Politics and Social Change Commons^™

"The Extraordinary Movement Of The Jews Of Great Britain": 1827-1831, C. S. Monaco

C. S. Monaco

This article identifies a previously ignored social movement that existed in London during 1827–1831. The Jewish rights movement, as it will be called here, actually involved a coalition of Jews and Christians. During the movement’s initial phase, London Jews, led by Moses E. Levy (an activist from the United States), joined in solidarity with their oppressed brethren in Russia: their public protests against tsarist policies drew a broad response from the national and international press. This unparalleled movement influenced national political agendas and major legislative reforms, and resulted in striking changes within the Anglo-Jewish community. By utilising the modern social …

Asalariados De La Muerte. Sicariato Y Criminalidad En Colombia., Alexander Montoya Prada

Alexander Montoya Prada

El sicariato es un recurso utilizado en el desarrollo de conflictos sociales desde el ámbito público estatal hasta el privado íntimo. En este artículo hacemos un recorrido de los últimos 30 años en la historia de Colombia, para estudiar la manera como se relaciona con diferentes actores y procesos, como los del narcotráfico y el paramilitarismo, describiendo la trayectoria de los sicarios, modus operandi, niveles de organización, móviles de los contratantes y tarifas. De igual manera abordamos la relación y la reacción del Estado ante el sicariato, con políticas de justicia, seguridad y rehabilitación.

Mujeres En El Cruce: Remapping Border Security Through Migrant Mobility, Anna O. Oleary

Anna Ochoa OLeary

In this article I discuss some of the findings of my study of the encounter between female migrants and immigration enforcement authorities along the U.S.-Mexico border. An objective of the research was to ascertain a more accurate picture of women temporarily suspended in the “intersection” of diametrically opposed processes, immigration enforcement and transnational mobility. Of the many issues that have emerged from this research, family separation is most palpable. This suggests a deeply entrenched economic relationship between family separation and measures to better secure the U.S.-Mexico border. Indeed, women’s accounts of crossing into the U.S. without authorization, as one of …

The Abcs Of Unauthorized Border Crossing Costs: Assembling, Bajadores, And Coyotes, Anna O. Oleary

Anna Ochoa OLeary

In efforts to avoid detection by border enforcement agents, undocumented migrants from Latin America often risk life and limb to enter the U.S. Most commonly, they walk two to four days through an inhospitable desert in hopes of being picked up and whisked away to their final destination. Cost in human lives not withstanding, the price of this venture correlates to increased border enforcement. Interviews with repatriated migrant women on the border helps uncover this economic “underbelly” of transnational movement in what I dub the ABCs of migration costs: those related to assembling, bajadores (border bandits), and coyotes.

The Heritage Of Political Violence Among Slovenian Elites And Its Mobilisation During The Period Of Regime Change (1988-1995), Anton Kramberger

Anton Kramberger

The article deals with bad memories on experienced political violence among members of Slovenian elites, who were active during the regime change in Slovenia (1988-1995), when this country transformed from an ex-Yugoslavia region to an independent state. Although elite members are definitely the persons who may easily exercise force and coercive power upon others and not the other way around, it is interesting to see, how the old and new elite members were utilizing possible past violent acts over themselves or their families, exercised by different regimes from the past. Data are based on a special survey among Slovenian elite …

Territorio, Gestión Local Y Conflicto En El Municipio De El Tambo, Alexander Montoya Prada

Alexander Montoya Prada

La influencia de guerrillas, paramilitares y mafias ha crecido en años recientes, afectando la gestión pública local y nacional, el diseño de políticas públicas y el manejo de los recursos. La comprensión de este proceso requiere de estudios de caso como el que presentamos del municipio de El Tambo en el departamento del Cauca. Aquí se analiza el impacto que los actores armados generan en la satisfacción plena de los derechos civiles, políticos y sociales de los ciudadanos. Queremos conocer cuáles son los actores que hacen presencia, sus motivaciones para incidir en la institucionalidad pública local, su relación con las …

Las Otras Caras Del Poder. Territorio, Conflicto Y Gestión Pública En Municipios Colombianos, Fabio Enrique Velásquez Carrillo

Alexander Montoya Prada

La influencia de los actores armados ilegales en la gestión municipal es hoy un hecho que muy pocos se atreven a controvertir. Ya en la segunda mitad de la década pasada algunos estudios reconocieron la importancia que el territorio tenía para los actores armados en el contexto del conflicto. Sin embargo, no existen estudios que examinen de modo sistemático la influencia de los actores armados en el manejo de los asuntos públicos municaples y los efectos de dicha influencia sobre la vida de quienes habitan los territorios. Tal es el propósito de este libro. El análisis sugiere que existe en …

