Psychology Commons^™

Comparing Rapid Scene Categorization Of Aerial And Terrestrial Views: A New Perspective On Scene Gist, Lester C. Loschky, Ryan V. Ringer, Katrina Ellis, Bruce C. Hansen

Psychology Faculty Publications

Scene gist, a viewer's holistic representation of a scene from a single eye fixation, has been extensively studied for terrestrial views, but not for aerial views. We compared rapid scene categorization of both views in three experiments to determine the degree to which diagnostic information is view dependent versus view independent. We found large differences in observers' ability to rapidly categorize aerial and terrestrial scene views, consistent with the idea that scene gist recognition is viewpoint dependent. In addition, computational modeling showed that training models on one view (aerial or terrestrial) led to poor performance on the other view, thereby …

Effects Of Amphetamine On Striatal Dopamine Release, Open-Field Activity, And Play In Fischer 344 And Sprague–Dawley Rats, Stephen M. Siviy, Lana S. Mcdowell, Samantha R. Eck, Alexandra Turano, Garnik Akopian, John P. Walsh

Psychology Faculty Publications

Previous work from our laboratories has shown that juvenile Fischer 344 (F344) rats are less playful than other strains and also appear to be compromised in dopamine (DA) functioning. To determine whether the dysfunctional play in this strain is associated with deficits in the handling and delivery of vesicular DA, the following experiments assessed the extent to which F344 rats are differentially sensitive to the effects of amphetamine. When exposed to amphetamine, striatal slices obtained from F344 rats showed a small increase in unstimulated DA release when compared with slices from Sprague–Dawley rats; they also showed a more rapid high …

It’S All In How You Use It: Managers’ Use Of Meetings To Reduce Employee Intentions To Quit, Joseph E. Mroz, Joseph A. Allen

Psychology Faculty Publications

Meetings are often viewed as unnecessary, wastes of time, and overall negative experiences at work. In this study, we examined the positive side of meetings, specifically, how the relationship a manager fosters with subordinates in meetings affects those employees’ intentions to quit (ITQ). Using an online survey of working adults who regularly attended meetings, we found that the relation between perceived organizational support (POS) and leader–member exchange (LMX) quality in meetings on ITQ depended on an employee’s level of negative affectivity (NA). When POS or LMX in meetings was low or average, high-NA employees held significantly higher ITQ than low-NA …

Does Generating Multiple Ideas Lead To Increased Creativity? A Comparison Of Generating One Idea Vs. Many, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Nicholas J. Arreola

Psychology Faculty Publications

Recent findings in creativity research suggest that how creativity is operationalized may have a profound influence on theories of creative production. In this study, two paradigms—divergent thinking and creative problem solving—were compared on several indices of creativity while keeping the problem constant. Participants were students from a Midwestern University and received extra credit for participation. Ideas were rated for quality, originality, and elaboration, and compared across the 2 approaches. The results of this study indicated that participants that generated a single solution to a problem generated solutions of higher average and participant selected best quality, originality, and elaboration. Participants that …

The Effect Of Motivation And Positive Affect On Ego Depletion: Replenishment Versus Release Mechanism, Ze Zhu, Jian Li, Bo Zhang, Ye Li, Houcan Zhang

Psychology Faculty Publications

In this study, 2 experiments were conducted to investigate whether motivation and positive affect can alleviate ego depletion and to elucidate their possible mechanisms. In Experiment 1, a crossing-out-letter task was adapted to reach an ego depletion state for Chinese participants. Participants were then randomly assigned to the extrinsic motivation group, the positive affect group or the depletion control group. After the experimental treatment, a dumbbell task was used to measure participants' remaining self-regulatory resources. The results showed that participants in the motivation and positive affect groups performed better on the dumbbell task than participants in the depletion control group. …

Factors Influencing The Impact Of Aggressive And Violent Media On Children And Adolescents, Ashlee M. Wiedeman, Jacqueline A. Black, Autumn L. Dolle, Emmanuel J. Finney, Kendell L. Coker

