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Articles 1 - 30 of 45
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Where Is My Mind? The Who, What, And Where Of Mind Wandering At Work, Anthony Belluccia
Where Is My Mind? The Who, What, And Where Of Mind Wandering At Work, Anthony Belluccia
Theses and Dissertations
Mind wandering is a phenomenon often tackled by cognitive psychologists and overlooked by organizational psychologists, despite numbers suggesting that disengaged employees cost organizations $550 billion a year. Mind wandering is a demonstrated disruptor to cognitive processes like reading and working memory capacity that impair performance but may also be helpful for creative problem solving and autobiographical planning. Despite this, extant research has yet to develop a framework for the antecedents of mind wandering, there are still gaps in our understanding of workplace implications of mind wandering, and it is typically treated as a monolithic construct, ignoring dimensionality. The current research …
Communion, Agency, And Authenticity: How Gendered Expectations Influence Trust In Leaders, Allyson Day Pagan
Communion, Agency, And Authenticity: How Gendered Expectations Influence Trust In Leaders, Allyson Day Pagan
Theses and Dissertations
While there are a great many benefits to increasing female numbers in leadership positions, organizations still struggle to find a place for women leaders. More research is required to examine leader skills and mechanisms through which they operate in order to facilitate women’s empowerment. The purpose of the current study was to examine leadership skills (political skill), behaviors (impression management and emotion management) and their outcomes (authentic leadership and trust in leader) in the context of gender. This study examined interpersonal emotion management as an increasingly important construct for leadership and social influence, incorporating it as an outcome of political …
Evaluating A Graduated Exposure Treatment To Teach Mask Tolerance Among Children With Autism, Hallie Marie Ertel
Evaluating A Graduated Exposure Treatment To Teach Mask Tolerance Among Children With Autism, Hallie Marie Ertel
Theses and Dissertations
Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends that everyone 2 years and older wear a mask while out in a community setting (CDC, 2020a). It is important for children to learn how to tolerate wearing a mask for long durations of time while out in the community. In the current study, which was comprised of 2 experiments, we implemented a graduated exposure procedure to teach mask wearing to 6 children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The purpose of experiment 1 was to evaluate the efficacy of a graduated exposure procedure to teach mask tolerance …
Disparity And Applicant Faking Behaviors: How Comparison With The Ideal Applicant Affects Faking?, Yadi Yang
Disparity And Applicant Faking Behaviors: How Comparison With The Ideal Applicant Affects Faking?, Yadi Yang
Theses and Dissertations
Applicant faking behavior (AFB) on personality measures remains a major concern in selection context. This study introduces a new construct of “disparity” which captures the difference between individuals’ self-evaluation personality score and the perceived ideal applicants’ personality score. Based on the Perceptual Control Theory (PTC), applicant will generate intention to fake in order to close the perceptional gap between an ideal applicant and themselves to increase their chances of getting hired. The study distinguishes intention to fake and actual faking behaviors as two separate constructs. Specifically, the study empirically examined the effect of disparity on applicant faking behaviors through intention …
A Systematic Quantitative Review Of Effective Implementation Of Self-Monitoring (1983-2020), Mary Louise Lewis
A Systematic Quantitative Review Of Effective Implementation Of Self-Monitoring (1983-2020), Mary Louise Lewis
Theses and Dissertations
A systematic quantitative review was conducted to analyze articles using self-monitoring in the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management (JOBM) from 1983 to present. Specifically, the diversity of characteristics used when implementing a self-monitoring procedure were examined along with the effects produced in order to determine the most effective components of a self-monitoring intervention. Results indicate a combination of other interventions are used substantially more compared to self-monitoring as a sole intervention. Moreover, results from this particular sample of studies demonstrated that a combination of variables led to more consistent effects than when self-monitoring was applied as a sole intervention. However, …
