil C. Talbot, Caird E. Rexroad Jr., Anne M. Powell, Vernon G. Pursel, Thomas J. Caperna, Sherry L. Ogg, Neil D. Nel

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Continuous cultures of pluripotent prenchymal hepatocytes were derived from the epiblasts of 8-day-old pig blastocytes. The cells were polygonal and had phase-contrast dark, granular cytoplasm with prominent nuclei and nucleoli. These feeder-dependent cell cultures differentiated into large, multicellular, secretory, duct-like structures or formed small canaliculi between individual cells. Alternatively, the cells accumulated droplets that stained intensely with Oil Red O, a lipid-specific stain. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), albumin, and β-fibrinogen mRNAs were expressed as the cells differentiated in culture. Serum-free medium that was conditioned by the cells contained transferrin, AFP, and albumin. The growth and viability of the cells were inhibited by …

Bulletin 4265 - Termites, Peter Davis

Bulletins 4000 -

Termites are small, soft-bodied, social insects that feed on wood, grass, dead leaves, bark, humus, fungi or the dung of herbivore. They are commonly known as white ants, but are not related to true ants.

There are over 2300 species of termite of which about350 occur in Australia, and of these about 12 damage sound timber.

Proceedings Of The Workshop On Adaptation Of Plants To Soil Stresses, J.W. Maranville, V.C. Baligar, R.R. Duncan, J. M. Yohe

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Sustainable production of food and forage with a focus on plant adaptation to stress environments will be a continued priority for developing countries in the future. Since many areas of the world which support substantial human populations are drought prone, such as the subsaharan African zone and others, the primary focus has been on drought. However, one of the greatest restraints to sustainability of agriculture worldwide is the lack of sufficient soil nutrients for crop growth, or other soil constraints such as acidity or salinity which hinder crop production substantially.

Optimizing soil fertility or amending acid and saline soils to …

Comparison Of The Phosphate Requirements Of Burr Medic And Yellow Serradella With That Of Wheat In The Low Rainfall Wheatbelt Of Western Australia, Blakely Paynter, Mike D. Bolland

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

The responses of burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) and yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) to topdressed phosphate were compared with the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to drilled phosphate on a range of soils in the low rainfall wheatbelt of Western Australia. Species were compared firstly on the amount of applied phosphorus (P) required for 90% maximum yield at 3 harvests, and secondly on the ratio of their curvature coefficients from the Mitscherlich relationship between absolute yield and P applied. On 7 marginally acidic, medium-textured soils, the comparative requirements of burr medic (cvv. Serena or Santiago) and wheat (cv. Gutha) for applied …

Bulletin 4247 - Introduction To Commercial Mushroom Growing, Margaret Graham

Bulletins 4000 -

Mushroom cultivation began in Australia in the 1930s in the then incomplete and unused Circular Quay railway tunnel in Sydney. In the 1950s most mushrooms were grown in heaped or 'ridge-beds' of compost in disused railway tunnels.

In the last 15 to 20 years there has been considerable technical change in the method and degree of sophistication of mushroom cultivation techniques. Most growers have invested large sums of capital in specially designed and insulated buildings that control temperature, humidity and ventilation and where pest and disease prevention and control is less difficult.

The bag method also helps to alleviate pest …

Bulletin 4256 - Pecan Nut Cultivation, Aldo Labrosciano

Bulletins 4000 -

Pecans Carya illinoensis, an indigenous species to Northern America, are successfully grown between the latitudes of 25° and 35°. There is considerable variation in size and flavour of the 1000 or more varieties of the nuts.

Large scale production is concentrated in north America, Israel and South Africa. Plantings in Australia are in Victoria and New South Wales, and are developing slowly in Western Australia.

Pecans are well suited to Western Australian conditions where the soil is well drained. Though the trees are deciduous, they have no chill requirement and will flourish if water is not limiting.

