Psychology Commons^™

Idealization And Desire In The Hundred Acre Wood: A.A. Milne And Christopher (Robin), Laura Bright

Laura E Bright

Argues that A.A. Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh and The House at Pooh Corner represent the conscious rejection, unconscious reproduction, and re-imaging of the author's traumatic Victorian childhood.

The Painful Relationship Shared By Spinal Injury And Sleep Disorders, Pennie Seibert, Christian Zimmerman, Jennifer Valerio, Yustina Rafla, Fred Grimsley

Pennie S. Seibert

Introduction: People who sustain spinal injury (SI) also routinely complain about sleep disturbances. This coexistence negatively impacts general health, well-being, and recovery. Investigations of this complex relationship have been constrained by difficulty in acquiring valid data from people whose sleep disorder (SD) diagnoses are based on complete nocturnal polysomnography (NP) and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) rather than simple self-report data.

Methods: We constructed an 111-item questionnaire to use in conjunction with NP, MSLT, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and medical chart reviews of people referred for evaluation of SDs.

Results: We analyzed data from 721people who were diagnosed with …

Personality Traits That Predict Academic Citizenship Behavior, Jonathan Gore, Allison Kiefner, Kristen Combs

Jonathan Gore

The association between personality and organizational citizenship behaviors is rarely examined in student populations. The present research tested the hypothesis that conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism predict unique variance in academic citizenship attitudes. In the first study, 270 college students completed an online questionnaire assessing their personality and academic citizenship attitudes. The results confirmed the hypothesis. In Study 2, we also tested the hypothesis that academic citizenship attitudes mediate the association between personality and citizenship behavior. Participants (n = 50) completed the online questionnaire. At a later session, they were asked to engage in an extra-role helping behavior after completing the …

Effects Of Communication, Information Overlap, And Behavioral Consistency On Consensus In Social Perception., Thomas Malloy, Fredric Agatstein, Aaron Yarlas, Linda Albright

Fredric C Agatstein

Three experiments (N = 69, 162, and 201, respectively) were conducted to test the mathematically derived predictions of the Weighted Average Model (D. A. Kenny, 1991) of consensus in interpersonal perception. Study 1 estimated the effect of perceiver communication, Study 2 estimated the effects of communication and stimulus overlap, and Study 3 estimated the effects of communication, overlap, and target consistency on consensus. The strongest consensus was found when perceivers communicated about highly overlapping information about targets who were cross-situationally consistent. Conversely, the lowest level of consensus was observed when perceivers did not communicate and had non-overlapping information about targets …

Interpersonal Perception And Metaperception In Nonoverlapping Social Groups, Thomas Malloy, Linda Albright, David Kenny, Fredric Agatstein, Lynn Winquist

Fredric C Agatstein

No abstract provided.

Children's Interpersonal Perceptions, Thomas Malloy, David Sugarman, Robin Montvilo, Talia Ben-Zeev

Robin K Montvilo

Children's interpersonal perceptions in an academic context were studied from the sociocultural perspective (L. S. Vygotsky, 1978). The authors predicted that with development, judgments of classmates would show increasing impact of the stimulus target (consensus) and decreasing impact of the perceiver's effect. A social relations analysis estimated perceiver and target effects. A 3-year cross-sequential design permitted study of age differences and longitudinal consistency of the effects. Children's interpersonal perceptions were consensual in middle childhood, and target effects increased with development, whereas perceiver effects declined. Target effects were more consistent than perceiver effects across a 3-year period. Target effects for behaviorally …

Patterns Of Service Utilization, Thomas Kochanek, Stephen Buka

Thomas T Kochanek

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between service utilization patterns in early intervention programs and specific child, maternal, and service provider characteristics. Service utilization data for 133 infants and toddlers were gathered for 1 week out of every month for a 4 month duration. For each service encounter, the duration, location, type of service, and academic discipline of service provider was recorded. Findings revealed that families received an average of 1.7 hours per week of services (unduplicated hours). Older children (toddlers) and mothers with higher levels of education received significantly more service. Thirty-four percent of all services …

Influential Factors In The Utilization Of Early Intervention Services, Thomas Kochanek, Stephen Buka

Thomas T Kochanek

The purpose of this study was to examine utilization rates of scheduled early intervention services. Service utilization data reported for 1 week out of every month over a 4-month period were analyzed for a cohort of 146 infants and toddlers. Major findings included: (a) 69% of the families used the majority of their services; (b) child and maternal characteristics were not significantly related to service utilization; (c) providers who were younger and close in age to mothers evidenced significantly higher utilization rates; (d) families in which therapists served as the primary service provider had the lowest utilization rates; and (e) …

Fulfilling The Promise Of Early Intervention, Thomas Kochanek

Thomas T Kochanek

The purpose of this study was to examine utilization rates of infant-toddler services and to identify factors that significantly influenced the extent to which children and their families actually used planned services. This is an important policy implementation question for which there is scant information, and the authors of the study are to be commended for not only addressing the questions, but also using an existing, state-managed data base to probe for answers.