Mathematics That Clarify Slope & Scale, Help Set Standards, And Improve Interrater Agreement On Time-Series Graphs, Chad Erick Liming Kinney
Mathematics That Clarify Slope & Scale, Help Set Standards, And Improve Interrater Agreement On Time-Series Graphs, Chad Erick Liming Kinney
Theses and Dissertations
This paper introduces new mathematic equations that clarify slope and scale and help overcome difficulties with visually interpreting slopes (or trends)--a significant culprit of poor interrater agreement (IRA) of graphed data. Three experiments tested applications of the equations and demonstrated the following results: (a) Graphic Variability Quotient (GVQ) manipulation strongly predicts viewer ratings (and accuracy) of behavior change, β = .895, R2 = .801, (b) mathematical standards that control the inherent variability in non-standard graphs can be empirically based (to facilitate reliable visual comparison), and (c) visual aids posted on graphs, such as angles of inclination and a simple slope …
Analysis Of Sex Offender Subgroups Using The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory- Second Edition- Restructured Form (Mmpi-2-Rf), Isabella Campanini
Analysis Of Sex Offender Subgroups Using The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory- Second Edition- Restructured Form (Mmpi-2-Rf), Isabella Campanini
Theses and Dissertations
The current study aimed to expand the existing literature on sex offenders with regards to personality and psychological dysfunction, by comparing specific subgroups of sex offenders using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory- Second Edition- Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). Archival data from a sample of N = 244 adult male sex offenders was grouped based on four characteristic variables: offense type (contact vs. noncontact), relationship to the victim (familial vs. nonfamilial), victim age (younger vs. older), and the presence or absence of a personality disorder diagnosis or features. MANOVA and ANOVA results demonstrated that contact offenders scored significantly higher than noncontact offenders …
Stress, Burnout, And Experiential Avoidance In Clinical Psychology Doctoral Students, Katie Marie Connor
Stress, Burnout, And Experiential Avoidance In Clinical Psychology Doctoral Students, Katie Marie Connor
Theses and Dissertations
Research has shown that clinical psychology doctoral students experience stress and burnout, with attempts to moderate their experience utilizing various coping skills. The current study aimed to expand the literature on stress and burnout in clinical psychology doctoral students and the impact of experiential avoidance as a coping style. The current study surveyed clinical psychology doctoral students on their integration of experiential avoidance, as well as various coping styles, to mitigate stress and burnout. COVID-19 data and descriptive statistics were gathered as well. A correlational analysis and dependent sample t-test were conducted to understand the relationships between variables. The results …
1, 2, Or 3 In A Hat? How A Human-Agent Team’S Composition Affects Trust And Cooperation, Dan Manh Nguyen
1, 2, Or 3 In A Hat? How A Human-Agent Team’S Composition Affects Trust And Cooperation, Dan Manh Nguyen
Theses and Dissertations
Modern advances in technology have enabled a collaborative relationship between man and machine. Many industries have adopted these human-agent teams, yet human perceptions about technology may prevent them from adopting a teammate mentality when interacting with agents. Although many studies have researched the issue, few have studied how the human to agent ratio within a team influences how the person intends to interact with their agent team members. Grounded in the theory of planned behavior (Azjen, 1985), this study elucidates how a team’s composition affects the trust of human team members in human-agent teams and their subsequent intentions to work …
Feedback And Social Comparison: The Effects Of Comparing One’S Performance To The Group, Ryan Joseph Walz
Feedback And Social Comparison: The Effects Of Comparing One’S Performance To The Group, Ryan Joseph Walz
Theses and Dissertations
Although feedback has been shown to improve performance, few studies have examined the effect of feedback containing information on peer performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of feedback on individual performance and feedback containing information on peer performance. Three participants were exposed to a no-feedback baseline condition, a standard individual feedback condition, and an individual feedback condition with information on the group’s average performance. The dependent variable was the rate of correct responses on a computer-based simulated work task. Withdrawal designs were used to evaluate the effect of the two types of feedback on performance. …
