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Articles 1 - 30 of 163
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Table X Eidetic Analysis & Phenomenological Concepts, Rodger E. Broome Phd
Table X Eidetic Analysis & Phenomenological Concepts, Rodger E. Broome Phd
Rodger E. Broome
Justifying Racial Reform, Davison M. Douglas
Individual And Society: Sociological Social Psychology, Lizabeth A. Crawford, Katherine B. Novak
Individual And Society: Sociological Social Psychology, Lizabeth A. Crawford, Katherine B. Novak
Katherine B. Novak
"Unlike the few other texts for undergraduate sociological social psychology courses that present 3 distinct traditions (or "faces") ... Symbolic Interactionist (SI), Social Structure and Personality (SSP), and Group Processes and Structure (GPS) by topic alone, this text initially discusses these "faces" by research tradition, and emphasizes the different theoretical frameworks within which social psychological analyses are conducted. With this approach, the authors make clear the link between "face" of sociological social psychology, theory, and methodology. And students gain an appreciably better understanding of the field of sociological social psychology; how and why social psychologists trained in sociology ask particular …
"I'M A Srong Independent Black Woman": The Cost Of Strong Black Woman Schema Endorsement, Stephanie Castelin, Grace White
"I'M A Srong Independent Black Woman": The Cost Of Strong Black Woman Schema Endorsement, Stephanie Castelin, Grace White
Stephanie Castelin
The Origins Of Shared Intuitions Of Justice, Owen D. Jones, Paul H. Robinson, Robert Kurzban
The Origins Of Shared Intuitions Of Justice, Owen D. Jones, Paul H. Robinson, Robert Kurzban
Owen Jones
Contrary to the common wisdom among criminal law scholars, empirical evidence reveals that people's intuitions of justice are often specific, nuanced, and widely shared. Indeed, with regard to the core harms and evils to which criminal law addresses itself-physical aggression, takings without consent, and deception in transactions-the shared intuitions are stunningly consistent across cultures as well as demographics. It is puzzling that judgments of moral blameworthiness, which seem so complex and subjective, reflect such a remarkable consensus. What could explain this striking result?
The authors theorize that one explanation may be an evolved predisposition toward these shared intuitions of justice, …
Altered Emotional Interference Processing In The Amygdala And Insula In Women With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Steven E. Bruce, Katherine R. Buchholz, Wilson J. Brown, Laura Yan
Altered Emotional Interference Processing In The Amygdala And Insula In Women With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Steven E. Bruce, Katherine R. Buchholz, Wilson J. Brown, Laura Yan
Steven Bruce
Background: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is characterized by distinct behavioral and physiological changes. Given the significant impairments related to PTSD, examination of the biological underpinnings is crucial to the development of theoretical models and improved treatments of PTSD. Methods: We used an attentional interference task using emotional distracters to test for top-down versus bottom-up dysfunction in the interaction of cognitive-control circuitry and emotion-processing circuitry. A total of 32 women with PTSD (based on an interpersonal trauma) and 21 matched controls were tested. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was carried out as participants directly attended to, or attempted to ignore, fear-related …
Hiv Dna Reservoir Increases Risk For Cognitive Disorders In Cart-Nave Patients, Robert H. Paul, Victor G. Valcour, Jintanat Ananworanich, Melissa Agsalda
Hiv Dna Reservoir Increases Risk For Cognitive Disorders In Cart-Nave Patients, Robert H. Paul, Victor G. Valcour, Jintanat Ananworanich, Melissa Agsalda
Robert Paul
Objectives Cognitive impairment remains frequent in HIV, despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Leading theories implicate peripheral monocyte HIV DNA reservoirs as a mechanism for spread of the virus to the brain. These reservoirs remain present despite cART. The objective of this study was to determine if the level of HIV DNA in CD14+ enriched monocytes predicted cognitive impairment and brain injury. Methods We enrolled 61 cART-naïve HIV-infected Thais in a prospective study and measured HIV DNA in CD14+ enriched monocyte samples in a blinded fashion. We determined HAND diagnoses by consensus panel and all participants underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) …
Understanding Reported Cognitive Dysfunction In Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease, Robert H. Paul, John Gunstad, Ronald A. Cohen, David F.
Understanding Reported Cognitive Dysfunction In Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease, Robert H. Paul, John Gunstad, Ronald A. Cohen, David F.