Liberalism, Tolerance And Multiculturalism: The Bounds Of Liberal Intervention In Affairs Of Minority Cultures, Raphael Cohen-Almagor, Marco Zambotti

raphael cohen-almagor

One of the most pressing issues facing liberal democracies today is the politicization of ethno-cultural diversity. Minority cultures are demanding greater public recognition of their distinctive identities, and greater freedom and opportunity to retain and develop their distinctive cultural practices. In response to these demands, new and creative mechanisms are being adopted in many countries for accommodating difference. This paper discusses some of the issues raised by these demands, focusing in particular on the difficulties that arise when the minority seeking accommodation is illiberal. It is increasingly accepted that common citizenship rights are not sufficient to accommodate all forms of …

Emergencia E Impacto De Los Pueblos Indígenas En Las Arenas Políticas De América Latina., Salvador Marti I Puig

Salvador Marti i Puig

El texto analiza las razones de la emergencia y del reconocimiento (por parte de los actores dominantes) de los movimientos indígenas en América Latina durante la década de los noventa e inicios del siglo XXI. Para ello se señalan los elementos que permiten interpretar la emergencia de actores políticos de carácter étnico y se interpreta su impacto tanto en el espacio internacional como en el doméstico. Esta tarea se realizará a través de dos opciones teóricas, por un lado, se interpreta la emergencia de los movimientos a través de la estructura de oportunidades políticas y, por otro, se hace referencia …

Nicaragua 2008: Polarización Y Pactos., Salvador Marti I Puig

Salvador Marti i Puig

El año 2008, el segundo de la "nueva" administración de Daniel Ortega, estuvo marcado por la polarización política, la constatación de que El Pacto entre Ortega y Alemán se mantenía a pesar de las declaraciones de los miembros del partido liberal y de la dificultad de que las políticas sociales implementadas por el gobierno se tradujeran en una mejora del nivel de vida de los ciudadanos más pobres. En dicho marco, Daniel Ortega mantuvo una notable continuidad con el año anterior tanto respecto a la política exterior como a la doméstica, destacando el incremento del poder de la Primera Dama …

Los Múltiples Debates (Y Realidades) De La Democracia En América Latina., Salvador Marti I Puig

Salvador Marti i Puig

El estudio presenta una visión panorámica de cómo se ha analizado el proceso de implantación y permanencia de los regímenes democráticos en América Latina durante la historia reciente. Para ello el texto se divide en dos partes: en la primera se expone una síntesis crítica de la literatura que analizó los procesos de transición desde regímenes autoritarios a democráticos; y la segunda presenta la forma en que los analistas han interpretado los regímenes democráticos existentes en la región. Se desarrollan tres apartados que abordan con brevedad los siguientes temas: cómo se han calificado este tipo de democracias; cuál es la …

Mutaciones Orgánicas, Adaptación Y Desinstitucionalización Partidaria: El Caso Del Frente Sandinista De Liberación Nacional (Fsln), 1980-2006., Salvador Marti I Puig

Salvador Marti i Puig

Después de haber liderado un proceso revolucionario en Nicaragua durante los años ochenta y de haber perdido el poder en unas elecciones en 1990, el FSLN con- siguió nuevamente el poder en unos comicios celebrados en noviembre de 2006. Para ello el FSLN tuvo que transformarse de una organización vanguardista y cor- porativa a otro tipo de organización partidaria. Esta mutación supuso para el FSLN enfrentar profundos cambios organizativos, simbólicos y estratégicos. La interpreta- ción de estos cambios y del tipo de partido resultante (a la luz de la literatura del cambio organizativo en los partidos políticos) es el objetivo …

Hamadryas Visual Identification Guide, David W. Markman

David W Markman

No abstract provided.

Port Jews Or A People Of The Diaspora? A Critique Of The Port Jew Concept, C. S. Monaco

C. S. Monaco

This article offers a critical examination of the port Jew concept that was first introduced in the late 1990s. The port Jew "social type" has been construed as an alternate path to modernity, a phenomenon that was distinct from the European Haskalah and intrinsic to the supposedly liberal environment of port towns and cities. Drawing on a body of historical evidence (primarily from the Dutch and British Caribbean), this article questions key characteristics of the port Jew thesis and argues that a diaspora framework is better suited for conceptualizing the Jewish Atlantic world.

The Cell Phone As An Agent Of Social Change, Abu Sadat Nurullah

Abu Sadat Nurullah

The widespread adoption of the cell phone as a tool of communication and entertainment has revolutionized society, redefining patterns of social contact and relationships among individuals. Overall, the cell phone has transformed daily life of individuals to such an extent that it can be thought of as an agent of social change.

