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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Purpose In Life Predicts Better Emotional Recovery From Negative Stimuli, S. M. Schaefer, J. M. Boyland, C. M. Van Reekum, R. C. Lapate, Catherine Norris, C. D. Ryff, R. J. Davidson
Purpose In Life Predicts Better Emotional Recovery From Negative Stimuli, S. M. Schaefer, J. M. Boyland, C. M. Van Reekum, R. C. Lapate, Catherine Norris, C. D. Ryff, R. J. Davidson
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Purpose in life predicts both health and longevity suggesting that the ability to find meaning from life’s experiences, especially when confronting life’s challenges, may be a mechanism underlying resilience. Having purpose in life may motivate reframing stressful situations to deal with them more productively, thereby facilitating recovery from stress and trauma. In turn, enhanced ability to recover from negative events may allow a person to achieve or maintain a feeling of greater purpose in life over time. In a large sample of adults (aged 36-84 years) from the MIDUS study (Midlife in the U.S., http://www.midus.wisc.edu/), we tested whether purpose in …
Preventing Adolescents' Externalizing And Internalizing Symptoms: Effects Of The Penn Resiliency Program, J. J. Cutuli, Jane Gillham, T. M. Chaplin, K. J. Reivich, M. E. P. Seligman, R. J. Gallop, R. M. Abenavoli, D. R. Freres
Preventing Adolescents' Externalizing And Internalizing Symptoms: Effects Of The Penn Resiliency Program, J. J. Cutuli, Jane Gillham, T. M. Chaplin, K. J. Reivich, M. E. P. Seligman, R. J. Gallop, R. M. Abenavoli, D. R. Freres
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Humans Have Precise Knowledge Of Familiar Geographical Slants, Anthony Stigliani , '12, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin
Humans Have Precise Knowledge Of Familiar Geographical Slants, Anthony Stigliani , '12, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin
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Whereas maps primarily represent the 2-dimensional layout of the environment, people are also aware of the 3-dimensional layout of their environment. An experiment conducted on a small colregt edinpus tested whether the remembered slants of familiar paths were precisely represented. Three measures of slant (verbal, manual, and pictorial) were collected in 2 different between-subject conditions (perception and memory) for 5 familiar paths on the campus of Swarthmore College, ranging in slant from 0.5 to 8.6. Estimates from memory and from perception did not differ for any of the measures. Moreover, estimates from all measures, though different in mean value, were …
Depth Compression Based On Mis-Scaling Of Binocular Disparity May Contribute To Angular Expansion In Perceived Optical Slant, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin
Depth Compression Based On Mis-Scaling Of Binocular Disparity May Contribute To Angular Expansion In Perceived Optical Slant, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin
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Three studies, involving a total of 145 observers examined quantitative theories of the overestimation of perceived optical slant. The first two studies investigated the depth/width anisotropies on positive and negative slant in both pitch and yaw at 2 and 8 m using calibrated immersive virtual environments. Observers made judgments of the relative lengths of extents that were frontal with those that were in depth. The physical aspect ratio that was perceived as 1:1 was determined for each slant. The observed anisotropies can be modeled by assuming overestimation in perceived slant. Three one-parameter slant perception models (angular expansion, affine depth compression …
What Do Hands Know About Hills? Interpreting Taylor-Covill And Eves (2013) In Context, Frank H. Durgin
What Do Hands Know About Hills? Interpreting Taylor-Covill And Eves (2013) In Context, Frank H. Durgin
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Hills appear much steeper than they are. Although near surface slant is also exaggerated, near surfaces appear much shallower than equivalently slanted hills. Taylor-Covill and Eves (2013) propose a new type of palm orientation measuring device that provides outputs that accurately reflect the physical slants of stairs and hills from 19 to 30 and also seems to accurately reflect the slants of near surfaces (25-30 degrees). They question the validity of the observations of Durgin, Hajnal, Li, Tonge & Stigliani (2010), who observed that palm boards grossly underestimated near surfaces. Here I review our recent work on the visual and …
The Temporal Doppler Effect: When The Future Feels Closer Than The Past, E. M. Caruso, L. Van Boven, Mark J. Chin , '12, Andrew Ward
The Temporal Doppler Effect: When The Future Feels Closer Than The Past, E. M. Caruso, L. Van Boven, Mark J. Chin , '12, Andrew Ward