Biracial And Bicultural Identity Formation: Lessons Garnered From Sense Of Belonging And Code-Switching In Fostering Optimal Psychological Wellbeing And Mental Health, Kimberly Foley
Theses and Dissertations
In an era of systemized racial discrimination, the U.S.A. is in search of resolution to ameliorate the chronic racial divide, which has led to the declaration of racism being a public physical and mental health issue. The national epidemic of racism has given way to cultural health disparities for People of Color (POCs) that require our urgent attention as a nation, which are attributed to racial trauma that compromises POCs physical and psychological wellbeing. The belief that the answer to resolve the racial health crisis and racial divide may lie in the achievement of a healthy and developed biracial/bicultural identity. …
The Negative Effects Of Interruptions On Job Performance And Affective Well-Being, Christopher James Juszczyk
The Negative Effects Of Interruptions On Job Performance And Affective Well-Being, Christopher James Juszczyk
Theses and Dissertations
Workplace interruptions are an increasingly prominent and potentially consequential issue. Most studies have found that interruptions can have serious negative consequences for both job performance and affective well-being. However, very little research has examined the specific effects of internal and external interruptions. In addition, there has been limited research on factors that may mitigate the effects of interruptions. This study examined these issues, focusing on (a) the effects of internal and external interruptions on both job performance and affective well-being as well as (b) polychronicity, contingent planning, and task-switching ability as moderators of these relationships. The study involved two major …
The Impact Of Childhood Sexual Abuse On Adulthood Eating Disorders: When Healthy Eating Becomes Unhealthy, Audryn Andreoli
The Impact Of Childhood Sexual Abuse On Adulthood Eating Disorders: When Healthy Eating Becomes Unhealthy, Audryn Andreoli
Theses and Dissertations
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; 2020c) estimated that approximately 3.7 million children experience childhood sexual abuse (CSA) every year in the United States. CSA is a significant issue associated with negative psychosocial and health-related outcomes, including eating disorders (Afifi et al., 2017). While there has been substantial research completed regarding CSA and eating disorders, there is a significant gap in the literature regarding Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) and CSA. The present study sought to determine whether CSA is a risk factor ON and determine the relationship between frequency of occurrence of CSA, sex, race, previous eating disorder diagnosis, …
The Effects Of Exaggerated Social Comparison Feedback On Work Performance, Michael Patrick Cusick
The Effects Of Exaggerated Social Comparison Feedback On Work Performance, Michael Patrick Cusick
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exaggerated social comparison feedback on work performance in an analogue setting. Following their first 15-minute session working on a simulated money transfer task, participants in the two experimental conditions received objective feedback, but one group received rank feedback understating their performance, while the other group received overstated rank feedback. Participants then performed the task again to evaluate potential changes in performance based on this feedback. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted to measure differences in the number of correctly completed money transfers, percent of correctly completed money transfers, …
Assessment And Function-Based Treatment Of Elopement In Children With Autism, Marissa Elizabeth Kamlowsky
Assessment And Function-Based Treatment Of Elopement In Children With Autism, Marissa Elizabeth Kamlowsky
Theses and Dissertations
Elopement is a dangerous behavior exhibited by some individuals with autism, and accurately identifying the function of elopement is important to develop successful treatments. Functional analyses for elopement have been developed to mimic contingencies appearing in the natural environment; however, some of these analyses are limited by the required retrieval component. The current study replicated previous research which used a latency-based functional analysis that eliminates the retrieval component in order to safely and more precisely identify the function of elopement. In addition, we extended previous latency-based research by evaluating a treatment to reduce elopement. Specifically, we evaluated latency-based functional analyses …