Psychology Faculty Publications

The influence of aggressive and violent media on children and adolescents has been a topic of concern for several decades. Research on this topic has suggested that both short term and long term exposure to aggressive/violent media can negatively impact this population. The purpose of this literature review is to discuss relevant research on the topic and examine various factors that may impact the risk of being influenced by this type of media. These factors can include time spent viewing media, content of the media viewed, gender, age, psychological characteristics, family, and peers. Various theoretical approaches to explaining the influence …

Behavioral Response To Threat (Brtt) As A Key Behavior For Sexual Assault Risk Reduction Intervention: A Critical Review, Raeann E. Anderson, Shawn P. Cahill

Psychology Faculty Publications

Despite extensive research on sexual assault, study of the processes and behaviors central to responding to sexual assault threats is limited. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical, narrative review of the literature on behavioral response to threat (BRTT) highlighting BRTT as mechanism of self-defense interventions and process of sexual victimization. Empirical findings regarding measurement, styles, effectiveness of different styles of BRTT, and facilitators and barriers of BRTT, are reviewed. Most individuals engage in some type of active behavior when faced with a sexual assault threat; yet, the range of the behaviors elicited can be broad and …

Compliance: Film About A Real-Life Milgram Experiment, Christina J. Taylor, Ryan Bushman, Lori Gwilliam, Michael Novis, Johanna Tiarks

Psychology Faculty Publications

The film, Compliance, tells the story of a real-life Milgram experiment in which strip-search scams were perpetrated in USA fast-food restaurants. A pilot study was carried out to explore the appropriateness of the film for classroom instruction about the psychology of obedience to authority. Participants with more knowledge about Milgram's research were significantly more likely to endorse use of the film than the less knowledgeable participants. Results suggest that substantive instruction on obedience to authority is a prerequisite to using Compliance in the classroom.

Self-Reported Barriers To Treatment Engagement: Adolescent Perspectives From The National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (Ncs-A), Amy Sylwestrzak, Chelsea E. Overholt, Kelly I. Ristau, Kendell L. Coker

Psychology Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to assess youth self-reported treatment barriers in the past 12 months to obtain youth’s perspective on reasons they seek treatment, do not engage in treatment, or terminate treatment. The present study uses data from the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), a nationally representative survey administered to youth ages 13–18 that was conducted between February 1, 2001 and January 30, 2004. A total of 10,123 youth participated in the NCS-A study and provided the information on which the current paper draws its data. Within the past 12 months over 63 % of youth reported seeking …

Marmosets Treated With Oxytocin Are More Socially Attractive To Their Long-Term Mate, Jon Cavanaugh, Michelle C. Huffman, April M. Harnisch, Jeffrey French

Psychology Faculty Publications

Adult male-female bonds are partly characterized by initiating and maintaining close proximity with a social partner, as well as engaging in high levels of affiliative and sociosexual behavior. Oxytocin (OXT), a neuromodulatory nonapeptide, plays a critical role in the facilitation of social bonding and prosocial behavior toward a social partner (Feldman, 2012). However, less attention has been given to whether augmentation of OXT levels in an individual alters others’ perceptions and behavior toward an OXT-treated social partner. We examined social dynamics in well-established male-female pairs of marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) in which one member of the pair was …

Revising Siop’S Guidelines For Education And Training Graduate Program Director Survey Results, Stephanie C. Payne, Whitney Botsford Morgan, Joseph A. Allen

Psychology Faculty Publications

SIOP commissioned the Education and Training Committee to revise the Guidelines for Education and Training at the Master’s and Doctoral Levels in Industrial-Organizational Psychology. As a part of that effort, the committee sent a survey to all the directors of graduate programs in industrial and organizational psychology and related fields per SIOP records.

To identify who to send the survey to, the following three lists of e-mail addresses were compiled and cross-referenced resulting in 317 potential respondents: (a) points of contact within SIOP’s Graduate Training Program database, (b) respondents to the 2011 SIOP program benchmarking survey (Tett, et al., 2012), …

No Place For Incivility, Emma Macmillan, Mahima Saxena

Psychology Faculty Publications

When the National Science Foundation released a report suggesting that mistreatment or incivility in the workplace may be a reason why women leave STEM fields, Mahima Saxena felt compelled to dig deeper. Saxena, assistant professor of psychology in the Industrial-Organizational Psychology program at Illinois Tech, wanted to better understand the experience of being a target of workplace incivility for women in science, technology, engineering, and math fields.

