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Full-Text Articles in Sociology
Offender Profiling In Australia, Wayne Petherick
Offender Profiling In Australia, Wayne Petherick
Wayne Petherick
This important original work recognises the close relationship between criminology and forensic psychology. It offers evidence-based psychological research, relevant to the current legal justice systems operating in Australia and New Zealand. The chapters are written by a range of experienced specialists, and reflect major areas that forensic psychologists work in and give a real sense of the underpinning knowledge base from which the profession works. Readers will obtain an understanding of the diverse, complex and challenging tasks that forensic psychologists face on a day-to-day basis and the implications the field has for psychology as a whole as well as related …
Behavioural Evidence Analysis: Ideo-Deductive Method Of Criminal Profiling, Wayne Petherick, Brent Turvey
Behavioural Evidence Analysis: Ideo-Deductive Method Of Criminal Profiling, Wayne Petherick, Brent Turvey
Wayne Petherick
Extract:
In the previous chapter, we learned that idiographic (individual case) study is the type that results in knowledge about the characteristics of a particular case. This is useful when trying to understand the unique characteristics, dynamics, and relationships between a particular crime scene, victim and offender. Idiographic offender profiles, therefore, are characteristics developed by studying or examining a single case. Furthermore, while nomothetic profiles are abstract, idiographic profiles are concrete. That is to say, an idiographic profile represents an actual offender that exists in the real world. The nomothetic profile is an average, or a prediction; it does not …
Criminal Motivation, Wayne Petherick, Brent Turvey
Criminal Motivation, Wayne Petherick, Brent Turvey
Wayne Petherick
Extract:
In criminal prosecution, the determination of motive is not necessary. While this may be a legal reality, the failure to make this determination is a significant investigative shortcoming, and any investigation that has failed to yield the motive behind the crime is subsequently incomplete. The determination of motive can only be inferred by reasoning from the facts developed during an investigation. In some cases, motive is readily apparent; in others, it is hidden from view. When the latter is true, a thorough investigation is required to put it all together.
Victimology, Wayne Petherick, Brent Turvey
Victimology, Wayne Petherick, Brent Turvey
Wayne Petherick
Extract:
In the rush to investigate crime, it is not difficult to become distracted by an understandable interest in criminal behaviors and motivations and forget the value of understanding victims. Those with an interest in criminal profiling, for example, often raise the question of how emotionally taxing and intellectually challenging it must be to see through the eyes of a criminal- as though criminal profiling has everything to do with this and as though the criminal should be more important than the victim. Overfocus on the offender is understandable as the victim is not always front and centre in the …
Stalking, Wayne Petherick
Stalking, Wayne Petherick
Wayne Petherick
Extract:
Despite considerable media and academic interest in the phenomenon of stalkers and stalking in the late 1990s and into early 2000, there has been a significant decline of media reporting in recent years. In fact, we rarely hear about run-of-the-mill stalking cases in the media at all- only those involving sensational aspects such as high victim count, celebrities, or public figures. Or it might be reported as part of the sequence of events that led to a sensationally intimate homicide that has the public's interest. This is most likely because the general public has acclimated to the stalking phenomenon …
Criminal Profiling, The Scientific Method, And Logic, Wayne Petherick, Brent Turvey
Criminal Profiling, The Scientific Method, And Logic, Wayne Petherick, Brent Turvey
Wayne Petherick
Extract:
This chapter explains how valid inferences are made leaning deeply against the framework of criminal profiling. It requires the use of the scientific method, an applied understanding of the science of logic, and knowing how to know when you are wrong. It also requires some understanding of bias.