Comparison Of The Phosphate Requirements Of Burr Medic And Yellow Serradella With Subterranean Clover In The Low Rainfall Wheatbelt Of Western Australia, Blakely Paynter

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) and yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) were compared with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) in their response to freshly topdressed phosphate in the low rainfall wheatbelt of Western Australia. Species were compared on the amount of applied phosphorus (P) required for 90% maximum yield and the ratio of their curvature coefficients from the Mitscherlich relationship between P applied and absolute yield. On marginally acidic, medium-textured soils, burr medic had a higher external shoot requirement for applied P than subterranean clover. Relative differences between the species were affected by season, initial concentration of bicarbonate-extractable P in the soil (0-10 …

Worm Control In Sheep In Western Australia. Crack Down On Worms: An Information Guide For Advisers, Consultants, Livestock Personnel And Farmers, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock published reports

In Western Australia’s winter rainfall areas, the control of gastro-intestinal sheep worms is based on the strategic timing of drenches.

Sheep are drenched at a time that reduces the contamination of pastures with worm eggs and larvae in late summer and autumn. The timing of the drenches is particularly important for the control ofbrown stomach worms (Ostertagia species) and black scour worms (Trichostrongylus species)

Drenches given in late spring, when pasture is starting to dry off, and again in summer, successfully reduce pasture contamination in mid summer and autumn. A faecal egg count will determine the need and timing of …

Proceedings Of The Workshop Social Science Research And The Crsps, C. Milton Coughenour, John M. Yohe, Anne E. Ferguson, Jere L. Gilles, Jo Purcell

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Contents

Executive Summary: A New Agenda for CRSP Social Science Research - C. Milton Coughenour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Session 1

Developing a Strategic Research Agenda David G. Cummins, Chair

Framing a Strategic Research Agenda.-John Yohe ................ 3

Social Sciences and Collaborative Research: Toward an Agenda for the Social Sciences in Agriculture -Jere Lee Gilles ............... 7

Session 2

Technology Development and Sustaining Household Food Security Kathleen DeWalt, Chair

Technology Development and Household Food Security - …

Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 1991, Wayne E. Sabbe

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Contained within this publication are progress reports on the specific aspects of the soil fertility program at the University of Arkansas in 1991. In most instances, the reports are not final reports, but they may contain data from several years. Further details on each report can be obtained from the respective project leaders.

Oviposition, Larval Arrest And Establishment Of Chilo Partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) On Maize Genotypes During Anthesis, Harish Kumar

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The oviposition, larval arrest and establishment by the stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) were measured on different maize genotypes during anthesis. The maize genotypes tested were: Inbred A (Susceptible), Mp 704, MBR-8637, MBR-8650, MBR-8668, Poza Rica 7832, ER-29 SVR, Katumani Composite B, MMV 400, Bulk CG 4141, and ICZ2-CM. The moths oviposited on the middle leaves of the plant and the neonate larvae moved to leaf sheaths and ear husks to feed (arrest). As they grew older, the larvae invaded the stem, ear shanks and tassel to complete feeding (establishment) and to pupate. The response of the stem borer differed …

New Diets For Production Of House Flies And Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) In The Laboratory, Jerome Hogsette

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A diet for rearing the house fly, Musca domestica (L.), was developed from feed constituents available on a year-round basis in Gainesville, FL. The diet, called the Gainesville House Fly Diet, performed as well or better than the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers' Association fly larval medium (CSMA) and can be mixed, bagged, and delivered by a local feed mill within 3 d. By adding pelleted peanut hulls 1:1 by volume, the house fly diet becomes suitable for rearing the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). Use of these diets and the economics involved are discussed further.

A Review Of Plant Introductions To The Kimberley 1955 To 1987, R Mccartney

Grain and other field crops published reports

This report summarizes the work done by the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, in the west and north Kimberley in introducing plant species during 1955-1987.

For the purposes of this repor1the following areas are defined thus:

• West Kimberley- lies between latitude 17°5 and 19°5 and longitude 121°E and 127°E, with an extension to the north of 1° between 121°E and I 24°20'E. The area is 118,000 km".

• North Kimberley - lies north of latitude 17°5 and between longitude 124°20'E and 127°30'E. The area is 85,000 km'.

• East Kimberley-lies north of latitude 19°5 and between longitude 127°30'E and …

Bulletin No 4225 - Dairying In Western Australia, Dean Maughan

Bulletins 4000 -

Dairying in Western Australia is a small though very efficient industry. In 1989/90, 480 dairy farmers produced 266 million litres of milk for an estimated return of $84 million. The retail value of milk and dairy products was estimated to be $250 million making dairying a very significant industry in the south-west of Western Australia.