Robert Paul
High HIV-1 DNA (HIV DNA) levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) correlate with HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD) in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). If this relationship also exists among HAART-naïve patients, then HIV DNA may be implicated in the pathogenesis of HAD. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between HIV DNA and cognition in subjects naïve to HAART in a neuro AIDS cohort in Bangkok, Thailand. Subjects with and without HAD were recruited and matched for age, gender, education, and CD4 cell count. PBMC and cellular subsets were analyzed for HIV DNA using real-time PCR. The median …
Application Of A Novel Quantitative Tractography Based Analysis Of Diffusion Tensor Imaging To Examine Fiber Bundle Length In Human Cerebral White Matter, Robert H. Paul, Laurie M. Baker, Ryan P. Cabeen, Sarah Cooley
Application Of A Novel Quantitative Tractography Based Analysis Of Diffusion Tensor Imaging To Examine Fiber Bundle Length In Human Cerebral White Matter, Robert H. Paul, Laurie M. Baker, Ryan P. Cabeen, Sarah Cooley
Robert Paul
This paper reviews basic methods and recent applications of length-based fiber bundle analysis of cerebral white matter using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is a dMRI technique that uses the random motion of water to probe tissue microstructure in the brain. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an extension of DWI that measures the magnitude and direction of water diffusion in cerebral white matter, using either voxel-based scalar metrics or tractography-based analyses. More recently, quantitative tractography based on diffusion tensor imaging (qtDTI) technology has been developed to help quantify aggregate structural anatomical properties of white matter fiber …
The Relationship Between Early Life Stress And Microstructural Integrity Of The Corpus Callosum In A Non-Clinical Population, Robert H. Paul, Lorrie Henry, Stuart M. Grieve, Thomas J. Guilmette
The Relationship Between Early Life Stress And Microstructural Integrity Of The Corpus Callosum In A Non-Clinical Population, Robert H. Paul, Lorrie Henry, Stuart M. Grieve, Thomas J. Guilmette
Robert Paul
Background: Previous studies have examined the impact of early life stress (ELS) on the gross morphometry of brain regions, including the corpus callosum. However, studies have not examined the relationship between ELS and the microstructural integrity of the brain. Previous studies have examined the impact of early life stress (ELS) on the gross morphometry of brain regions, including the corpus callosum. However, studies have not examined the relationship between ELS and the microstructural integrity of the brain. Methods: In the present study we evaluated this relationship in healthy non-clinical participants using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and self-reported history of ELS. …
Star: A Computerized Tutorial In General Psychology, Barbara S. Chaparro, Charles G. Halcomb
Star: A Computerized Tutorial In General Psychology, Barbara S. Chaparro, Charles G. Halcomb
Barbara S. Chaparro
This study investigated the use of a computerized tutorial--Self-Test and Review (STAR)--in a computer-managed general psychology course. STAR consists of four major modules which provide the student with a variety of learning exercises, including practice quizzes, practice final exams, performance reviews, and structured study questions. The purpose of the study was to determine whether students would choose STAR as a study tool, the effect of lecture versus self-paced settings on the use of STAR, whether students who used STAR would perform better than those who did not, and the effect of the timing of feedback in STAR on performance. Students …
Increased Attention And Memory For Beloved-Related Information During Infatuation: Behavioral And Electrophysiological Data, Sandra J. E. Langeslag, Jamie R. Oliver, Martine E. Köhlen, Ilse M. Nijs
Increased Attention And Memory For Beloved-Related Information During Infatuation: Behavioral And Electrophysiological Data, Sandra J. E. Langeslag, Jamie R. Oliver, Martine E. Köhlen, Ilse M. Nijs
Sandra Langeslag
Emotionally salient information is well attended and remembered. It has been shown that infatuated individuals have increased attention for their beloved. It is unknown whether this attention bias generalizes to information related to the beloved. Moreover, infatuated individuals report to remember trivial things about their beloved, but this has not yet been tested empirically. In two studies, we tested whether infatuated individuals have increased attention and memory for beloved-related information. In a passive viewing task (Study 1), the late positive potential, an event-related potential (ERP) component reflecting motivated attention, was enhanced for beloved-related vs friend-related words/phrases. In a recognition task …
Twila Wingrove.Jpg, Twila Wingrove
