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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Are There Individual Differences In The Foreign Language Effect?, Rita Gross
Are There Individual Differences In The Foreign Language Effect?, Rita Gross
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
AbstractA foreign language effect (FLE) occurs when the language a problem is presented in influences its outcome (Keysar et al., 2012). So far, it has been unclear under which conditions the FLE appears (Driver, 2020; Dylman & Champoux-Larsson, 2020). One hundred and sixty-eight Arabic-English bilinguals from Prince Sultan University were presented with the Trolley Dilemma (a low-conflict, impersonal moral dilemma) and the Footbridge Dilemma (a high-conflict, personal moral dilemma) and responses to these dilemmas were measured on a slider indicating likeliness to take a suggested action. Participants saw Dilemmas either in a gain-frame or a loss-frame condition, and in either …
Maximization In Moderation : Finding The Optimal Level Of Maximizing Tendency, Shannon Pierce
Maximization In Moderation : Finding The Optimal Level Of Maximizing Tendency, Shannon Pierce
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Maximizing tendency is a decision making style in which an individual keeps a high standard for decisions. Research has shown conflicting results regarding the nature of maximizing tendency and various subjective outcomes. Extant research has shown maximizing tendency to be linearly related, both negatively and positively, to depression, optimism, life satisfaction and decision regret. Although measurement issues have been routinely blamed for the inconsistencies in these findings, this study posits that maximizing tendency is curvilinearly related to the subjective outcomes of decision regret, optimism, and life satisfaction, based on the Too Much of a Good Thing effect. It was hypothesized …
Measurement Invariance Of Maximizing Tendency Scales, Paige M. Foss
Measurement Invariance Of Maximizing Tendency Scales, Paige M. Foss
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The present research investigated the measurement invariance of two maximizing tendency scales; the Maximizing Scale (MS) and the Maximizing Tendency Scale (MTS), across three cultural and language multigroup comparisons. Archival data from 13 studies were analyzed (N = 6013) using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and an item response theory (IRT) technique. CFA results indicate that both measures are noninvariant at the metric level. IRT results indicated that the MTS had six items that exhibited differential item functioning, but at the test level, expected score differences are small, so researchers may be able to safely use the MTS at the …
Does Ego-Depletion Impair The Ability To Identify A Self-Control Conflict?, Jeffrey M. Osgood
Does Ego-Depletion Impair The Ability To Identify A Self-Control Conflict?, Jeffrey M. Osgood
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Research from the past fifteen years suggests that strong exertions of self-control in one instance cause self-control failure in subsequent instances. This phenomenon is called the “ego-depletion effect”. More recently, new theoretical and empirical advances in self-control research suggest a Two-Stage Model of self-control. During Stage One, individuals must identify the need to use self-control by recognizing a conflict between their current behavior and long-term goals, values, or social standards. In Stage Two, individuals must implement self-control strategies or willpower to bring current behavior in line with long-term goals, values, or social standards. To date, ego-depletion research has focused mostly …
Effects Of Acute Stress And Gender On Decision-Making, Stephanie Elaine Wemm
Effects Of Acute Stress And Gender On Decision-Making, Stephanie Elaine Wemm
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The current study examined the effects of a social stressor on subsequent performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and the role of sex on this relationship. Fifty-six participants (24 men and 32 women) were assigned randomly to a social stressor (Trier Social Stress Test) or a control condition while their subjective emotional reactions and their physiological arousal (skin conductance and heart rate) were measured. Findings showed that participants in the stress condition responded with higher skin-conductance levels and heart rate during the social stressor, in addition to reporting greater negative affect directly following the social stressor. They also made …
Essays On Applications Of Behavioral Decision Making In Public Management And Policy, Navid Ghaffarzadegan
Essays On Applications Of Behavioral Decision Making In Public Management And Policy, Navid Ghaffarzadegan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This is a three-essay dissertation on examination of behavioral decision making phenomena in the contexts of public management and policy analysis. I study how policymakers, government employees, and citizens behave, make decisions and learn from decision outcomes. I move toward prescriptive analysis and offer solutions that can improve government performance.
Resolving Incomparability, David Pinkowski
Resolving Incomparability, David Pinkowski
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
When confronted with an important choice between two very different options, an agent often will be at a loss as to how to decide between them. This is often true even if the agent has a good understanding of the pros and cons of each option, and even if she is committed to something like "the best overall decision for me." One way to analyze this situation is to assert that the options are incomparable for the agent. Incomparability arises when, for two options, it seems that one is neither better nor worse than, nor equal to, the other. If …
A Multiple Cue Threshold Learning Model Of Selection And Detection : Balancing Judgmental Accuracy With Threshold Learning, April M. Roggio
A Multiple Cue Threshold Learning Model Of Selection And Detection : Balancing Judgmental Accuracy With Threshold Learning, April M. Roggio
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Selection and detection problems represent some of the most challenging decision making tasks, especially in the fields of health and medicine. In a population of pregnant women, who is a candidate for a cesarean delivery? Does this mammogram indicate the presence of cancer? Should antibiotics be prescribed for this illness? We must judge