Dynamics Of Drug Use, Joan Rollins, Raymond Holden

Joan H Rollins

This paper analyzes data from interviews with167 drug users in the community, including age, sex, birth order, education, family constellation, age of first drug use and circumstances of first drug use. Initial drug use was usually a social experience, with considerable influence from peers. Usually initial drug use began with marijuana or alcohol. The majority of subjects had tried to stop using drugs, but most of them had been unsuccessful at the time of the interview.

Defining And Measuring Self-Concept Change, Jonathan Gore, Susan Cross

Jonathan Gore

The self-concept and the manners by which it changes are two of the most important, and challenging, areas of psychological study. In this review, we define the self-concept as a multifaceted psychological construct, composed of a variety of characteristics. People with low self-esteem, incremental theorists, self-monitors, and people with a high uncertainty orientation and relational self-construal are mentioned as some of the types of people who are likely to undergo change. Various approaches to measuring the self-concept and investigating it across cultures are also discussed. Recommendations for future research include utilizing an intraclass correlation coefficient measure of change, and accounting …

Acting In Our Interests: Relational Self-Construal And Goal Motivation Across Cultures, Jonathan Gore, Susan Cross, Chie Kanagawa

Jonathan Gore

Relationally-autonomous reasons (RARs) are motives for behavior that take into account one’s close relationships. A cross-cultural model tested the hypotheses that (a) people with a highly relational self-construal will pursue their goals for RARs, and (b) RARs will predict positive goal outcomes after controlling for variance explained by personally-autonomous reasons (PARs) and social support. One hundred seventy Americans and 219 Japanese completed a well-being and self questionnaire then generated and rated seven goals on several attributes. Results showed that relational self-construal was associated with RARs for goals. RARs predicted effort directly and predicted progress and purpose in life indirectly for …

Looking At China’S Great Leap Forward From A Systems Perspective, Brandy Futrell

Brandy Futrell

China’s Great Leap Forward (GLF) campaign of 1958-1961 led by Mao Tse-Tung resulted in a horrendous famine that cost millions of lives. This paper examines the campaign from a systems perspective across the individual, group/societal, and regulatory levels. Looking at each level illustrates errors that explain how the GLF failed.

The Role Of Relational Self-Construal In Reactions To Charity Advertisements, K. Burton, Jonathan Gore, Jennifer Sturgeon

Jonathan Gore

Three studies examined the effect of relational self-construal on attitudes and behaviors toward charity advertisements after controlling for sex. In Study 1, 110 undergraduates completed a measure of relational self-construal and a questionnaire assessing liking toward charity advertisements. Study 2 (n = 121) utilized the same procedure as Study 1, but measured perceived effectiveness of the advertisements. Study 3 (n = 90) used a behavioral measure of helping. The results demonstrated that those with a highly relational self-construal had more favorable attitudes toward the advertisements and were more likely to help. This indicates that charities may consider targeting individuals who …

Using Personality Profiles And Gender To Predict Affect, Chelsey Vandyke, Jonathan Gore

Jonathan Gore

Despite the abundance of research examining the association between personality traits and affect, few researchers have examined personality profiles. The hypotheses tested in this study examined how gender, extraversion, and neuroticism interact to predict positive and negative affect. Participants (n = 2,542) completed personality and mood surveys online. Bivariate correlation analyses and hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data. Results supported previous findings about the correlation between neuroticism, extraversion, and negative and positive affect, and people who are high on extraversion and high on neuroticism experienced the most affect variability. The correlation of extraversion and positive affect …

Environmental Protection, U.S. Influence On Latin American Policies, Cigdem Sirin

Cigdem V. Sirin

No abstract provided.

Relational Self-Construal And The Process Of Forming New Relationships, Shawn Butcher, Jonathan Gore

Jonathan Gore

The present study examined the relationship between relational self-construal and the types of questions and answers that an individual gives upon first meeting another person. We predicted that a participant’s relational self-construal would positively correlate with the amount of relational questions asked and negatively with the amount of superficial questions asked, as well as positively correlating with word count, relational answers, and emotional answers. A negative correlation between participant’s relational self-construal and factual answers was also predicted. One hundred fourteen participants were asked to select 10 questions from a list of questions that would allow them to get to know …