Disordered Or [Ab]Normal Eating In Pregnancy, Amy Bannatyne, Peta Stapleton, Roger Hughes, Bruce Watt
Disordered Or [Ab]Normal Eating In Pregnancy, Amy Bannatyne, Peta Stapleton, Roger Hughes, Bruce Watt
Peta B. Stapleton
Introduction: Pregnancy is a powerful biopsychosocial event that involves a multitude of rapid changes to a woman’s body, eating patterns, social functioning, and self identity – most of which are largely outside her control. Although it is well known that eating disorders and disordered eating disproportionally affect young women often during childbearing years, historically, scientific understanding of the intersection between pregnancy and eating disorders has been poor. Overall, it is known that pregnancy can impact an eating disorder in three main ways: 1) Pregnancy may function as a catalyst for remission 2) Pregnancy may exacerbate existing ED symptoms 3) Pregnancy …
Socially Assistive Robots: Current Status And Future Prospects For Autism Interventions, Darlene Crone-Todd, Laurie A. Dickstein-Fischer, Ian M. Chapman, Ayesha T. Fathima, Gregory S. Fischer
Socially Assistive Robots: Current Status And Future Prospects For Autism Interventions, Darlene Crone-Todd, Laurie A. Dickstein-Fischer, Ian M. Chapman, Ayesha T. Fathima, Gregory S. Fischer
Darlene Crone-Todd
Attitudes Towards Anorexia Nervosa: Volitional Stigma Differences In A Sample Of Pre-Clinical Medicine And Psychology Students, Amy Bannatyne, Peta Stapleton
Attitudes Towards Anorexia Nervosa: Volitional Stigma Differences In A Sample Of Pre-Clinical Medicine And Psychology Students, Amy Bannatyne, Peta Stapleton
Peta B. Stapleton
Background:
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a highly stigmatised condition, with treatment often involving multidisciplinary care. As such, understanding and comparing the attitudes of emerging mental health and medical professionals towards AN, within the content of sex-based differences, is pertinent to facilitate the development of targeted stigma interventions.
Aims:
Examine the volitional stigmatisation of AN in emerging medical and mental health professionals.
Method:
Participants (N = 126) were medical (n = 41) and psychology students (n = 85) who completed a range of attitudinal outcome measures (e.g. Causal Attributions Scale, Eating Disorder Stigma Scale, Opinions Scale, Characteristics Scale and Affective Reaction …
Policing Identities: Cop Decision Making And The Constitution Of Citizens, Trish Oberweis, Michael Musheno
Policing Identities: Cop Decision Making And The Constitution Of Citizens, Trish Oberweis, Michael Musheno
Michael Musheno
Examines police decision making by focusing on stories from 10 officers & drawing together contemporary thought about identities & police subculture. The inquiry suggests that police decision making is both improvisational & patterned. Cops are moral agents who tag people with identities as they project identities of their own. They engage in raw forms of division or stereotyping, marking some as Others to be feared & themselves as protectors of society, while exercising their coercive powers to punish "the bad." Due, in part, to the many ways that they identify themselves, cops also connect with people as unique individuals, including …
Symbolism And Incommensurability In Civil Sanctioning: Decision Makers As Goal Managers, Jennifer Robbennolt, John Darley, Robert Maccoun
Symbolism And Incommensurability In Civil Sanctioning: Decision Makers As Goal Managers, Jennifer Robbennolt, John Darley, Robert Maccoun
Robert MacCoun
No abstract provided.
I Knew It All Along, Unless I Had To Work To Learn What I Know, Harry Wallace, Michelle Chang, Patrick Carroll, Jodi Grace
I Knew It All Along, Unless I Had To Work To Learn What I Know, Harry Wallace, Michelle Chang, Patrick Carroll, Jodi Grace
Harry M. Wallace
After receiving knowledge regarding some topic, people usually overestimate their prior topic knowledge. Two experiments investigated whether people would claim less prior knowledge if they worked to earn their present knowledge. In Study 1, students finishing a psychology course claimed less precourse psychology knowledge if they reported devoting more effort toward the course. In Study 2, the knew-it-all-along effect was stronger for participants who were simply given the answers to questions than for participants who studied for 20 minutes to learn the answers. Both cognitive and motivational factors can account for the observed effects of effort investment on retrospective knowledge …
The Reflected Self: Creating Yourself As (You Think) Others See You, Dianne Tice, Harry Wallace
The Reflected Self: Creating Yourself As (You Think) Others See You, Dianne Tice, Harry Wallace
Harry M. Wallace
No abstract provided.
The Costs Of Exclusionary Practices In Women's Studies, Maxine Zinn, Lynn Weber, Elizabeth Higginbotham, Bonnie Dill
The Costs Of Exclusionary Practices In Women's Studies, Maxine Zinn, Lynn Weber, Elizabeth Higginbotham, Bonnie Dill
Lynn Weber
No abstract provided.