Primitive Accumulation And Re-Appropriation Of The Information Commons, Wilhelm Peekhaus

Wilhelm Peekhaus

This paper suggests that LIS might benefit from critical political economy as a way of theorizing and responding to enclosures of information commons. The autonomist Marxist re-invigoration of ‘primitive accumulation’ offers a register for apprehending contemporary erosions of the commons. Autonomist Marxism also helps conceptualize resistance to enclosures.

Diabolical Frivolity Of Neoliberal Fundamentalism, Sefik Tatlic

Sefik Tatlic

Today, we cannot talk just about plain control, but we must talk about the nature of the interaction of the one who is being controlled and the one who controls, an interaction where the one that is “controlled” is asking for more control over himself/herself while expecting to be compensated by a surplus of freedom to satisfy trivial needs and wishes. Such a liberty for the fulfillment of trivial needs is being declared as freedom. But this implies as well the freedom to choose not to be engaged in any kind of socially sensible or politically articulated struggle.

Hamas Controlled Televised News Media: Counter- Peace, Allen Gnanam

Allen Gnanam

The hegemonic force of Hamas censored televised news media in Gaza, can not be fully comprehended and appreciated without recognizing the role of propaganda, censorship, and the historical context of the middle east. These 3 interrelated dimensions will be analyzed using functionalism, the mass society theory, the dominant ideology framework, the critical criminology framework, and the symbolic interactionist framework. Through censorship, Hamas news media outlets were able to unilaterally inject culturally relevant propaganda, into the minds of children and citizens. The hypodermic syringe model can be applied to the state controlled news media situation in Gaza, as the people of …

Non Nation Destabilizing Eradication Of Opium Cultivation In Afghanistan: A History Backed Analysis, Allen Gnanam

Allen Gnanam

A successful and non nation destabilizing eradication of opium cultivation in Afghanistan, is contingent upon the mandatory countering of interconnected (a) economic obstacles, (b) sociocultural obstacles, and (c) political obstacles that are fueling and maintaining the illegal production and trade of heroin. This paper will explore and analyze the above mentioned interconnected obstacles, in order to present the complex issues that need to be addressed when it comes to dismantling the illegal opium bastion in Afghanistan. At a macro- level Foucault’s triangular model that identifies the interconnectivity between the government, the population, and the political economy (1978) will be utilized …

Cyber Terrorism, Allen Gnanam

Allen Gnanam

This paper sets out to identify and explain the negative national security implications, negative physical & psychological implications, and the negative economic implications that society could face, as a result of a severe cyber attack against major sectors of a nations infrastructure. In addition instigating factors that lead to/ provoke cyber terrorism will be identified, in order to strategically influence counter cyber terrorism policy towards an offensive model. Along with that, this paper will present defensive/ target hardening counter- cyber terrorism policies that will enable proactive security mechanisms to be implemented.

Book Review Of: Crime In An Insecure World: By Richard Ericson, Allen Gnanam

Allen Gnanam

Crime in an Insecure World written by Richard Ericson, depicts western society as a neo-liberal state, that has an impulsive tendency to criminalizes all sources of harm through precautionary logic, risk assessment, surveillance measures, and counter law I and II, due to the dominant culture of impulsive criminalization that produces uncertainty. Counter Law, precautionary logical, risk assessment, and uncertainty are the 4 major concepts discussed by Ericson, and these concepts will be analyzed and interpreted during this book review.

Ban Opitc Private Security Goverance: Exceptionalism, Spatial Sorting And Risk Assessments, Allen Gnanam

Allen Gnanam

This paper is theoretically grounded on the Ban opticon framework that is characterized by the use of exceptionalism, the normalization of imperative movement, and profiling for insecurity management purposes (Bigo, 2005). This framework will be utilized in order to expose and analyze the Ban optic governmentality of the private security industry. Secondly, the overall discussion and analysis of the private security industry- Ban opticon nexus will be discussed with specific reference to the private security operations of The New Commons. Thirdly, three private security intelligence networks identified by Lippert & O’Connor (2006) namely Disciplinary Networks, Private Justice Networks, and Multilateral …

Crime And Precaution, Allen Gnanam

Allen Gnanam

Precautionary logic and risk assessments can be associated with counter terrorism, criminal profiling, and the management of high risk individuals/ groups. Overall, risk precautionary logic and risk assessments can be framed using the Ban-opticon concept identified by Bigo, though panopitic elements do exist when discussing concepts of surveillance. The Ban opticon framework has 3 major concepts: (a) Criminal profiling, (b) the management of movement and (c) exceptionalism.

Both precautionary logic and risk assessments are associated with the profiling of harms and threats, the management of individual or group movement, and both are used to provide qualitative and quantitative rationale for …