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Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Science and Technology Studies
Public Research Lab And Other Scientific Collaborations Of The Manchester City Region: A Bibliometric Analysis, Philip Shapira, Luciano Kay
Public Research Lab And Other Scientific Collaborations Of The Manchester City Region: A Bibliometric Analysis, Philip Shapira, Luciano Kay
Philip Shapira
This working paper examines the characteristics of the research collaborations of the Manchester City-Region, UK, based on a bibliometric analysis of co-authorship patterns of scientific publications published during the period 2006-2008. The paper focuses on Manchester City-Region collaborations with UK public research laboratories, but to place these in context the paper also contains overview analyses of all of the city-region’s research collaborations in the UK and internationally.
Understanding International Comparisons: 2009 Update, Scott J. Wallsten
Understanding International Comparisons: 2009 Update, Scott J. Wallsten
Scott J. Wallsten
No abstract provided.
Ubiquitäres Computing Im Gesundheitswesen, Michael Friedewald
Ubiquitäres Computing Im Gesundheitswesen, Michael Friedewald
Michael Friedewald
Der Fortschritt von Mikroelektronik, Kommunikationstechnik und Informations- technologie hält weiter an. Damit rückt auch die Vision einer umfassenden »In- formatisierung« und »Vernetzung« der Welt durch ubiquitäres Computing (Ubi- Comp) näher. Die technischen Voraussetzungen hierfür sind bereits geschaffen. Durch drahtlos kommunizierende Prozessoren und Sensoren, die – immer win- ziger, leistungsfähiger und energieeffizienter – in fast jeden Gegenstand inte- griert werden können, dringt die Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik in so gut wie jeden Bereich des gesellschaftlichen Lebens und Arbeitens vor. Com- puter werden »allgegenwärtig« und gleichzeitig doch weitgehend unsichtbar. Im Folgenden werden Anwendungsperspektiven dieser Technik im Bereich des Gesundheitswesens aufgezeigt und diskutiert.
Innovation For The Manchester City Region: A Discussion Paper, Philip Shapira, Michael Luger, Elvira Uyarra, Chiara Marzocchi
Innovation For The Manchester City Region: A Discussion Paper, Philip Shapira, Michael Luger, Elvira Uyarra, Chiara Marzocchi
Philip Shapira
After considering what is meant by innovation, we conceptualize the uses and sources of innovation at the level of a city-region. We suggest that this conceptualization, drawing on frameworks available in the literature, can provide a useful basis both for interpretation and policy operationalization. We then consider examples from practice, drawing on mini-case studies of innovation strategies in selected multi-area metropolitan agglomerations in other countries. This leads to a discussion of grand challenges and implementation problems of innovation facing the Manchester city-region. Finally, we consider implications strategy development and for the Manchester city-region innovation prospectus itself.
Testimony On Reforming The Universal Service High Cost Fund, Scott J. Wallsten
Testimony On Reforming The Universal Service High Cost Fund, Scott J. Wallsten
Scott J. Wallsten
No abstract provided.
Making The Case For Community-Based Laboratories, Earthea Nance
Making The Case For Community-Based Laboratories, Earthea Nance
Earthea Nance
No abstract provided.
Wobbling Back To The Fire: Economic Efficiency And The Creation Of A Retail Market For Set-Top Boxes, T. Randolph Beard, George S. Ford, Lawrence J. Spiwak, Michael Stern
Wobbling Back To The Fire: Economic Efficiency And The Creation Of A Retail Market For Set-Top Boxes, T. Randolph Beard, George S. Ford, Lawrence J. Spiwak, Michael Stern
GEORGE S FORD
Under Section 629 of the Communications Act, Congress directed the FCC to adopt regulations to promote a retail market for set-top boxes. The Commission’s first attempt was the ill-fated CableCard experiment, which—by the Commission’s own admission—was a dismal failure. In response, the Commission is now contemplating an aggressive new “AllVid” regime, whereby the agency would mandate multichannel video program distributors (“MVPDs”) to provide an adapter to serve as a “common interface for connection to televisions, DVRs, and other smart video devices.” Because the FCC is again proceeding without any formal economic analysis of the nature of the service-equipment relationship in …
The Need For Better Analysis Of High Capacity Services, George S. Ford, Lawrence J. Spiwak
The Need For Better Analysis Of High Capacity Services, George S. Ford, Lawrence J. Spiwak
GEORGE S FORD
In 1999, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) began to grant incumbent local exchange carriers (“LECs”) pricing flexibility on special access services in some Metropolitan Statistical Areas (“MSAs”) when specific evidence of competitive alternatives is present. The propriety of that deregulatory move by the FCC has been criticized by the purchasers of such services ever since. Proponents of special access price regulation rely on three central arguments to support a retreat to strict price regulation: (1) the market(s) for special access and similar services is unduly concentrated; (2) rates of return on special access services, computed using FCC ARMIS data, are …
Introducción: Monográfico "Perspectivas Teóricas Sobre Ciencia, Tecnología E Innovación", Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
Introducción: Monográfico "Perspectivas Teóricas Sobre Ciencia, Tecnología E Innovación", Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
Instrucción al monográfico especial de la Revista Arbor. Comprende 11 artículos que realizan análisis críticos de los principales enfoques teóricos sobre la I+D y la innovación procedentes de la sociología, la economía y la ciencia política.