A Conceptual Framework For Understanding Race, Class, Gender, And Sexuality, Lynn Weber
A Conceptual Framework For Understanding Race, Class, Gender, And Sexuality, Lynn Weber
Lynn Weber
No abstract provided.
Alcohol, Pregnancy And The Developing Child, Sandra J. Kelly
Alcohol, Pregnancy And The Developing Child, Sandra J. Kelly
Sandra J. Kelly
No abstract provided.
Scene Classification By Fuzzy Local Moments, H. Cheng, Rutvik Desai
Scene Classification By Fuzzy Local Moments, H. Cheng, Rutvik Desai
Rutvik Desai
No abstract provided.
Parkinson’S Disease Disrupts Both Automatic And Controlled Processing Of Action Verbs, L. Fernandino, L. Conant, J. Binder, K. Blindauer, B. Hiner, K. Spangler, Rutvik Desai
Parkinson’S Disease Disrupts Both Automatic And Controlled Processing Of Action Verbs, L. Fernandino, L. Conant, J. Binder, K. Blindauer, B. Hiner, K. Spangler, Rutvik Desai
Rutvik Desai
No abstract provided.
Animal Cognition, Kristin Andrews, Ljiljana Radenovic
Animal Cognition, Kristin Andrews, Ljiljana Radenovic
Kristin Andrews, PhD
Debates in applied ethics about the proper treatment of animals often refer to empirical data about animal cognition, emotion, and behavior. In addition, there is increasing interest in the question of whether any nonhuman animal could be something like a moral agent.
Raising Narcissists: What Over-Approving Parents Can Learn From Philippians 2, A. Thornhill
Raising Narcissists: What Over-Approving Parents Can Learn From Philippians 2, A. Thornhill
A. Chadwick Thornhill
No abstract provided.
The Plight Of “Big Black Dogs” In American Animal Shelters: Color-Based Canine Discrimination, Amanda Leonard
The Plight Of “Big Black Dogs” In American Animal Shelters: Color-Based Canine Discrimination, Amanda Leonard
Amanda Leonard, MA
The paper begins by describing Big Black Dog Syndrome and its effects in shelters across the United States. I then discuss the physical and environmental factors that contribute to BBD Syndrome; Western symbolism associated with the color black, historical examples of black dogs as negative entities in Western culture, and the concept of “unconscious background checking,” which negatively impacts the adoption rates of BBDs. Lastly, I offer some suggestions as to how shelters in the United States can ameliorate the negative effects of BBD Syndrome.
The Lived-Experience Of Police Vehicle Pursuit: A Descriptive Phenomenological Psychological Study, Rodger E. Broome Phd, Taketo Tabata Phd
The Lived-Experience Of Police Vehicle Pursuit: A Descriptive Phenomenological Psychological Study, Rodger E. Broome Phd, Taketo Tabata Phd
Rodger E. Broome
The purpose of this article was to explore police officerʼs experiences during police vehicle pursuits. Interviews of three US police officers were conducted and the descriptive phenomenological psychological method was used to analyze their naive accounts of their lived-experiences. The psychological constituents of the experience of leading a successful chase and capture of a fleeing criminal found are: (1)Alert to Possible Car Chase,(2)Suspect Identified,(3)Anxiety and Excitement About the Chase,(4)Awareness of Primary Chase Role,(5)Radio Coordination with Others to Take Actions to Stop the Suspect,(6)Ongoing Evaluation of Chase Situation and Persistence,(7)Reading the SuspectʼsDriving Behaviors,(8)Car Chase Transition to a Coordinated Physical Capture, and(9)Making …
Goats, Crayons And Bananas – Creative Ways To Fight Student Stress, Conny Liegl
Goats, Crayons And Bananas – Creative Ways To Fight Student Stress, Conny Liegl
Conny Liegl
More than 80% of US college students report feeling overwhelmed and exhausted, almost half of whom describe their academic experience as traumatic or very difficult to handle. Stress, sleep difficulties and anxiety are just some of the symptoms that manifest in college students. Undergraduates seem particularly susceptible to these stressors, but only one in five seeks medical consultation for their issues. (American College Health Association [ACHA], 2013)
To help students react to external and internal stressors, California Polytechnic State University’s Robert E. Kennedy Library initiated a program to support students during the most stressful times of the academic quarter. With …