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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Urban Studies and Planning
Collaborative Resilience To Episodic Shocks And Surprises: A Very Long-Term Case Study Of Zanjera Irrigation In The Philippines 1979–2010, Bruce Evan Goldstein, Ruth Yabes
Collaborative Resilience To Episodic Shocks And Surprises: A Very Long-Term Case Study Of Zanjera Irrigation In The Philippines 1979–2010, Bruce Evan Goldstein, Ruth Yabes
Bruce Evan Goldstein
This thirty-year case study uses surveys, semi-structured interviews, and content analysis to examine the adaptive capacity of Zanjera San Marcelino, an indigenous irrigation management system in the northern Philippines. This common pool resource (CPR) system exists within a turbulent social-ecological system (SES) characterized by episodic shocks such as large typhoons as well as novel surprises, such as national political regime change and the construction of large dams. The Zanjera nimbly responded to these challenges, although sometimes in ways that left its structure and function substantially altered. While a partial integration with the Philippine National Irrigation Agency was critical to the …
Narrating Resilience: Transforming Urban Systems Through Collaborative Storytelling, Bruce Evan Goldstein, Anne Taufen Wessells, Raul Lejano, William Butler
Narrating Resilience: Transforming Urban Systems Through Collaborative Storytelling, Bruce Evan Goldstein, Anne Taufen Wessells, Raul Lejano, William Butler
Bruce Evan Goldstein
How can communities enhance social-ecological resilience within complex urban systems? Drawing on a new urbanist proposal in Orange County, California, it is suggested that planning that ignores diverse ways of knowing undermines the experience and shared meaning of those living in a city. The paper then describes how narratives lay at the core of efforts to reintegrate the Los Angeles River into the life of the city and the US Fire Learning Network’s efforts to address the nation’s wildfire crisis. In both cases, participants develop partially shared stories about alternative futures that foster critical learning and facilitate coordination without imposing …
Spatial Equilibrium In The Labor Market, Philip E. Graves
Spatial Equilibrium In The Labor Market, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
The paper discusses two approaches to spatial equilibrium in the labor market. The more traditional approach of labor economics assumes wage differentials represent arbitrageable differences in utility, with implications 1) that migration should be toward higher wage areas and 2) that migration flows will lead to convergence in wages over space. The more recent approach of urban/regional economics follows Roback in examining the implications of assumed equilibrium in utility over space. In this view wage differentials are compensatory (along with rent differentials) for amenity variation over space. The implications for wage convergence over space are complicated, but in general there …
The Hedonic Method Of Valuing Environmental Policies And Quality, Philip E. Graves
The Hedonic Method Of Valuing Environmental Policies And Quality, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
Benefit-cost analysts attempt to compare two states of the world, the status quo and a state in which a policy having benefits and costs is being contemplated. For environmental policies, this comparison is greatly complicated by the difficulty in inferring the values that individuals place on an increment to environmental quality. Unlike ordinary private goods, environmental goods are not directly exchanged in markets with observable prices. In this chapter, the hedonic approach to inferring the benefits of an environmental policy is examined.
Spatial Equilibrium In Labor Markets, Philip E. Graves
Spatial Equilibrium In Labor Markets, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
Over long periods of human history, labor market equilibrium involved movements from low-wage areas to high-wage areas, a form of arbitrage under the implicit view that wage differentials corresponded to utility differentials. This “labor economics” view is likely to be viable as long as movement and information costs are high, and under this view the movements would be expected to cause wage convergence over space. In recent decades, perhaps beginning as early as the 1960’s, both the out of pocket and psychological costs of movement have plummeted with advances in transportation and communication technology and innovation. In addition, these same …
The Peculiar Immobility: Regional Affinity And The Postbellum Black Migrant, Philip E. Graves, Robert L. Sexton, Richard Vedder
The Peculiar Immobility: Regional Affinity And The Postbellum Black Migrant, Philip E. Graves, Robert L. Sexton, Richard Vedder
PHILIP E GRAVES
Why did newly freed slaves and their descendants wait a half a century before migrating in large numbers to the superior economic opportunities in the North? Census lifetime migration data on both movers and stayers are examined intertemporally for both whites and blacks. Regression analysis reveals that before 1920 Southern blacks had a very strong affinity for the "Southern way of life."