Scientists In Charge: The Side Effects Of Hybrid Careers Between Research And Science Policy, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Javier López-Facal, Irene Ramos-Vielba
Scientists In Charge: The Side Effects Of Hybrid Careers Between Research And Science Policy, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Javier López-Facal, Irene Ramos-Vielba
Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
What are the implications of the fact that the most important positions in science policy are held by credentialed and experienced researchers? We propose that appointing scientists to high-level responsibilities in R&D systems have some side effects for both policy making and for the organizational arrangements in S&T organizations that rely on public funding. Stratification mechanisms in the governance of science create a kind of hybrid career between research and science policy. People needed for managing public bodies and research organizations are researchers with expertise in the special arrangements of science. At the same time, distinguished scientists are seen as …
La Ciencia Como Institución Social: Clásicos Y Modernos Institucionalismos En La Sociología De La Ciencia, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Cristóbal Torres-Albero
La Ciencia Como Institución Social: Clásicos Y Modernos Institucionalismos En La Sociología De La Ciencia, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Cristóbal Torres-Albero
Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
El artículo se refiere a los estudios sociales que han tratado a la ciencia como institución social. Para ello recurre a los marcos de análisis de la sociología institucional, tanto en su versión clásica como en el llamado nuevo institucionalismo sociológico. Con este bagaje se pasa revista a la discusión que en la sociología de la ciencia se ha producido sobre el conjunto de reglas, valores, pautas de comportamiento y rasgos organizativos que caracterizan a la ciencia como actividad social. En el análisis de la perspectiva clásica se establecen los límites del esquema normativo de los CUDEOS establecido por Robert …
“The Harder They Fall”: Hybrid Careers Between Research And Science Policy, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
“The Harder They Fall”: Hybrid Careers Between Research And Science Policy, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
This article studies professional careers between research and positions of responsibility in the governance of science. The process by which researchers are recruited in science policy organizations is studied as well as the conditioning social mechanisms which intervene in the subsequent development of their careers. 65 professional life stories of researchers that have held management, policy making and political positions in the Spanish R&D system between 1975 and 2007 have been employed. The study identifies organizational, cognitive and institutional social mechanisms that affect the researchers’ careers depending on the scientific specialties of origin, the positions held and the length of …
Anillos De Crecimiento En El Árbol De La Ciencia. La Evolución Institucional Del Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Jesús Sebastián, Javier López-Facal, Enrique Tortosa-Martorell
Anillos De Crecimiento En El Árbol De La Ciencia. La Evolución Institucional Del Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Jesús Sebastián, Javier López-Facal, Enrique Tortosa-Martorell
Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
¿Cuáles son los factores que influyen en los modelos organizativos de los grandes centros públicos de investigación de ámbito nacional? ¿Cómo afectan los cambios a la naturaleza de la actividad científica que realizan? Este artículo utiliza el caso del CSIC para estudiar un proceso de cambio organizativo teniendo en cuenta la tensión entre la dependencia del Estado de estos centros y el alto nivel de autonomía de sus comunidades científicas. El principal propósito es explicar cómo la transformación de la estructura de autoridad, junto a la dependencia de agencias de financiación y evaluación, da lugar a la emergencia de las …
Measuring University–Industry Collaboration In A Regional Innovation System, Irene Ramos-Vielba, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Elena Espinosa-De-Los-Monteros
Measuring University–Industry Collaboration In A Regional Innovation System, Irene Ramos-Vielba, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Elena Espinosa-De-Los-Monteros
Manuel Fernández-Esquinas
Studies of university–industry collaboration remain subject to important limitations due to the shortage of empirical data and a lack of consistency in that obtained to date. This article puts into practice a set of universities Third Mission indicators in a regional innovation system. Selected indicators previously compiled from literature were reorganized and pre-tested. We have undertaken two face-to-face surveys of 737 firms and 765 heads of research teams, respectively. The results test the validation of indicators and provide a complex map of university–industry linkages as well as some observations on the flexibility needed to address this issue.
Is Science Becoming More Interdisciplinary? Measuring And Mapping Six Research Fields Over Time, Alan L. Porter, Ismael Rafols
Is Science Becoming More Interdisciplinary? Measuring And Mapping Six Research Fields Over Time, Alan L. Porter, Ismael Rafols
alan l porter
In the last two decades there have been studies claiming that science is becoming ever more interdisciplinary. However, the evidence has been anecdotal or partial. Here we investigate how the degree of interdisciplinarity has changed between 1975 and 2005 over six research domains. To do so, we compute well-established bibliometric indicators alongside a new index of interdisciplinarity (Integration score, aka Rao-Stirling diversity) and a science mapping visualization method. The results attest to notable changes in research practices over this 30 year period, namely major increases in number of cited disciplines and references per article (both show about 50% growth), and …
R. Hoppe, Ex Ante Evaluation Of Legislation: Between Puzzling And Powering, In J. Verschuuren (Ed.), 2009, 81-104, Robert Hoppe
R. Hoppe, Ex Ante Evaluation Of Legislation: Between Puzzling And Powering, In J. Verschuuren (Ed.), 2009, 81-104, Robert Hoppe
Robert Hoppe
No abstract provided.