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People routinely remember events that have passed and imagine those that are yet to come. The past and the future are sometimes psychologically close ("just around the corner") and other times psychologically distant ("ages away"). Four studies demonstrate a systematic asymmetry whereby future events are psychologically closer than past events of equivalent objective distance. When considering specific times (e.g., 1 year) or events (e.g., Valentine's Day), people consistently reported that the future was closer than the past. We suggest that this asymmetry arises because the subjective experience of movement through time (whereby future events approach and past events recede) is …
On The Anisotropy Of Perceived Ground Extents And The Interpretation Of Walked Distance As A Measure Of Perception, Z. Li, E. Sun, Cassandra Joy Strawser , '13, Ariana Michelle Spiegel , '13, Brennan James Klein , '14, Frank H. Durgin
On The Anisotropy Of Perceived Ground Extents And The Interpretation Of Walked Distance As A Measure Of Perception, Z. Li, E. Sun, Cassandra Joy Strawser , '13, Ariana Michelle Spiegel , '13, Brennan James Klein , '14, Frank H. Durgin
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Two experiments are reported concerning the perception of ground extent to discover whether prior reports of anisotropy between frontal extents and extents in depth were consistent across different measures (visual matching and pantomime walking) and test environments (outdoor environments and virtual environments). In Experiment 1 it was found that depth extents of up to 7 m are indeed perceptually compressed relative to frontal extents in an outdoor environment, and that perceptual matching provided more precise estimates than did pantomime walking. In Experiment 2, similar anisotropies were found using similar tasks in a similar (but virtual) environment. In both experiments pantomime …
Sugar And Space? Not The Case: Effects Of Low Blood Glucose On Slant Estimation Are Mediated By Beliefs, D. M. Shaffer, E. Mcmanama, C. Swank, Frank H. Durgin
Sugar And Space? Not The Case: Effects Of Low Blood Glucose On Slant Estimation Are Mediated By Beliefs, D. M. Shaffer, E. Mcmanama, C. Swank, Frank H. Durgin
Psychology Faculty Works
There is a current debate concerning whether people's physiological or behavioral potential alters their perception of slanted surfaces. One way to directly test this is to physiologically change people's potential by lowering their blood sugar and comparing their estimates of slant to those with normal blood sugar. In the first investigation of this (Schnall, Zadra, & Proffitt, 2010), it was shown that people with low blood sugar gave higher estimates of slanted surfaces than people with normal blood sugar. The question that arises is whether these higher estimates are due to lower blood sugar, per se, or experimental demand created …
Affective Forecasting And Well Being, Barry Schwartz, R. Sommers
Affective Forecasting And Well Being, Barry Schwartz, R. Sommers
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Every decision requires a prediction, both about what will happen and about how the decider will feel about what happens. Thus, decisions require what is known as affective forecasting. This chapter reviews evidence that people systematically mispredict the way experiences will feel. First, predictions about the future are often based on memories of the past, but memories of the past are often inaccurate. Second, people predict that the affective quality of experiences will last, thereby neglecting the widespread phenomenon of adaptation. Third, in anticipating an experience, people focus on aspects of their lives that will be changed by the experience …
Qualitative Inquiry And The Challenge Of Scientific Status, Kenneth J. Gergen
Qualitative Inquiry And The Challenge Of Scientific Status, Kenneth J. Gergen
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Technology And The Tributaries Of Relational Being, Kenneth J. Gergen
Technology And The Tributaries Of Relational Being, Kenneth J. Gergen
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
The Influence Of Perspective And Communicative Goals On How Speakers Choose To Refer, Daniel J. Grodner, R. M. Adler
The Influence Of Perspective And Communicative Goals On How Speakers Choose To Refer, Daniel J. Grodner, R. M. Adler
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Resilience Education, Jane Gillham, R. M. Abenavoli, S. M. Brunwasser, M. Linkins, K. J. Reivich, M. E. P. Seligman
Resilience Education, Jane Gillham, R. M. Abenavoli, S. M. Brunwasser, M. Linkins, K. J. Reivich, M. E. P. Seligman
Psychology Faculty Works
As a primary learning and social environment for most children, schools have tremendous potential to, and responsibility for, promoting resilience and well-being in children. This chapter reviews the rationale for focusing on resilience in education and illustrates some of the ways that schools can promote resilience in young people. Although resilience education can also encompass academic or educational resilience, the authors focus primarily on the power of schools to promote students’ social and emotional well-being and provide examples from their team’s work on school-based resilience and positive psychology interventions. As they hope to show, resilience education holds great promise in …