Science and Technology Studies Commons^™

Tracking Researchers And Their Outputs: New Insights From Orcids, Jan Youtie, Stephen Carley, Alan L. Porter, Philip Shapira

Philip Shapira

Games Are Not Coffee Mugs: Games And The Right Of Publicity, 29 Santa Clara Computer & High Tech. L.J. 1 (2012), William K. Ford, Raizel Liebler

William K. Ford

Are games more like coffee mugs, posters, and T-shirts, or are they more like books, magazines, and films? For purposes of the right of publicity, the answer matters. The critical question is whether games should be treated as merchandise or as expression. Three classic judicial decisions, decided in 1967, 1970, and 1973, held that the defendants needed permission to use the plaintiffs' names in their board games. These decisions judicially confirmed that games are merchandise, not something equivalent to more traditional media of expression. As merchandise, games are not like books; instead, they are akin to celebrity-embossed coffee mugs. To …

Scientific Teams: Self-Assembly, Fluidness, And Interdependence, Jian Wang, Diana Hicks

Jian Wang

U.S. Space Policy: The Militarization Of Space, Donald M. Borock, Joel R. Hillison, Rutherford V. Platt, Emily K. Costley, Jessica R. Jozwik

Joel R. Hillison

This year the Eisenhower Institute Undergraduate Fellowship Program in studying the past, present and future of United States Space Policy. Learn about the militarization of space, the space race, and origin of GPS, reconnaissance satellites, and how they impact your day-to-day life. The Militarization of Space faculty panel has been organized by EI Undergraduate Fellows, Emily Costley '14 & Jessica Jozwik '14. This event is co-sponsored by the Interfraternity Council. The EI Undergraduate Fellows program offers a select group of Gettysburg College students the chance to develop their leadership skills and grow in their knowledge and understanding of public policy. …

Erawatch Country Reports 2013: Italy, Leopoldo Nascia, Mario Pianta

Mario Pianta

The evolution of the research and innovation (R&I) system in Italy has been heavily affected by the economic crisis, the reduction in public expenditure associated to austerity programmes, and the fall of private R&D and investment efforts. Italy’s GDP has fallen in 2012 (-2.5%) and in 2013 (-1.8%); Eurostat forecasts a slight growth of GDP in 2014, but at a lower rate than the EU28 average. The share of R&D in GDP in 2012 is 1.27%, as opposed to a EU28 average of 2.06. Italy’s level continues to be far from the 1.53% share of GDP stated as the target …

Tracing The Footprint Of Knowledge Spillover: Evidence From U.S.-China Collaboration In Nanotechnology, Li Tang, Guangyuan Hu

Li Tang

No abstract provided.

Emp And Geomagnetic Storm Protection Of Critical Infrastructure, George H. Baker Iii

George H Baker

EMP and solar storm wide geographic coverage and ubiquitous system effects beg the question of “Where to begin?” with protection efforts. Thus, in addressing these “wide area electromagnetic (EM) effects,” we must be clever in deciding where to invest limited resources. Based on simple risk analysis, the electric power and communication infrastructures emerge as the highest priority for EM protection. Programs focused on these highest risk infrastructures will go a long way in lessoning societal impact. Given the national scope of the effects, such programs must be coordinated at the national level but implemented at local level. Because wide-area EM …

Powerful Numbers Or A Short Reflection On Influential Analyses In The History Of Science Of Science Policy, Diana Hicks

Diana Hicks

The quantitative analysis of issues relevant to science policy has a history dating back several decades. Over that time, there have been occasions in which scholarly analyses have escaped from the ivory tower and made an impact on policy discussions or on policy itself. In this paper, I review some of these occasions, looking at what type of analyses were used, who used such analyses, and for what purposes.

Precaution And Privacy Impact Assessment As Modes Towards Risk Governance, David Wright, RaphaëL Gellert, Serge Gutwirth, Michael Friedewald

Michael Friedewald

No abstract provided.

To Phd Or Not To Phd?, Daniel Edwards

Dr Daniel Edwards

Research degrees, particularly the PhD, are seen as an important stepping stone into a research career, particularly in the sciences where chemistry is no exception. However, as part of any contemplation about undertaking a PhD, prospective students should keep in mind the sort of career, types of future research and location of the work they might be hoping to pursue. A research project by the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) for the Federal Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) provides some important insights into the supply and demand for research positions in science in Australia.