If The Large Wta-Wtp Gap For Public Goods Is Real (And There Are Good Reasons To Think So) Conventional Welfare Measures Are Simply Incorrect, Philip E. Graves
If The Large Wta-Wtp Gap For Public Goods Is Real (And There Are Good Reasons To Think So) Conventional Welfare Measures Are Simply Incorrect, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
A robust finding in economics is that decision-makers often exhibit a much smaller dollar willingness to pay (WTP) for an item than the minimum amount that they claim to be willing to accept (WTA) to part with it. The spread between these two numbers is particularly large for public goods, raising serious public policy concerns regarding which number, if either, is appropriate for valuing such goods. A traditional utility maximizing model is presented here that predicts–as both measures are currently calculated–that WTA will exceed WTP, quite plausibly by a substantial amount for public goods. Moreover, it is shown here that …
The Economics Of Ghost Towns, Philip E. Graves, Stephan Weiler, Emily E. Tynon
The Economics Of Ghost Towns, Philip E. Graves, Stephan Weiler, Emily E. Tynon
PHILIP E GRAVES
The ghost towns of the American West are both intriguing historical artifacts and reflections of unique economic forces at work. In this study we develop linked labor and housing market models balancing the wages, rents, and local amenities of isolated boomtown sites to better understand the sources of such communities’ dramatic cycles. High variance boom-towns provide a unique context for investment in housing and other foundational infrastructure, leading directly to the unusually transient local development patterns seen in ghost town settings. We use Colorado-based case studies to illustrate the relevance of the model. Comparisons with more modern rural settings in …
Non-Optimal Levels Of Suburbanization, Philip E. Graves
Non-Optimal Levels Of Suburbanization, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
Suburbanization has many causes, among which is the attempt to relocate to acquire a more desirable vector of local public goods. The traditional economists' procedure for valuing public goods involves vertical aggregation of marginal willingness to pay, at a given income level. This approach is flawed by failing to recognize that individuals will not work for goods that cannot be acquired individually with higher incomes. There will be a parallel input market failure any time there is a public good output market failure, thus the `given income' of the traditional valuation method is too low. Hence, traditional valuation methods result …
Examining The Role Of Economic Opportunity And Amenities In Explaining Population Redistribution, Peter R. Mueser, Philip E. Graves
Examining The Role Of Economic Opportunity And Amenities In Explaining Population Redistribution, Peter R. Mueser, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
This paper develops a model of migration integrating equilibrium and disequilibrium components in which individuals and firms form rational expectations about future opportunities. Levels of migration are derived as functions of variations in factors influencing migrant labor demand ("economic opportunity") and migrant labor supply ("residential amenities"). The model is used to estimate the extent to which migration in the United States over the period 1950-1980 is determined by these two classes of exogenous factors.
The Role Of Equilibrium And Disequilibrium In Modeling Regional Growth And Decline: A Critical Reassessment, Philip E. Graves, Peter R. Mueser
The Role Of Equilibrium And Disequilibrium In Modeling Regional Growth And Decline: A Critical Reassessment, Philip E. Graves, Peter R. Mueser
PHILIP E GRAVES
The assumption of interregional equilibrium in migration research has recently been attacked. At issue is the motivation for on-going migration if rents and wages accurately compensate for spatial amenity variations; but if rents and wages fail to accurately compensate potential migrants, then amenity valuations must be flawed. We here show that arguments supporting substantial disequilibrium in the U.S. economy are unconvincing. The substantive issues are then clarified by a model which allows for both equilibrium and disequilibrium migration. We conclude that intertemporally systematic migration stems predominantly from equilibrium forces.
Multimarket Amenity Compensation And The Behavior Of The Elderly, Philip E. Graves, Donald M. Waldman
Multimarket Amenity Compensation And The Behavior Of The Elderly, Philip E. Graves, Donald M. Waldman
PHILIP E GRAVES
There is no abstract for this work.
On The Role Of Amenities In Models Of Migration And Regional Development, Philip E. Graves
On The Role Of Amenities In Models Of Migration And Regional Development, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
See manuscript for full abstract.
Migration With A Composite Amenity: The Role Of Rents, Philip E. Graves
Migration With A Composite Amenity: The Role Of Rents, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
There is no abstract for this work.
Migration And Job Change: A Multinomial Logit Approach (Jue 1983), Peter D. Linneman, Philip E. Graves
Migration And Job Change: A Multinomial Logit Approach (Jue 1983), Peter D. Linneman, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
See paper for the full abstract.
A Life-Cycle Empirical Analysis Of Migration And Climate, By Race (Jue 1979), Philip E. Graves
A Life-Cycle Empirical Analysis Of Migration And Climate, By Race (Jue 1979), Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
There is no abstract for this work.
Household Migration: Theoretical And Empirical Results, Philip E. Graves, Peter D. Linneman
Household Migration: Theoretical And Empirical Results, Philip E. Graves, Peter D. Linneman
PHILIP E GRAVES
See article for detailed abstract.
The Urban Growth Question, Philip E. Graves
The Urban Growth Question, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
City size is controversial...we present a paper that trades off the benefits and the costs of increased size. The issues are inevitably present.