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Articles 1 - 30 of 43
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Addressing The Complexity Of Mental Health Care For Youth Experiencing Houselessness, Sarah Hamilton
Addressing The Complexity Of Mental Health Care For Youth Experiencing Houselessness, Sarah Hamilton
Psychology Honors Projects
Children and youth experiencing houselessness have a unique set of mental health needs due to the traumatic experience of houselessness during childhood and the other adverse childhood experiences that often coincide with houselessness (van der Kolk, 2003; Wong et al., 2016). They face immense barriers in access to mental health care due to logistical factors as a result of their housing status and socio-structural factors (Krippel et al., 2020; Gallardo et al., 2020; Bradley et al., 2018). However, existing studies reveal a lack of evidence-based interventions for children and youth experiencing houselessness and a lack of insight from mental health …
Investigating The Psychology Of Morbid Curiosity: The Role Of Needing To Know, Hanna Rose Harbison Ruedisili
Investigating The Psychology Of Morbid Curiosity: The Role Of Needing To Know, Hanna Rose Harbison Ruedisili
Psychology Honors Projects
The goal of this study was to investigate the psychological factors that motivate morbidly curious behavior, specifically the cognitive motivation to learn new information. Participants were shown various morbid and non-morbid control images, sometimes with a preview and sometimes without a preview. The preview condition created a situation in which the target image contained no new information, thereby removing the opportunity to learn more information. For each image, participants were asked to complete a visual search task unrelated to the content of the image as quickly as possible. If morbid content distracted participants from the visual search task, then response …
Feelings Are Hard: The Influence Of Parent Emotion Socialization, The Social Sharing Of Emotions, And Emotion Regulation Strategies On Peer Relationship Quality, Jacey Moriguchi
Psychology Honors Projects
Emerging adulthood (ages 18 to 29, typically in western cultures) is a period of high emotional volatility and shifts in peer relationships; therefore, the link between emotion regulation strategies (reappraisal, distraction, rumination, and suppression) and peer relationship quality must be examined. Furthermore, previous literature has found that supportive parent emotion socialization is related to healthier emotion regulation strategies in children. Study 1 found that reappraisal mediated the relationship between supportive parent emotion socialization and communication, suggesting that supportive parent emotion socialization teaches children to use reappraisal more, which aids in communication. Due to the link between emotion regulation and communication …
The Effect Of Race On The Evaluation Of Quarterbacks, Kian R. Sohrabi
The Effect Of Race On The Evaluation Of Quarterbacks, Kian R. Sohrabi
Psychology Honors Projects
Black quarterbacks have faced stereotypes and biases about their performance for decades. While Black quarterbacks are more common in the NFL nowadays, it is not clear whether their performance is being evaluated without bias. Black quarterbacks are often discussed in ways that emphasize their physical abilities but criticize their mental attributes. This current study sought to investigate the effect of race on quarterback evaluation. Study 1 examined the effect of race on fans’ evaluations of quarterbacks; Study 2 looked at the effect of race on evaluations by high school football coaches. Participants completed an online experiment in which they were …
Invalidation And Emotion Regulation: How Does Emotional Invalidation Relate To The Efficacy And Endorsement Of Emotion Regulation Strategies?, Johanna N. Caskey
Invalidation And Emotion Regulation: How Does Emotional Invalidation Relate To The Efficacy And Endorsement Of Emotion Regulation Strategies?, Johanna N. Caskey
Psychology Honors Projects
Past research has reliably shown that emotional invalidation poses a threat to one's capacity for successful emotion regulation, though the relationship between the two is complex. The pair of studies presently discussed sought to understand how perceptions of emotional invalidation relate to the success (Study 1) and endorsement (Study 2) of emotion regulation strategies. Study 1 did not provide support for the prediction that perceptions of invalidation would undermine the success of the particular emotion regulation strategy of affect labeling, generating a new hypothesis: invalidation may be more related to how we conceive of the process of regulating our emotions, …