Miscellaneous Publication 28/91 - Midas (Model Of An Integrated Dryland Agricultural System), David J. Pannell, Andrew Bathgate

Farm Systems and Economics published reports

MIDAS is a bioeconomic model of mixed crop/livestock farms in Western Australia. It selects farm management strategies which maximise profit subject to resource, technical and environmental constraints using the linear programming technique. This document provides a thorough documentation of the version of MIDAS developed for the "eastern wheatbelt" region. If you are learning to use MIDAS with the MARG menu driven system, you need to read the MARG manual as well as this documentation.

From early in the life of MIDAS, we gave a high priority to making the data and assumptions readily accessible in documentation and in microcomputer spreadsheet …

Proceedings International Sorghum And Millet Crsp Conference, Timothy Schilling, Gary Odvody, Gebisa Ejeta, Larry Claflin, Gary Peterson, Lloyd Rooney, Jerry Eastin, Joan Frederick

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

On behalf of the INTSORMIL Board of Directors, Principal Investigators and the Management Entity Office, it gives me great pleasure this moming to welcome you to this opening session of the 1991 INTSORMIL International SorghumIMlllet CRSP Conference.

INTSORMIL initiated the Biennial CRSP conference series in 1983. Attendance has grown with each meeting. Today we have 199 persons registered from 12 States in the U.S. and 27 different countries. There are representatives from three International Agricultural Research Centers (lCRISAT, IFPRI, and ICRISAT), four private seed companies and the U.S. National Grain Sorghum Producers Association (NGSPA).

I look around this audience and …

Bulletin No 4189 - Training And Care Of The Sheep-Dog, John Charlick, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Bulletins 4000 -

A well trained sheep-dog is a considerable asset to a farmer — in a recent Queensland Department of Primary Industries study, participating graziers estimated the value of a good working dog to be up to $20,000 a year.

Despite their value, dogs can be maintained cheaply. The Queensland study quoted $130 a year as the most any grazier spent on an individual dog — for dry food, vaccine and treatments for internal and external parasites.

This Bulletin aims to show how to train a sheep-dog from a raw pup to a highly useful and well trained, mature dog. The methods …

Simulation Of Shoot Vegetative Development And Growth Of Unstressed Winter Wheat, Gregory S. Mcmaster, Betty Klepper, R. B. Rickman, Wallace Wilhelm, W. O. Willis

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Mechanistic crop simulation models can aid in directing research and improving farm management. Recent research on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) canopy development was consolidated into a model of aboveground vegetative development and growth called SHOOTGRO 1.0. The model assumes that water, nutrients, and light do not limit development and growth. Initial conditions of cultivar type (dwarf, semidwarf, mid-tall, and tall), seeding rate, planting depth and date, and latitude are inputs. Daily temperature, expressed as growing degree-days, drives SHOOTGRO 1.0. Processes are simulated with a daily time step. Computer code is standard Fortran 77.

The morphological nomenclature used allows …

Effects Of Breed Group By Location Interaction On Crossbred Cattle In Nebraska And Florida, T. A. Olson, K. Euclides Filho, L. V. Cundiff, M. Koger, W. T. Butts Jr., K. E. Gregory

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Data on 2,744 calves produced in Clay Center, Nebraska, and Brooksville, Florida, were used to evaluate the importance of genotype × location interactions on the reproductive and maternal performance of eight breed groups of F1 crossbred cows. A total of 648 F1 crossbred cows included Bos taurus × Bos taurus (Bt × Bt) crosses: Hereford × Angus reciprocal crossbreds (HA and AH), Pinzgauer × Angus (PA), Pinzgauer × Hereford (PH); and Bos indicus× Bos taurus (Bi × Bt) crosses: Brahman × Angus (BA), Brahman × Hereford (BH), Sahiwal × Angus (SA) and Sahiwal × Hereford (SH). The first calf …

Farm Management Memo - Advice To Help Farming Through The Rural Downturn, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Farm Systems and Economics published reports

Historically, commodity prices cycle between a "boom and a bust" every few years. Farmers are often able to adjust their operations to reduce the impact of a downturn in commodity prices by:

• Increasing efficiency through reducing or maintaining input costs while maintaining or increasing production levels.

