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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Shared And Idiosyncratic Cortical Activation Patterns In Autism Revealed Under Continuous Real-Life Viewing Conditions, Uri Hasson, Galia Avidan, Hagar Gelbard, Ignacio Vallines, Michal Harel, Nancy Minshew, Marlene Behrmann
Shared And Idiosyncratic Cortical Activation Patterns In Autism Revealed Under Continuous Real-Life Viewing Conditions, Uri Hasson, Galia Avidan, Hagar Gelbard, Ignacio Vallines, Michal Harel, Nancy Minshew, Marlene Behrmann
Marlene Behrmann
Although widespread alterations in cortical structure have been documented in individuals with autism, the functional implications of these alterations remain to be determined. Here, we adopted a novel inter-subject correlation (inter-SC) and intra-subject correlation (intra-SC) technique to quantify the reliability of the spatio-temporal responses of functional MR activity in adults with autism during free-viewing of a popular audio–visual movie. Whereas these complex stimuli evoke highly reliable shared response time courses in typical individuals, cortical activity was more variable across individuals with autism (low inter-SC). Interestingly, when we measured the responses within an autistic individual across repeated presentations of the movie, …
Practice Makes Improvement: How Adults With Autism Out-Perform Others In A Naturalistic Visual Search Task, Cleotilde Gonzalez, Jolie Martin, Nancy Minshew, Marlene Behrmann
Practice Makes Improvement: How Adults With Autism Out-Perform Others In A Naturalistic Visual Search Task, Cleotilde Gonzalez, Jolie Martin, Nancy Minshew, Marlene Behrmann
Marlene Behrmann
People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit superior performance in visual search compared to others. However, most studies demonstrating this advantage have employed simple, uncluttered images with fully visible targets. We compare the performance of high-functioning adults with ASD and matched controls on a naturalistic luggage screening task. Although the two groups were equally accurate in detecting targets, the ASD adults improve in their correct elimination of target-absent bags faster than controls. This feature of their behavior is extremely important for many real-world monitoring tasks that require sustained attention for long time periods. Further analyses suggest that this improvement …
Endogenous Spatial Attention: Evidence For Intact Functioning In Adults With Autism, Michael Grubb, Marlene Behrmann, Ryan Egan, Nancy Minshew, Marisa Carrasco, David Heeger
Endogenous Spatial Attention: Evidence For Intact Functioning In Adults With Autism, Michael Grubb, Marlene Behrmann, Ryan Egan, Nancy Minshew, Marisa Carrasco, David Heeger
Marlene Behrmann
Rapid manipulation of the attention field (i.e. the location and spread of visual spatial attention) is a critical aspect of human cognition, and previous research on spatial attention in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has produced inconsistent results. In a series of three psychophysical experiments, we evaluated claims in the literature that individuals with ASD exhibit a deficit in voluntarily controlling the deployment and size of the spatial attention field. We measured the spatial distribution of performance accuracies and reaction times to quantify the sizes and locations of the attention field, with and without spatial uncertainty (i.e. the lack …
The Anatomy Of The Callosal And Visual-Association Pathways In High-Functioning Autism: A Dti Tractography Study, Cibu Thomas, Kate Humphreys, Kwan-Jin Jung, Nancy Minshew, Marlene Behrmann
The Anatomy Of The Callosal And Visual-Association Pathways In High-Functioning Autism: A Dti Tractography Study, Cibu Thomas, Kate Humphreys, Kwan-Jin Jung, Nancy Minshew, Marlene Behrmann
Marlene Behrmann
There is increasing recognition that many of the core behavioral impairments that characterize autism potentially emerge from poor neural synchronization across nodes comprising dispersed cortical networks. A likely candidate for the source of this atypical functional connectivity in autism is an alteration in the structural integrity of intra- and inter-hemispheric white matter (WM) tracts that form large-scale cortical networks. To test this hypothesis, in a group of adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) and matched control participants, we used diffusion tensor tractography to compare the structural integrity of three intra-hemispheric visual-association WM tracts, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), the inferior fronto-occipito …