Can A Self-Compassion Writing Intervention Impact Feelings Of Loneliness?, Brooke R. Offenhauser
Can A Self-Compassion Writing Intervention Impact Feelings Of Loneliness?, Brooke R. Offenhauser
Psychology Honors Projects
Loneliness is an increasingly widespread concern for many individuals, especially college students and young adults, and has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Loneliness can negatively impact health and well-being; however, many interventions are not successful in reducing loneliness. One possible intervention may be a resilience practice. Namely, self-compassion may reduce feelings of loneliness because it provides a way to connect with oneself and support well-being. This study aimed to examine the impact of a self-compassion intervention on feelings of loneliness and well-being in college students. It utilized a self-compassion writing intervention compared to a control self-affirmation writing intervention and …
Can Good Groups Create Immoral Individuals? Examining Vicarious Moral Licensing In Political Ingroups, Jane Acierno
Can Good Groups Create Immoral Individuals? Examining Vicarious Moral Licensing In Political Ingroups, Jane Acierno
Psychology Honors Projects
Research suggests that people often engage in a process called “moral licensing,” through which they point to past good deeds as a way to license their present immoral actions. Additional research demonstrates that through a process of vicarious moral licensing, people can reference their ingroup members’ morality to license their own morally dubious behavior. However, these proposed moral balancing acts seem to strikingly contradict decades of research arguing that people strive to act consistently with past behavior. The present research studies the phenomenon of ingroup licensing specifically as it relates to political ingroup identity, and examines the conditions under which …
Men At The Intersection Of Race And Class: Identity, Centrality, And Privilege Attitudes, Bailey Haas
Men At The Intersection Of Race And Class: Identity, Centrality, And Privilege Attitudes, Bailey Haas
Psychology Honors Projects
While previous research has determined that people who have subordinated identities in one domain are more likely to view their dominant identity in another domain as a privilege (Rosette & Tost, 2013), the effect of class identity on privilege awareness at the intersection of race, class, and gender, has not been investigated. Additionally, the centrality of these identities has not been considered as a possible moderator, despite the fact that identity centrality has been shown to moderate the relationship between stereotype appraisals and disidentification with an ethnic or racial identity such that people whose racial or ethnic identities were more …
Class And The Classroom: The Role Of Individual- And School-Level Socioeconomic Factors In Predicting Academic Outcomes, Emily Roebuck
Class And The Classroom: The Role Of Individual- And School-Level Socioeconomic Factors In Predicting Academic Outcomes, Emily Roebuck
Psychology Honors Projects
Socioeconomic status (SES) can greatly impact individuals’ college experience (e.g., Astin, 1993; Roksa & Velex, 2010). However, extant research has emphasized the effect of individual-level SES measures and unintentionally obfuscated the role that school-level SES may play in students’ academic outcomes. The present study was designed to determine the predictive power that participants’ individual SES (income) and contextual SES (percentage of student body in poverty) has for students’ course self-efficacy and engagement behaviors. Participants (N = 230) from five private Midwestern colleges reported their individual SES (income), course self-efficacy, engagement behaviors, and sense of school belonging. Additional data representing the …
Timmy's In The Well: Empathy And Prosocial Helping In Dogs, Emily M. Sanford
Timmy's In The Well: Empathy And Prosocial Helping In Dogs, Emily M. Sanford
Psychology Honors Projects
Dogs can empathetically evaluate humans’ emotional states. However, whether dogs are motivated by empathy to provide help to humans in need is unclear. In this study, dogs’ behaviors were observed while their owner sat behind a door and either cried or hummed. Dogs that were more skilled at regulating their emotional stress responses and had stronger bonds with their owners were more likely to help those owners. This supports the theory that an empathetic response is only possible when an individual can suppress their own distress enough to focus on helping someone else.