2015 Year In Review, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez

Psychology Faculty Publications

The crisp air of fall is settling in nicely as Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research’s editorial team puts the last issue of the year “to bed.” Psi Chi Journal continues making important strides toward meeting its two-prong mission to educate, support, and promote professional development, and to disseminate psychological science. This editorial provides a year in review for our readers, focusing on these two areas of our mission.

Coping With Technological Overload, Jasmin Tahmaseb-Mcconatha

Psychology Faculty Publications

Is your job placing too many technological demands on you? Technology overload is often mentioned as one important area of stress, especially for older workers. Older workers often find technology change and overload a source of stress.

Developmental Time Course Of Peripheral Cross‐Modal Sensory Interaction Of The Trigeminal And Gustatory Systems, Jacquelyn M. Omelian, Marissa J. Berry, Adam M. Gomez, Kristi L. Apa, Suzanne I. Sollars

Psychology Faculty Publications

Few sensory modalities appear to engage in cross‐modal interactions within the peripheral nervous system, making the integrated relationship between the peripheral gustatory and trigeminal systems an ideal model for investigating cross‐sensory support. The present study examined taste system anatomy following unilateral transection of the trigeminal lingual nerve (LX) while leaving the gustatory chorda tympani intact. At 10, 25, or 65 days of age, rats underwent LX with outcomes assessed following various survival times. Fungiform papillae were classified by morphological feature using surface analysis. Taste bud volumes were calculated from histological sections of the anterior tongue. Differences in papillae morphology were …

Voting At Home Is Associated With Lower Cortisol Than Voting At The Polls, Jayme Neiman, Karl Giuseffi, Kevin Smith, Jeffrey French, Israel Waismel-Manor, John Hibbing

Psychology Faculty Publications

Previous research finds that voting is a socially stressful activity associated with increases in cortisol levels. Here we extend this research by investigating whether different voting modalities have differential effects on the stress response to voting. Results from a field experiment conducted during the 2012 presidential elections strongly suggest that traditional “at the polls” voting is more stressful, as measured by increases in cortisol levels, than voting at home by mail-in ballot or engaging in comparable non-political social activities. These findings imply that increased low-stress voting options such as mail-in ballots may increase political participation among individuals who are sensitive …

Modeling Trust Dynamics In Strategic Interaction, Ion Juvina, Christian Lebiere, Cleotilde Gonzalez

Psychology Faculty Publications

We present a computational cognitive model that explains transfer of learning across two games of strategic interaction – Prisoner's Dilemma and Chicken. We summarize prior research showing that, when these games are played in sequence, the experience acquired in the first game influences the players’ behavior in the second game. The same model accounts for human data in both games. The model explains transfer effects with the aid of a trust mechanism that determines how rewards change depending on the dynamics of the interaction between players. We conclude that factors pertaining to the game or the individual are insufficient to …

Developmental Changes In Analytic And Holistic Processes In Face Perception, Jane E. Joseph, Michelle D. Dibartolo, Ramesh S. Bhatt

Psychology Faculty Publications

Although infants demonstrate sensitivity to some kinds of perceptual information in faces, many face capacities continue to develop throughout childhood. One debate is the degree to which children perceive faces analytically versus holistically and how these processes undergo developmental change. In the present study, school-aged children and adults performed a perceptual matching task with upright and inverted face and house pairs that varied in similarity of featural or 2^nd order configural information. Holistic processing was operationalized as the degree of serial processing when discriminating faces and houses [i.e., increased reaction time (RT), as more features or spacing relations were …

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy For Adhd In College: Recommendations “Hot Off The Press”, Laura E. Knouse

Psychology Faculty Publications

ADHD leads to impairment across the lifespan including during the college years. An increasing number of studies document the academic, social, and psychological impairments associated with the disorder in college (DuPaul, Weyandt, O’Dell, & Varejao, 2009). Yet, until very recently, there were no published studies on cognitive-behavioral treatment approaches specifically tailored to college students with ADHD. Over the past year, however, four research groups have published work on skills-based cognitive-behavioral treatments for this population. My goal in this article is to briefly summarize these findings and to identify key recommendations for clinicians working with college students with the disorder that …