Resume Ratings: The Influence Of Rater Individual Differences, Emily Ann Frye
Resume Ratings: The Influence Of Rater Individual Differences, Emily Ann Frye
Theses and Dissertations
Resumes remain a popular selection tool in practice but are rarely researched. Moreover, little is known about how much variability is present across resume ratings and how much of that variability may be attributed to the resume rater’s own individual differences. Therefore, the present study aims to address these issues by investigating the influence of resume raters’ characteristics on resume hirability and personality ratings. More specifically, drawing from the lens model and related research, the present study examines the association between resume rater personality, dispositional intelligence, gender, experience, and cognitive ability and hirability and personality ratings. Using a cross-sectional survey …
Together We Can An Analysis Of Barriers To Women In Leadership And The Unique Challenges Facing Women Of Color, Alexandria Redmond
Together We Can An Analysis Of Barriers To Women In Leadership And The Unique Challenges Facing Women Of Color, Alexandria Redmond
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to examine and develop a scale on the current challenges facing women in leadership while giving special attention to the unique challenges facing women of color in leadership. The current study is the first of a multi-study scale development project for the Perceived Barriers to Women Leaders Scale (PBWLS). This paper aims to bring together literature on gender and ethnic differences in leadership and obstacles for women and women of color in attaining high-level positions in the workforce, and it also seeks to address measurement gaps in the literature. The final sample included 161 …
An Assessment Protocol For Tolerating Medical Procedures: Evaluating Operant And Physiological Behaviors, Ansley Catherine Hodges
An Assessment Protocol For Tolerating Medical Procedures: Evaluating Operant And Physiological Behaviors, Ansley Catherine Hodges
Theses and Dissertations
All individuals, regardless of age, race, gender, or diagnosis, must learn to tolerate and/or participate in routine medical procedures (e.g., wellness exams, dental cleaning, blood draws). For some individuals, tolerating medical procedures can be a particularly onerous task. Specifically, individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience more frequent difficulties with treatment adherence. With this population, a variety of techniques have been empirically demonstrated to increase cooperation with medical routines. However, no studies have reported changes in physiological behavior throughout training, and only a few studies have reported data on problem behavior. Several studies used graduated exposure or a hierarchy of the …
Break Interrupted: The Role Of Interruptions To Work Breaks In Momentary Recovery Outcomes, Alyssa Michels
Break Interrupted: The Role Of Interruptions To Work Breaks In Momentary Recovery Outcomes, Alyssa Michels
Theses and Dissertations
Taking breaks at work can provide beneficial well-being and workplace outcomes through on-the-job recovery experiences, yet research suggests there may be specific break characteristics or individual differences influencing break effectiveness. In order to further elucidate the mechanisms contributing to the effectiveness of breaks during work hours, the present study examined the role interruptions to work breaks play in the relationship between work breaks and both recovery experiences and outcomes. Using an experience-sampling methodology, participants recorded three break experiences while at work. Results show work breaks predict a reduction in negative affect and that interruptions to these work breaks weaken this …
Who Emerges As A Leader? A Study On Cultural Values, Citizenship, And Trust, Jacklyn Marie Scymcyk
Who Emerges As A Leader? A Study On Cultural Values, Citizenship, And Trust, Jacklyn Marie Scymcyk
Theses and Dissertations
In this study peer and supervisor perceptions of emergent leaders were assessed in order to better understand and predict leader emergence. Using two moderated mediation models, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB-I and OCB-O) of emergent leaders were hypothesized to predict leader emergence via peer and supervisor trust, respectively. It was hypothesized that these perceptions and the subsequent leader emergence will be moderated by peers and supervisors’ cultural values. Namely, Benevolence and Achievement Values from the Schwartz Basic Values Theory were proposed moderators on the relationship between OCBs and trust, due to the impact cultural values have on varied perceptions of different …