Examing The Effects Of Energy Deprivation On The Strength Model Of Self-Control: An Imposition Theory, Jiayin Qu
Psychology Honors Projects
The strength model of self control suggests exerting self-control consumes an energy resource that is depleted in subsequent tasks. Past research is equivocal whether such depletion happens and whether glucose can reverse it. We proposed an imposition theory to reconcile the contradiction: (1) energy deprivation is a prerequisite condition; (2) awareness of deprivation modulates the extent of depletion. The results suggested that rats showed more self-control depletion and performance across different conditions was more consistent when food deprived compared to when not. There was also a marginal effect of awareness of the deprivation.
Interconnections Between Perceptions Of Blame, Mind, And Moral Abilities, Alex Ropes, Steve Guglielmo
Interconnections Between Perceptions Of Blame, Mind, And Moral Abilities, Alex Ropes, Steve Guglielmo
Psychology Honors Projects
Theories of blame, mind, and moral attribution consider an individual’s perceived agency, operationalized in part as perceived intentionality and self-control. People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may display social deficits and a greater tendency to engage in problem behavior (PB; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) than neurotypical (NT) people, which may lead people to perceive that individuals with ASD act less agentically. Study 1 shows that the mitigated perceived agency of people with ASD leads to mitigated blame attribution. In addition to perceived agency, theories of mind and moral attribution account for perceptions of an individual’s capacity to experience emotions, pleasure, …
Religion And Well-Being: Differences By Identity And Practice, Marium H. Ibrahim
Religion And Well-Being: Differences By Identity And Practice, Marium H. Ibrahim
Psychology Honors Projects
Religion is often related to greater psychological well-being in college students (Burris et al., 2009). However, across studies, researchers have conceptualized “religion” in different ways. Despite the fact that religious identity and practice tend to be related, these aspects of religion may be differentially related to well-being (Lopez, Huynh & Fuligni, 2011). In addition, the relationship between religion and well-being may differ based on societal factors such as race and gender (Diener, Tay & Myers, 2011). In this study, 157 undergraduate students completed measures of religious identity, religious practice, public regard (the extent to which people feel that their race …
Mindset Matters: Measuring Anxiety Mindsets, Jillian S. Merrick
Mindset Matters: Measuring Anxiety Mindsets, Jillian S. Merrick
Psychology Honors Projects
Considerable research supports Dweck’s (2006) theory of mindsets, yet few researchers have studied mental health mindset. The current study explores this link through developing a measure that applies Dweck’s dimensions of fixed vs. growth mindset to appraisals of anxiety while also assessing beliefs about strategies for managing anxiety. In Studies 1-4, we develop this measure and report the correlations among the four scales - Fixed, Growth, Acceptance, and Change - as well as the correlations between these scales and various measures of wellbeing in both undergraduate and high school samples. Study 5 builds on and extends this research by using …
Perceived School Style And Academic Outcomes Among Ethnically Diverse College Students, Rowan Hilty, Cari Gillen-O'Neel
Perceived School Style And Academic Outcomes Among Ethnically Diverse College Students, Rowan Hilty, Cari Gillen-O'Neel
Psychology Honors Projects
Students’ perceptions of their schools play an important role in achievement. One framework for measuring students’ perceptions is an adaptation of Baumrind’s parenting typology, which measures perceived “school style” (Pellerin, 2005) along two dimensions of responsiveness (warmth) and demandingness (high academic expectations). Although research suggests that perceptions of authoritative styles (both responsive and demanding) correlate with better student outcomes (Dornbusch et al., 1987), no existing research has considered whether these findings apply to ethnically diverse samples. We surveyed 301 students from five Midwestern colleges who completed measures of perceived school style, perceived discrimination, and several academic outcomes. Academically stigmatized students …
Selective Attention, Group-Face, Or Both? Examining The Group Attractiveness Effect Through Eye-Tracking, Wilson Merrell