Fifty Psychological And Psychiatric Terms To Avoid: A List Of Inaccurate, Misleading, Misused, Ambiguous, And Logically Confused Words And Phrases, Scott O. Lilienfeld, Katheryn C. Sauvigné, Steven J. Lynn, Robin L. Cautin, Robert D. Latzman, Irwin D. Waldman

Psychology Faculty Publications

The goal of this article is to promote clear thinking and clear writing among students and teachers of psychological science by curbing terminological misinformation and confusion. To this end, we present a provisional list of 50 commonly used terms in psychology, psychiatry, and allied fields that should be avoided, or at most used sparingly and with explicit caveats. We provide corrective information for students, instructors, and researchers regarding these terms, which we organize for expository purposes into five categories: inaccurate or misleading terms, frequently misused terms, ambiguous terms, oxymorons, and pleonasms. For each term, we (a) explain why it is …

The Role Of Element Type And Crossed Relation In Restructuring Difficulty, Zhonglu Zhang, Ke Yang, Christopher M. Warren, Guang Zhao, Peng Li, Yi Lei, Hong Li

Psychology Faculty Publications

Chunk decomposition is an aspect of problem solving that involves decomposing a pattern into its component parts in order to regroup them into a new pattern. Previous work suggests that the primary source of difficulty in chunk decomposition is whether a problem’s solution requires removing a part that is a meaningful perceptual pattern (termed a chunk) or not (a non-chunk). However, the role of spatial overlap (crossed relation or not) has been ignored in this line of research. Here, we dissociated the role of element type and crossed relation in chunk decomposition problems by employing a Chinese character transformation task. …

Disruption Of White Matter Integrity In Adult Survivors Of Childhood Brain Tumors: Correlates With Long-Term Intellectual Outcomes, Tricia Z. King, Liya Wang, Hui Mao

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background

Although chemotherapy and radiation treatment have contributed to increased survivorship, treatment-induced brain injury has been a concern when examining long-term intellectual outcomes of survivors. Specifically, disruption of brain white matter integrity and its relationship to intellectual outcomes in adult survivors of childhood brain tumors needs to be better understood.

Methods

Fifty-four participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging in addition to structural MRI and an intelligence test (IQ). Voxel-wise group comparisons of fractional anisotropy calculated from DTI data were performed using Tract Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) on 27 survivors (14 treated with radiation with and without chemotherapy and 13 treated without …

Negative Urgency And Lack Of Perseverance: Identification Of Differential Pathways Of Onset And Maintenance Risk In The Longitudinal Prediction Of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury, Elizabeth N. Riley, Jessica L. Combs, Carol E. Jordan, Gregory T. Smith

Psychology Faculty Publications

Many researchers have identified impulsivity-related personality traits as correlates of and risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Using a longitudinal design, we tested the hypothesis that one such trait, negative urgency (the tendency to act rashly when distressed), predicts the onset of NSSI during the first year of college and a different trait, lack of perseverance (the disposition to fail to maintain focus on tasks that are difficult or boring), predicts the maintenance of NSSI during the first year of college. In a sample of n = 1,158 college women (mean age = 18.04, 95% of participants were 18 at …

Explicit And Inferred Motives For Nonsuicidal Self-Injurious Acts And Urges In Borderline And Avoidant Personality Disorders, Avigal Snir, Eshkol Rafaeli, Reuma Gadassi, Kathy R. Berenson, Geraldine Downey

Psychology Faculty Publications

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a perplexing phenomenon that may have differing motives. The present study used experience sampling methods (ESM) which inquired explicitly about the motives for NSSI, but also enabled a temporal examination of the antecedents/consequences of NSSI; these allow us to infer other motives which were not explicitly endorsed. Adults (n = 152, aged 18–65) with borderline personality disorder (BPD), avoidant personality disorder (APD), or no psychopathology participated in a 3-week computerized diary study. We examined 5 classes of explicit motives for engaging in NSSI, finding support primarily for internally directed rather than interpersonally directed ones. We then …

News From The Siop-United Nations Team: Exploring Work Experiences Of Informal Workers And Promoting Decent Work For All, Mahima Saxena, English Sall, John C. Scott, Deborah E. Rupp, Lise Saari, Lori Foster Thompson, Mathian Osicki, Drew Mallory

Psychology Faculty Publications

For the first time, the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) has funded a humanitarian work psychology research project under the SIOP Foundation’s Grants and Awards program this year. The project is led by Mahima Saxena from the Illinois Institute of Technology and John Scott from APTMetrics, and is titled, “I-O Psychology and ILO: Exploring Work Experiences of Informal Workers and Promoting Decent Work for All.”