Nomothetic Methods Of Criminal Profiling, Wayne Petherick, Brent Turvey
Nomothetic Methods Of Criminal Profiling, Wayne Petherick, Brent Turvey
Wayne Petherick
Extract:
There are two ways of viewing the application of logic to the development of scientific knowledge (Novick, 1988, p. 34). The first takes the position that facts, appropriately shaped and organized, will divulge their intrinsic connections to each other. In this system of reasoning, such facts are assumed to be evident of inherent truths separate from the desires of those examining them. Further, in this system of reasoning, observations are considered the purest, most honest form of study. It is consequently believed that one should observe the facts and not poison their meaning with the construction of inductive hypotheses …
The Lesser Of Two Evils? A Qualitative Study Of Offenders' Preferences For Prison Compared To Alternatives, David May, Alisha Williams, Peter Wood
The Lesser Of Two Evils? A Qualitative Study Of Offenders' Preferences For Prison Compared To Alternatives, David May, Alisha Williams, Peter Wood
David May
Recent work has demonstrated that many offenders will choose to serve prison rather than any amount of a community-based sanction. This primarily quantitative research has found that offender-generated exchange rates are influenced by a wide variety of experiences and characteristics. Missing from this literature is a qualitative evaluation of why offenders might make this choice. We present qualitative data from 618 probationers and parolees to explain why those who have experienced imprisonment are less willing to serve community sanctions than their counterparts, and more willing to serve prison. Results hold implications for deterrence, recidivism, rehabilitation, and correctional policy issues.
Lessons Learned From Punishment Exchange Rates: Implications For Research, Theory, And Correctional Policy, David May, Peter Wood, Amy Eades
Lessons Learned From Punishment Exchange Rates: Implications For Research, Theory, And Correctional Policy, David May, Peter Wood, Amy Eades
David May
A growing number of studies have used exchange rates to examine perceptions of the punitivieness of prison when compared to alternative sanctions among prisoners, probationers, parolees, correctional professionals, and judges. Without exception, the findings from these research efforts call into question the punishment continuum that anchors probation as the least punitive sanction and prison as the most punitive. In this paper, we combine findings from these research efforts with data collected from 1271 adults to propose a revised continuum of punishment. Additionally, we provide a theoretical framework to help explain how offenders experience correctional sanctions, and offer suggestions for policy …
Offenders, Judges, And Officers Rate The Relative Severity Of Alternative Sanctions Compared To Prison, David May, Nathan Moore, Peter Wood
Offenders, Judges, And Officers Rate The Relative Severity Of Alternative Sanctions Compared To Prison, David May, Nathan Moore, Peter Wood
David May
Recent work suggests that offenders rate several alternatives as more severe than imprisonment. We build on this literature by comparing punishment exchange rates generated by criminal court judges with rates generated by offenders and their supervising officers. Findings reveal that none of the three groups rates prison as the most severe sanction and judges and officers rate alternatives as significantly less severe than offenders. Offenders are generally willing to serve less of each alternative to avoid imprisonment than judges or officers. Serving correctional sanctions thus appears to reduce the perceived severity of imprisonment and increase the perceived severity of alternatives.
Dealing With Misbehavior At Schools In Kentucky: Theoretical And Contextual Predicators Of Use Of Corporal Punishment, David May, Timothy Mcclure
Dealing With Misbehavior At Schools In Kentucky: Theoretical And Contextual Predicators Of Use Of Corporal Punishment, David May, Timothy Mcclure
David May
To test and compare theoretical explanations of the use of corporal punishment in school, the authors examine how well county-level measures of culture, socioeconomic strain, and social capital predict the prevalence and incidence of corporal punishment in Kentucky schools. Although several variables are significantly correlated with corporal punishment use, multivariate regression analyses reveal that high socioeconomic strain and low levels of social capital are the best predictors of (a) the prevalence of corporal punishment in a county’s public school system(s) and (b) a high incidence of corporal punishment in those counties where it is practiced. Explanations and practical implications of …
How Do Inmates Perceive Jail Conditions?: A View From Jail Administrators, David May, Rick Ruddell, Peter Wood
How Do Inmates Perceive Jail Conditions?: A View From Jail Administrators, David May, Rick Ruddell, Peter Wood
David May
Focuses on a study conducted which examines the perceptions of jail administrators about the hardships in jail incarceration. It is found that inmates view jail to be more punitive than prison. Further, it is noted that jail administrators have observed that often an inmate would prefer to be in a jail that is close to his family.