Selective Attention, Group-Face, Or Both? Examining The Group Attractiveness Effect Through Eye-Tracking, Wilson Merrell
Psychology Honors Projects
The group attractiveness effect refers to when the rated attractiveness of a group of people is greater than the average attractiveness of the group’s members. Two theories have been proposed to explain this phenomenon: selective attention, and the creation of a group-face. From an evolutionary standpoint, it is adaptive for people to selectively attend to the most attractive members in a group, which provides an evaluation of group attractiveness based on a weighted, as opposed to arithmetic, average. When people perceive a group of faces, they use their peripheral vision to gain general information about stimuli outside of their direct …
The Influence Of Canine Aggression And Behavioral Treatment On Heart Rate Variability, Lydia Craig
The Influence Of Canine Aggression And Behavioral Treatment On Heart Rate Variability, Lydia Craig
Psychology Honors Projects
Dog aggression affects many, with nearly 5 million dog bites reported yearly in the United States alone. With the physical, emotional, and monetary costs of bites, it is of considerable interest to identify dogs that are likely to bite. One physiological measure that might serve as an index of aggression is heart rate variability (HRV), which refers to vagally mediated beat-to-beat change in heart rate. Low HRV has been associated with impaired emotional and behavioral regulation and stress in both humans and animals. To assess whether this measure corresponds with aggression in dogs, resting HRV was measured for dogs with …
Gratitude And Mood: Do We Need To Tailor Gratitude Interventions For People With High Vs. Low Levels Of Dysphoria?, Dung Vu Hanh Pham
Gratitude And Mood: Do We Need To Tailor Gratitude Interventions For People With High Vs. Low Levels Of Dysphoria?, Dung Vu Hanh Pham
Psychology Honors Projects
Prior research has found that trait gratitude is closely associated with enhanced mental and physical wellbeing. Interventions that seek to increase gratitude, such as daily listing of what one is grateful for, have been shown to decrease depressive symptoms and to increase positive affect as well as life satisfaction. This study sought to examine whether tailoring specific gratitude interventions to people with high vs. low dysphoria, a form of subclinical depression, might produce additional benefits given the unique characteristics of each group. We also tested whether a cognitive or an affective mechanism better explains gratitude’s effect on wellbeing. Results showed …
The Effects Of A Brief Mindfulness Intervention On Negativity Bias For Ambiguous Facial Expressions, Kevin Dowling
The Effects Of A Brief Mindfulness Intervention On Negativity Bias For Ambiguous Facial Expressions, Kevin Dowling
Psychology Honors Projects
This study investigated whether a brief mindfulness intervention influenced dysphoric participants’ appraisals of ambiguous facial expressions of emotion. Previous research suggests dysphoric individuals display a negativity bias, or a propensity to view ambiguous information as more negative, which may contribute to the development of clinical depressive disorders. Recent evidence suggests that mindfulness may mitigate this effect; however, the impact of mindfulness on socially relevant appraisals of ambiguous emotional expressions remains unknown. In the present study, 64 participants (36 without dysphoria, 28 with dysphoria) rated the relative emotional valence of six ambiguous facial expressions after listening to either a 19-minute mindfulness …
Guilt And Moral Compensation: Relational Or Self-Presentational?, Heather C. Renetzky
Guilt And Moral Compensation: Relational Or Self-Presentational?, Heather C. Renetzky
Psychology Honors Projects
This project investigates the relationship between guilt and moral compensation, or pursuing morally positive behavior following morally suspect behavior. Additionally, the current research seeks to examine whether interpersonal, relational motives or intrapersonal, self-focused motives drive this relationship. In Study 1, participants recalled a moral transgression or a neutral memory; they then rated their guilt and completed a compensatory monetary donation task (or vice versa). Guilt was lower after the compensatory task, particularly for participants who had recalled a transgression, suggesting that compensatory behavior can mitigate guilt. Pre-compensatory guilt also significantly predicted the decision to donate. Study 2 manipulated the anonymity …