Neonatal Isolation Stress Inhibits Pre-Weaning Weight Gain And Mild-Stressor Induced Locomotor Activity In Early Adolescent Male And Female Rats, Peter Villavecchia, Mindy Miserendino

Psychology Faculty Publications

The present study looked at the effects of neonatal isolation, an early life stress experience, in male and female early adolescent rats, an age which is underrepresented in the early stress literature. Four stress-sensitive indices were assessed: weight gain during the pre-weaning period, open field activity, and locomotor activity in response to two mild stressors: exposure to a novel environment, and a single IP saline injection. Rats in the neonatal isolation condition were removed from dam and littermates on postnatal days 2-9 in accord with the procedure used by Kehoe et al. (1995); behavioral testing occurred on PN25-PN30 during …

Under New System, Bridges Build You, Steven Toaddy, Joseph A. Allen

Psychology Faculty Publications

Let’s take a page from the lessons that public-speaking classes convey, viz. “tell them what you’re going to tell them, tell them, and then tell them what you’ve told them.” Thus:

• In response to calls from SIOP’s past leadership, the Bridge Builders group—one designed to spread awareness and understanding of I-O psychology to many different audiences—was developed and counts among its members many of us from SIOP. President Steve Kozlowski’s vision for the organization in the coming years dovetails well with the objectives of Bridge Builders.
• Bridge Builders have been doing some really cool things recently; these were …

What Can I Do About My Aching Back?, Jasmin Tahmaseb-Mcconatha

Psychology Faculty Publications

Nearly half of older adults report experiencing one episode of back pain in a calendar year. This pain can increase physical and social inactivity and decrease life satisfaction. The lack of physical activity in later life can lead to chronic back pain.

Cumulative Neurological Factors Associated With Long-Term Outcomes In Adult Survivors Of Childhood Brain Tumors, Tricia Z. King, Sabrina Na

Psychology Faculty Publications

Prior research has demonstrated the reliability and validity of the Neurological Predictor Scale (NPS) in relation to childhood brain tumor survivor outcomes; however, its use has not been examined in adult long-term survivors. The current study examines the concurrent validity of the NPS with long-term intellectual and adaptive outcomes in adult survivors of childhood brain tumors relative to individual variables alone. A total of 68 adult survivors of childhood brain tumors (M = 24 years old, SD = 4) almost 16 years post diagnosis (SD = 6) completed intellectual evaluations using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). Survivors' adaptive …

Multidimensional Frequency Domain Analysis Of Full-Volume Fmri Reveals Significant Effects Of Age, Gender, And Mental Illness On The Spatiotemporal Organization Of Resting-State Brain Activity, Robyn L. Miller, Erik B. Erhardt, Oktay Agcaoglu, Elena A. Allen, Andrew M. Michael, Jessica Turner, Juan Bustillo, Judith M. Ford, Daniel H. Mathalon, Theo G. M. Van Erp, Steven G. Potkin, Adrian Preda, Godfrey Pearlson, Vince D. Calhoun

Psychology Faculty Publications

Clinical research employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is often conducted within the connectionist paradigm, focusing on patterns of connectivity between voxels, regions of interest (ROIs) or spatially distributed functional networks. Connectivity-based analyses are concerned with pairwise correlations of the temporal activation associated with restrictions of the whole-brain hemodynamic signal to locations of a priori interest. There is a more abstract question however that such spatially granular correlation-based approaches do not elucidate: Are the broad spatiotemporal organizing principles of brains in certain populations distinguishable from those of others? Global patterns (in space and time) of hemodynamic activation are rarely scrutinized …