Scientific Advice And Public Policy: Expert Advisers' And Policymakers' Discourses On Boundary Work, Robert Hoppe
Scientific Advice And Public Policy: Expert Advisers' And Policymakers' Discourses On Boundary Work, Robert Hoppe
Robert Hoppe
No abstract provided.
Organizational And Institutional Influences On Creativity In Scientific Research, Thomas Heinze, Philip Shapira, Juan D. Rogers, Jacqueline M. Senker
Organizational And Institutional Influences On Creativity In Scientific Research, Thomas Heinze, Philip Shapira, Juan D. Rogers, Jacqueline M. Senker
Philip Shapira
This paper explores institutional and organizational influences on creativity in scientific research. Using a method for identifying creative scientific research accomplishments in two fields of science (nanotechnology and human genetics) in Europe and the US, the paper summarizes results derived from twenty case studies of highly creative research accomplishments, focusing on contextual patterns at the group, organizational, and institutional levels. We find that creative accomplishments are associated with small group size, organizational contexts with sufficient access to a complementary variety of technical skills, stable research sponsorship, timely access to extramural skills and resources, and facilitating leadership. A potential institutional threat …
Nanotechnology Development In Latin America, Luciano Kay, Philip Shapira
Nanotechnology Development In Latin America, Luciano Kay, Philip Shapira
Philip Shapira
This article investigates the development of nanotechnology in Latin America with a particular focus on Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. Based on data for nanotechnology research publications and patents and suggesting a framework for analyzing the development of R&D networks, we identify three potential strategies of nanotechnology research collaboration. Then, we seek to identify the balance of emphasis upon each of the three strategies by mapping the current research profile of those four countries. In general, we find that they are implementing policies and programs to develop nanotechnologies but differ in their collaboration strategies, institutional involvement, and level of development. …
Technological Diversity, Scientific Excellence And The Location Of Inventive Activities Abroad: The Case Of Nanotechnology, Andrea Fernández-Ribas, Philip Shapira
Technological Diversity, Scientific Excellence And The Location Of Inventive Activities Abroad: The Case Of Nanotechnology, Andrea Fernández-Ribas, Philip Shapira
Philip Shapira
Our contribution to the expanding literature on the globalization of research and innovation is to investigate the extent to which sector-specific developments in an emerging technology (such as increasing interdisciplinarity and complexity) affect inventive activities developed abroad. We look at how technological diversity and scientific excellence of host countries in the field of nanotechnology affect the development of inventive activities by US multinational companies (MNCs). We identify the most active US-based MNCs in nanotechnology-related patenting and examine location decisions of these companies and their international subsidiaries. Econometric results confirm our hypothesis that technological breadth of host countries positively influence the …
Die Zukunft Der Informationstechnik Ist GrüN, Michael Friedewald, Timo Leimbach
Die Zukunft Der Informationstechnik Ist GrüN, Michael Friedewald, Timo Leimbach
Michael Friedewald
No abstract provided.
Privacy, Trust And Policy-Making: Challenges And Responses, David Wright, Serge Gutwirth, Michael Friedewald, Paul De Hert, Marc Langheinrich, Anna Moscibroda
Privacy, Trust And Policy-Making: Challenges And Responses, David Wright, Serge Gutwirth, Michael Friedewald, Paul De Hert, Marc Langheinrich, Anna Moscibroda
Michael Friedewald
The authors contend that the emerging ubiquitous Information Society (aka ambient intelligence, pervasive computing, ubiquitous networking and so on) will raise many privacy and trust issues that are context-dependent. These issues will pose many challenges for policy- makers and stakeholders because people’s notions of privacy and trust are different and shifting. People’s attitudes towards privacy and protecting their personal data can vary significantly according to differing circumstances. In addition, notions of privacy and trust are changing over time. The authors provide numerous examples of the challenges facing policy-makers and identify some possible responses, but they see a need for improvements …
Primitive Accumulation And Re-Appropriation Of The Information Commons, Wilhelm Peekhaus
Primitive Accumulation And Re-Appropriation Of The Information Commons, Wilhelm Peekhaus
Wilhelm Peekhaus
This paper suggests that LIS might benefit from critical political economy as a way of theorizing and responding to enclosures of information commons. The autonomist Marxist re-invigoration of ‘primitive accumulation’ offers a register for apprehending contemporary erosions of the commons. Autonomist Marxism also helps conceptualize resistance to enclosures.