16pf Couples Counseling Report: Predictors Of Marital Satisfaction, Personality Similarity, And Relationship Adjustment Among Spouses Of Female Combat Veterans Following Deployment, Julian Enrique Vives
16pf Couples Counseling Report: Predictors Of Marital Satisfaction, Personality Similarity, And Relationship Adjustment Among Spouses Of Female Combat Veterans Following Deployment, Julian Enrique Vives
Theses and Dissertations
The current literature regarding military populations often neglects the difficulties the spouses of service members face with less emphasis on male spouses of female service members. The current research project utilized the 16 Personality Factor Couple’s Counseling Report (16PF CCR) variables to aid in expounding the factors that influence relationship functioning among male spouses of female combat veterans post-deployment. The results of the present study demonstrated a significant correlation between the nine satisfaction scores and the Overall Marital Satisfaction score, whereby Caring and Affection accounted for the majority of the variance explained in Overall Marital Satisfaction. Tension (Factor Q4) significantly …
16pf Couples Counseling Report: Predictors Of Marital Satisfaction, Personality Similarity And Relationship Adjustment Of Clinical Vs. Non-Clinical Male Spouses, Jovany Avendano
Theses and Dissertations
The present study utilized the 16 Personality Factor Couple’s Counseling Report (16PF-CCR) to contribute to the current paucity of research evaluating group differences between males receiving marital therapy and non-clinical males on personality factors which may influence marital satisfaction and relationship adjustment. Results were obtained from a total of 107 heterosexual males who have either received marital counseling or not (53 Non-Clinical and 54 Clinical). Statistically significant group membership differences were found in the Primary Personality Factors, including Warmth and Vigilance; however, there were no significant findings in the Global Personality Factors. Group differences were similarly observed when evaluating the …
Toward The Development Of A Practitioner-Friendly Delay Tolerance Assessment And Treatment For Typically-Developing Children, Kaitlynn Mary Gokey
Toward The Development Of A Practitioner-Friendly Delay Tolerance Assessment And Treatment For Typically-Developing Children, Kaitlynn Mary Gokey
Theses and Dissertations
Delay discounting is the decrease in the value of a reinforcer as a function of the delay to the delivery of the reinforcer. Individuals who exhibit steep delay discounting are commonly referred to as ‘impulsive’ and are at a greater risk of behavior problems such as poor academic performance, addiction, and excessive risk-taking. One effective intervention is a concurrent activity, in which the individual must complete a task demand during the waiting period. Rules and rulegoverned behavior also play a critical role in improving delay discounting rates across populations, and may be used as an intervention to promote self-controlled responses. …
Different Paths, Same Destination? Comparison Between Two Approaches To Developing Situational Judgment Tests On Cross Cultural Competency, Xiaowen Chen
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on developing SJTs to measure an individual’s cross-cultural competency, and comparing the two SJT development approaches in terms of development costs, reliability, validity, susceptibility to social desirability, and test-taker reactions. In the first phase, the two 3C SJTs were developed with the model-based approach and the SME-driven approach respectively. In the second phase, data were collected to examine the reliability and validity of the two SJTs. Both 3C SJTs demonstrated acceptable reliability (αSME = .72; αmodel =.70), and convergent to CQS (rSME = .35, p < .01; rmodel = . 24, p < .01). The SJTs psychometric properties were further examined in the third phase, wherein the SJTs displayed similar reliability and were convergent to CQS. Both SJTs predicted satisfaction with overseas life (βSME = .24, p < .01; βmodel = .18, p < .05) and sociocultural adaptability (βSME = -.20, p < .05; βmodel = -.21, p < .05), meanwhile, only having none or small correlation with satisfaction with general life (rSME = .10, n.s. and rmodel = .19, p < .05). The SME-driven SJT outperformed the model-based SJT and CQS in predicting the actual multicultural team performance that was rated by peers (βSME = .26, p < .05; βmodel = - .04, n.s.; βCQs = .01, n.s.). The utility of the two SJT development approaches, implications, future research directions and limitations were discussed in the end.