Promoting Positive Attitudes Toward Individuals With Down Syndrome: The Relationship Between Indirect Contact Interventions And The Quality Of Previous Contact, Nadine M. Rooney
Promoting Positive Attitudes Toward Individuals With Down Syndrome: The Relationship Between Indirect Contact Interventions And The Quality Of Previous Contact, Nadine M. Rooney
Psychology Honors Projects
The present study examined the influence of two indirect contact interventions (i.e., viewing a positive image of a man with DS and imagining a positive interaction with a man with DS) on nondisabled individuals’ attitudes toward those with DS. Additionally, this study explored the nature of the relationship between previous contact (i.e., quantity and quality) and the effectiveness of said interventions. In this two-part study, 87 participants reported their attitudes and liking toward individuals with DS, as well as the quantity and quality of previous contact. One week later, participants completed a lab session that involved viewing a picture of …
Toward A Novel Model Of Pain In Zebrafish: Exposure To Water Containing Dilute Concentrations Of Acetic Acid, Amanda D. Currie
Toward A Novel Model Of Pain In Zebrafish: Exposure To Water Containing Dilute Concentrations Of Acetic Acid, Amanda D. Currie
Psychology Honors Projects
Existing models of pain in zebrafish (Danio rerio) require injection of acetic acid into localized areas including the lips. We are currently developing an alternative assay of pain in zebrafish that involves immersion in dilute concentrations of acetic acid. This assay involves placing subjects in a 120 mL beaker containing 100 mL of water taken from the subject’s original tank. After a 20-minute acclimation period, the experimental substances are added, if applicable. Subjects are exposed to the experimental substances for 30 minutes (unless otherwise specified), after which they are returned to their original tanks. A series of studies …
Elements Of Cohesion: The Role Of Business Improvement Districts In Neighborhood Cohesion, Bo Scarim
Elements Of Cohesion: The Role Of Business Improvement Districts In Neighborhood Cohesion, Bo Scarim
Psychology Honors Projects
The current research examines the relationship between sense of community and business improvement districts (BIDs) in urban neighborhoods. Study 1 employed the method of imagined scenarios to distinguish sense of community ratings between hypothetical neighborhoods with and without BIDs. This study found that participants in the imagined BID neighborhood scenario reported higher sense of community than those in the imagined non-BID neighborhood scenario. In Study 2, residents of two neighborhoods in Brooklyn, New York, one with a BID and one without a BID, were surveyed on their neighborhood experience and sense of community. This study found no difference in sense …
Bullying And Sensitivity To Rejection: The Role Of Individual Difference Variables In Social Exclusion’S Impact On Eating Behaviors, Karen M. Ramos
Bullying And Sensitivity To Rejection: The Role Of Individual Difference Variables In Social Exclusion’S Impact On Eating Behaviors, Karen M. Ramos
Psychology Honors Projects
Social exclusion negatively impacts health behaviors such as eating, and new research suggests that individual difference variables can influence the strength of its effects. Two studies examined whether prior experience with bullying is an individual difference variable that could influence ostracism’s impact on food consumption. I hypothesized that people with a history of bullying would be more likely to eat unhealthy foods than healthy foods after experiencing social exclusion, and that this group would likely consume more food after experiencing social exclusion. Neither study found that prior experience with bullying impacted the strength of ostracism’s effect on food consumption, although …
Deceiving Others After Being Deceived: Lying As A Function Of Descriptive Norms, William F. Johnson
Deceiving Others After Being Deceived: Lying As A Function Of Descriptive Norms, William F. Johnson
Psychology Honors Projects
Previous research has found that being lied to makes a person more likely to respond with deception in a reciprocal manner. I hypothesize that lying instead creates a descriptive norm. Thus, a person being lied to will lie not only to the person who lied to them, but in new conversations with new people. Within a mock job interview, participants were lied to by one confederate, and then given the chance to lie to a second confederate. Being lied to did not produce significantly more lies, favoring existing theory that lying is reciprocal and not transitive.