Mother Earth "Speaks": Change Yourself, Change The World, Use The Archetypal Energy "Harmony" As A Guide, Carroy U. Ferguson

Carroy U "Cuf" Ferguson, Ph.D.

In relation to the Cosmos, we all, as human beings, live on this tiny planet we call Earth, a planet that supports and sustains life, as we know it. There are many different kinds of people, plants, and animals functioning in harmony with soil, air, and water--all linked to one another in a complex web of life to form one Earth community. Unfortunately, we often take this miracle and ecosystem of life for granted. When, however, we take the ecosystem of life too much for granted, Mother Earth "speaks," reflecting imbalances and dis-harmonies. When Mother Earth "speaks," her message is …

The Emergence Of Social Science Research In Nanotechnology, Philip Shapira, Jan Youtie, Alan L. Porter

Philip Shapira

This article examines the development of social science literature focused on the emerging area of nanotechnology. It is guided by the exploratory proposition that early social science work on emerging technologies will draw on science and engineering literature on the technology in question to frame its investigative activities, but as the technologies and societal investments in them progress, social scientists will increasingly develop and draw on their own body of literature. To address this proposition the authors create a database of nanotechnology-social science literature by merging articles from the Web of Science’s Social Science Citation Index and Arts and Humanities …

Ssrn As An Initial Revolution In Academic Knowledge Aggregation And Dissemination, David Bray, Sascha Vitzthum, Benn Konsynski

Sascha Vitzthum

Within this paper we consider our results of using the Social Science Research Network (SSRN) over a period of 18 months to distribute our working papers to the research community. Our experiences have been quite positive, with SSRN serving as a platform both to inform our colleagues about our research as well as inform us about related research (through email and telephoned conversations of colleagues who discovered our paper on SSRN). We then discuss potential future directions for SSRN to consider, and how SSRN might well represent an initial revolution in 21st century academic knowledge aggregation and dissemination. Our paper …

Strengthening Capacity For Sustainable Livelihoods And Food Security Through Urban Agriculture Among Hiv And Aids Affected Households In Nakuru, Kenya, Nancy Karanja, Fiona Yeudall, Mary Njenga, Samwel Mbugua, Gordon Prain, Donald Cole, Aimee Webb, Jennier Levy, Christopher Gore, Daniel Sellen

Christopher D Gore

The promotion and support of urban agriculture (UA) has the potential to contribute to efforts to address pressing challenges of poverty, under nutrition and sustainability among vulnerable populations in the growing cities of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This may be especially relevant for HIV/AIDS-affected individuals in SSA whose agricultural livelihoods are severely disrupted by the devastating effects of the disease on physical productivity and nutritional well-being. This paper outlines the process involved in the conception, design and implementation of a project to strengthen technical, environmental, financial and social capacity for UA among HIV-affected households in Nakuru, Kenya. Key lessons learned are …

The Limits And Opportunities Of Networks: Municipalities And Canadian Climate Change Policy, Christopher D. Gore

Christopher D Gore

Research on climate change policy and politics has become increasingly focused on the actions and influence of subnational governments. In North America, this attention has been particularly focused on why subnational governments have taken action in the absence of national leadership, what effect action might have on future national climate policy, and whether the collective action of networks of municipal governments are reshaping and challenging the character of national and global climate governance. This paper examines Canadian municipal climate in light of the absence of a comprehensive and effective climate national strategy. The paper considers various reasons why local governments …

The Governance Of Problems. Puzzling, Powering, Participation, Robert Hoppe

Robert Hoppe

No abstract provided.

Blind Matching Versus Matchmaking: Comparison Group Selection For Highly Creative Researchers, Jan Youtie, Philip Shapira, Juan Rogers

Philip Shapira

This research examines approaches for constructing a comparison group relative to highly creative researchers in nanotechnology and human genetics in the US and Europe. Such a comparison group would be useful in identifying factors that contribute to scientific creativity in these emerging fields. Two comparison group development approaches are investigated. The first approach is based on propensity score analysis and the second is based on knowledge from the literature on scientific creativity and early career patterns. In the first approach, the log of citations over the years of activity in the domains under analysis produces a significant result, but the …

Review: The Limits Of Boundaries: Why City-Regions Cannot Be Self-Governing, By Andrew Sancton, Christopher D. Gore

Christopher D Gore

No abstract provided.