Effects Of Contemplative Practice Applications On Learning With An Adaptive Training System, Melissa Marie Walwanis
Effects Of Contemplative Practice Applications On Learning With An Adaptive Training System, Melissa Marie Walwanis
Theses and Dissertations
This study sought to test the impact of the contemplative practices of guided mindfulness and more traditional mindfulness compared to a standard educational practices control condition, on learning. Guided mindfulness practices are embedded concentrative psychoeducational practices of contingency planning and guided reflection that are systematically sequenced in experiential learning contexts. Traditional mindfulness practices are embodied interoceptive practices such as diaphragmatic breathing, mindfulness meditation, and body scan used in a generalized sense. The control condition standard educational practices include note taking and learning styles. By engaging learners in an embedded psychoeducational practice and embodied interoceptive practices, this study sought to: 1) …
Determinants Of Safety Outcomes In Organizations: Exploring O*Net Data To Predict Occupational Accident Rates, Lavanya Shravan Kumar
Determinants Of Safety Outcomes In Organizations: Exploring O*Net Data To Predict Occupational Accident Rates, Lavanya Shravan Kumar
Theses and Dissertations
Workplace safety is of utmost importance given the regular occurrence of both fatal and nonfatal occupational injuries all around the world. Although research in this area is hugely prevalent, it is focused mainly on safety climate and lacks an integrated approach when examining predictors of safety outcomes. The development of an occupational risk factor that predicts safety outcomes will aid in understanding the relative importance of different factors that contribute to safety and help organizations target their safety programs and interventions efficiently. The present study is an exploratory analysis utilizing publicly available O*NET data (work activities, work context features, and …
“Say Something!”: Examining The Bystander In Sexual Harassment, Lida Ponce
“Say Something!”: Examining The Bystander In Sexual Harassment, Lida Ponce
Theses and Dissertations
This research addresses the problem of sexual harassment in the workplace. Past research on harassment has primarily investigated the victim and the perpetrator, with limited research on bystanders in these events. However, bystanders can play an important role in the occurrence and outcomes of harassment by speaking up and intervening, particularly when the victim is too intimidated to do so. Therefore, this research examined this issue, focusing on factors influencing bystander intentions to intervene in sexual harassment incidents. Specifically, drawing from the Cognitive-Affective Processing System approach (Mischel & Shoda, 1995), this study investigated the construct of give/take/match (Grant, 2013) as …
Leading Together: Exploring Conditions For Shared Leadership Emergence In Teams, Charles Percy Reed Scott
Leading Together: Exploring Conditions For Shared Leadership Emergence In Teams, Charles Percy Reed Scott
Theses and Dissertations
Modern workplaces require complex teamwork and leadership behaviors to innovate and achieve their goals effectively. Research has found that one of the best ways to help improve team collaboration and performance is to foster shared leadership across the team members. However, little research has been conducted to determine what factors actually drive the emergence of shared leadership in teams. This archival study examines the possible factors and pathways that lead to shared leadership emerging within teams. The data from sixty-six (66) three-person teams was used. Each team member had to collaborate to successfully complete a simulated spaceship bridge task. Six …
Examining The Impact Of Illicit Drug Use On Prescribed Psychotropic Medication Adherence, Lauren Natalie Stroker
Examining The Impact Of Illicit Drug Use On Prescribed Psychotropic Medication Adherence, Lauren Natalie Stroker
Theses and Dissertations
The ever-increasing rates of prescription drug utilization in the United States, coupled with the high rates of non-adherence to psychotropic medications by patients, makes this area of research an increasingly important field of study. Previous studies have elucidated the critical factor medication adherence plays in the effectiveness of treatment and overall clinical outcomes for patients and the deleterious effect of non-adherence; one of them being substance (ab)use. The present study was conducted in an effort to add to the existing literature examining medication nonadherence and substance use. The current study looked to expand the research examining the relationship between substance …
Health Risk Perceptions Regarding Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (Ends) And Secondhand Exposure Behaviors Among U.S. Student Military Veterans, Katie Alexandra Bartley
Health Risk Perceptions Regarding Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (Ends) And Secondhand Exposure Behaviors Among U.S. Student Military Veterans, Katie Alexandra Bartley
Theses and Dissertations
Student veterans are at high risk for electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use and for exposing others to secondhand vape. This study examined student veterans’ health risk perceptions of ENDS use and their association with implementing vaping restrictions in their homes and vehicles. The study included 256 veterans who were 18 years of age or older, were attending higher education in the United States, and who endorsed being a current smoker (n = 105; 41%), a current ENDS user (n = 79; 30.9%), or a current dual user (n = 72; 28.1%). The sample included 187 men (Mage = 31.73), …