The Effects Of Objectifying Hip-Hop Lyrics On Female Listeners, Ellen S. Nikodym
The Effects Of Objectifying Hip-Hop Lyrics On Female Listeners, Ellen S. Nikodym
Psychology Honors Projects
Research has demonstrated support for objectification theory and has established that music affects listeners’ thoughts and behaviors, however, no research to date joins these two fields. The present study considers potential effects of objectifying hip hop songs on female listeners. Among African American participants, exposure to an objectifying song resulted in increased self-objectification. However, among White participants, exposure to an objectifying song produced no measurable difference in self-objectification. This finding along with interview data suggests that white women distance themselves from objectifying hip hop songs, preventing negative effects of such music.
The Role Of World Knowledge And Episodic Memory In Scripted Narratives, Micah L. Mumper
The Role Of World Knowledge And Episodic Memory In Scripted Narratives, Micah L. Mumper
Psychology Honors Projects
Readers recruit information from both general world knowledge and episodic memory during reading comprehension. The present experiment used eye tracking to investigate the time-course of how these two sources of memory interact. Participants read passages describing scenarios in which an actor performs a role that was either scriptually appropriate or inappropriate. Half the passages containing the inappropriate role-filler were preceded by an episodic justification for this scriptural violation. Using the same paradigm, Cook and Myers (2004) found context had an early influence on the integration of the role-filler, but world knowledge showed a later effect in the post-target region. The …
Varying Task Demonstrability To Examine The Roles Of Social And Cognitive Factors In Group Transfer Learning, Adam J. Freedman
Varying Task Demonstrability To Examine The Roles Of Social And Cognitive Factors In Group Transfer Learning, Adam J. Freedman
Psychology Honors Projects
I investigated the importance of cognitive exposure and social interaction for group-to-individual transfer for low-and high-demonstrability tasks. I tested the hypothesis that transfer occurs for high-demonstrability tasks with or without social interaction, but transfer for low-demonstrability tasks only occurs if subjects engage in social interaction. During the transfer phase, subjects either worked in a small group, which permitted social interaction, or viewed a video of a yolked group, which only permitted the transfer of cognitive processes. Analysis of subjects’ pre-post performance difference indicated that transfer is constant regardless of the level of demonstrability. However, overall transfer for the high demonstrability …
Facial Expression Processing Is Holistic Or Feature-Based Depending On Stimulus Format: Evidence From The Composite Face Illusion And Gaze-Contingent Stimulus Presentations, Emily R. Prazak
Psychology Honors Projects
Controversy exists over whether facial expression recognition is a holistic or feature-based process. The present research explored whether stimulus format (photographic vs. schematic) affects the type of processing used. In a composite/noncomposite expression recognition task, holistic processing was observed for photographic stimuli and feature-based processing was observed for schematic stimuli. Moreover, holistic processing in the photographic condition increased when more than one individual was presented. Results suggest that facial expression processing is holistic under natural viewing conditions and provide a potential resolution to the previous controversy. Such findings may be corroborated by an ongoing follow-up study using gaze-contingent stimulus presentations.
Debrazza’S Monkeys (Cercopithecus Neglectus) In A Mixed-Taxa Zoo Exhibit: Effects On The Behavior Of A Breeding Group Of Debrazza’S Monkeys After The Birth Of An Infant, Rachel Diamond
Psychology Honors Projects
Historically, zoos rarely feature mixed taxa exhibits including multiple primate species; the Minnesota Zoo opened such a unique four-species exhibit featuring Rock hyraxes, Red River hogs, Colobus monkeys, and DeBrazza’s monkeys in May, 2010. Because of potential problems associated with territoriality and aggression, primates in mixed-taxa exhibits are generally non-breeding. However, the DeBrazza’s monkeys at the MN Zoo are a breeding pair with a juvenile offspring. The intent of this study was to design an ethogram with the purpose of calculating the effects of a mixed taxa exhibit on the behavior of this breeding group, and to compare their behavior …