Environmental Challenges And Opportunities: Local-Global Perspectives On Canadian Issues, Christopher Gore, Peter Stoett

Christopher D Gore

No abstract provided.

Local Government Responses To Climate Change: Our Last, Best Hope?, Christopher Gore, Pamela Robinson

Christopher D Gore

No abstract provided.

Making The Case For Community-Based Laboratories, Earthea Nance

Earthea Nance, PhD (Stanford University, 2004)

No abstract provided.

Towards Self-Organizing, Smart Business Networks: Let’S Create ‘Life’ From Inert Information, David Bray, Benn Konsynski

David A. Bray

We review three different theories that can inform how researchers can determine the performance of smart business networks, to include: (1) the Theory of Evolution, (2) the Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm, and (3) research insights into computers and cognition. We suggest that each of these theories demonstrate that to be generally perceived as smart, an organism needs to be self-organizing, communicative, and tool-making. Consequentially, to determine the performance of a smart business network, we suggest that researchers need to determine the degree to which it is self-organizing, communicative, and tool-making. We then relate these findings to the Internet and …

Environment And Development In Uganda: Understanding The Global Influence On Domestic Policy, Christopher Gore

Christopher D Gore

No abstract provided.

Healthy Urban Food Production And Local Government, Christopher Gore

Christopher D Gore

No abstract provided.

Electricity And Privatization In Uganda: The Origins Of Crisis And Problems With Response, Christopher Gore

Christopher D Gore

No abstract provided.

UbiquitäRes Computing Und Seine Auswirkungen Auf Die Industriearbeit, Ralf Lindner, Michael Friedewald

Michael Friedewald

Ubiquitäres Computing (UbiComp) bezeichnet eine alles durchdringende Informatisierung und Ver- netzung u.a. auch im Arbeitsleben. Es fügt sich in der industriellen Fertigung in die seit langem zu beobachtenden Trends der Rationalisierung und Flexibilisierung ein, beschleunigen diese und ver- stärken zum Teil deren Auswirkungen auf innerbetriebliche Prozesse. Mit Blick auf Tätigkeitsprofile und Qualifikationsanforderungen sind zwei gegenläufigen Folgen von UbiComp zu erwarten: Einer- seits werden bestimmte Tätigkeiten in der industriellen Fertigung eine qualitative Anreicherung und Erweiterung erfahren, während andererseits erweiterte Möglichkeiten zur Automatisierung von einfa- chen Kontroll-, Überwachungs- und anderen manuellen Tätigkeiten bestehen. Für die Mehrzahl der verbleibenden Beschäftigten in der industriellen …

Privacy, Identity And Security In Ambient Intelligence: A Scenario Analysis, Michael Friedewald, Elena Vildjiounaite, Yves Punie, David Wright

Michael Friedewald

The success of Ambient Intelligence (AmI) will depend on how secure it can be made, how privacy and other rights of indi- viduals can be protected and how individuals can come to trust the intelligent world that surrounds them and through which they move. This article addresses these issues by analysing scenarios for ambient intelligence applications that have been developed over the last few years. It elaborates the assumptions that promotors make about the likely use of the technology and possibly unwanted side effects. It concludes with a number of threats for personal privacy that become evident.

Barriers To Canadian Municipal Response To Climate Change, Pamela J. Robinson, Christopher D. Gore

Christopher D Gore

No abstract provided.

Shifts In Environmental Governance In Canada: How Are Citizen Environment Groups To Respond?, Christopher Gore, Beth Savan, Alexis Morgan

Christopher D Gore

No abstract provided.

Chronicle Of The Death Of A Laboratory: Douglas Engelbart And The Failure Of The Knowledge Workshop, Thierry Bardini, Michael Friedewald

Michael Friedewald

It is common knowledge that California, especially the San Francisco Bay Area is the birthplace of modern computing. Between 1945 and 1970 people such as Frederick Terman, professor of electronics at Stanford University, or William Shockley, co-inventor of the transistor transformed the once rural Santa Clara County south of San Francisco into Silicon Valley, the fast growing industrial centre of high-technology. But the Bay Area of the 1960s is not only well known for technical ingenuity but also as the stronghold of social movements (anti-Vietnam, civil rights, women’s liberation), that are often subsumed under the term ‘counter culture’. It is …