• Maximising returns through seeking price premiums on commodities (protein, noodle quality, finer wool, increased clean wool yield).

• Reducing overhead costs

• Seeking cheaper finance or refinancing costly loans

• Careful planning and management with a high degree of attention to detail.

• Seeking advice

Inheritance Of Acid-Soil Tolerance In Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor) Grown On An Ultisol, C. I. Flores, L. M. Gourley, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, R. B. Clark

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Inheritance of acid-soil tolerance (generally considered AI-toxicity tolerance) i.n sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is not clear. Forty F₁ sorghum hybrids and their 14 parents were grown two seasons in the field at relatively high (67 and 71%) and low (43 and 42%) Al saturations on an acid Ultisol in Colombia, South America to evaluate the effects of acid soil on agronomic component traits and to better understand inheritance of acid-soil tolerance of sorghum. For plants grown at the high Al saturation levels, hybrids from acid-soil tolerant [AS-T] x acid soil-sensitive [AS-S] crosses were as tolerant as hybrids from …

Nitrogen And Methyl Jasmonate Induction Of Soybean Vegetative Storage Protein Genes, Paul E. Staswick, Jing-Feng Huang, Yoon Rhee

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Vegetative storage protein (VSP) and VSP mRNA levels in soybean (Glycine max) leaves correlated with the amount of NH₄NO₃ provided to nonnodulated plants. The mRNA level declined as leaves matured, but high levels of N delayed the decline. This is consistent with the proposed role for VSP in the temporary storage of N. Wounding, petiole girdling, and treatment with methyijasmonate (MeJA) increased VSP mRNA in leaves 24 hours after treatment. The magnitude of the response depended on leaf age and N availability. N deficiency essentially eliminated the response to wounding and petiole girdling. MeJA was …

Comparative Phosphate Requirements Of Yellow Serradella (Ornithopus Compressus) Burr Medic (Medicago Polymorpha Var. Brevispina) And Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneum), Blakely Paynter

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

The phosphate (P) requirements of burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) on marginally acidic, medium-textured soils and yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) on acidic, light-textured soils in the low rainfall (< 400 mm) wheatbelt of Western Australia are not known. The hypothesis that yellow serradella, subterranean clover (Trifolium suhrerraneum) and burr medic have the same external requirement for applied P was tested in a glasshouse trial on 2 P-deficient soils. Species were compared on an equal total seed weight and similar maturity length basis. It was found that yellow serradella required less soil applied P to achieve 90% maximum shoot production or total plant (shoots + roots) growth and had a greater curvature co-efficient from fitted Mitscherlich functions than either subterranean clover or burr medic. Burr medic was the most responsive to applied P and had the largest external requirement for applied P. These differences in external P requirements were related to differences in ability of the 3 legumes to absorb P and to transport it to their shoots and were not due to differences in internal efficiency of the shoots. Yellow serradella was able to take up more P (total plant P content) per g roots than subterranean clover, and subterranean clover more than burr medic. The same relationship applied to the translocation of absorbed P from roots to shoots.

Bulletin No 4191 - Inputs For Beefin, D. J. Barker, P J. May, R. G. Grieve

Bulletins 4000 -

BEEFIN is a computer model (Barker et at. 1986) that calculates profit maximizing diets for finishing cattle to a specified carcass weight and fat thickness. It predicts cattle growth, feed conversion ratio, final liveweight, number of days on feed and amount of available feedstuffs to finish the cattle to specification.

BEEFIN calculates an enterprise profit and loss budget and performs a sensitivity analysis on cattle and feed price changes. A sensitivity analysis of returns to assets, variable costs and per tonne of feed fed is also calculated.

Land Management Manual. Merredin Advisory District, F. Frost, M Howell

Natural resources published reports

Farming by soil type recognizes that each major soil unit has specific land use capabilities. 'When developing a farm management programme, understanding and appreciating the productive potential and degradation hazard of each soil unit ensures that production systems can be developed which are 'sustainable. The aim of this land management manual is to describe the climatic and geological features of the district and provide definitions of each of the major soil units and 'current management recommendations. The material is designed to be used as an information base for farm planners.

Thes oil units described are for the Merredin advisory district …