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Articles 1 - 25 of 25
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
The Contributions Of Body Awareness To “Choking Under Pressure”, Wagner Larson, Cody Larson
The Contributions Of Body Awareness To “Choking Under Pressure”, Wagner Larson, Cody Larson
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
“Choking under pressure” is a well-known phenomenon and occurs when performance is negatively affected because of perceived pressure. Many researchers have studied this topic, mainly verifying the key theories involved: the explicit monitoring theory and distraction theory. The current study adds to the literature by measuring the contributions of body-awareness to choking under pressure. There has been previous research on the concept of overthinking body movements that supports the hypothesis of the more self-aware an individual is of their body, the more they are subject to choking in a pressure induced situation. The current study aims to expand this idea …
The Effects Of Retrieval Practice On Metacognitive Monitoring Accuracy: A Comparison Of First- And Other-Generation Students, Paul Boettcher
The Effects Of Retrieval Practice On Metacognitive Monitoring Accuracy: A Comparison Of First- And Other-Generation Students, Paul Boettcher
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Being metacognitively accurate, or knowing what you know and do not know, has been correlated with and experimentally related to positive academic outcomes and memory performance. Knowing what you know is also referred to as monitoring accuracy. People that have high monitoring accuracy also effectively control their future study by focusing on the material they have not learned and spending less time on the material they already know, this is known as metacognitive control. Given the connection between metacognitive monitoring and control with performance on criterion tests, much research has been devoted to improving metacognition. The known groups of people …
Anxiety And Visual Discriminations In Undergraduates, Katherine Bowers
Anxiety And Visual Discriminations In Undergraduates, Katherine Bowers
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Mathematics tests were used to create anxiety in undergraduates. Heart rates were recorded as a measure of anxiety. Following each mathematics test, participants completed a different visual discrimination tasks, Stroop Colored Word Tests, Where’s Waldo Puzzles, and IQ Matching Tests. Reaction times and accuracy were measured for each task. The hypothesis was that those with more difficult mathematics tests would have longer reaction times and be less accurate. The results of the study suggest that mathematics anxiety did not have a significant effect on reaction times for any task, and was only significant for the accuracy of the IQ matching …
How Priming Of Behavioral Symptoms May Affect College Students’ Decision To Diagnose, Caitlen Gilley, Sarah Stertz
How Priming Of Behavioral Symptoms May Affect College Students’ Decision To Diagnose, Caitlen Gilley, Sarah Stertz
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Two disorders that have increased in diagnosis and in media awareness in the past two decades are Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and autism. Psychologists use priming as a tool to test availability of schemas and concepts. The current study focuses on how priming of ADHD and autism symptoms affects college students’ diagnoses of the corresponding disorder. Also considered is that the control group will diagnosis ADHD more often because of the vast media awareness of ADHD today. The participants in this study were male and female undergraduates at South Dakota State University. There was no significance found for the two …
Deception Detection Accuracy Using Verbal Or Nonverbal Cues, Caroline Hicks, Nicole Ulvestad
Deception Detection Accuracy Using Verbal Or Nonverbal Cues, Caroline Hicks, Nicole Ulvestad
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
In this 2 (cue type) x 2 (statement type) two-way within-subject ANOVA design study, investigators look at the differences in average accuracy in determining whether a statement is a truth or a lie. Participants, college students, and professors from South Dakota State University, were assessed in their ability to detect deception. The participants had to determine whether a statement was a truth or a lie based on the actor’s verbal or nonverbal cues, each presented independently. The results suggest no significant effect of cue type (verbal or nonverbal) or statement type (truthful or deceitful) with participants’ accuracy being no better …
Affect Comprehension In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Visual Field Isolation Intervention, Erica L. Schmidt
Affect Comprehension In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Visual Field Isolation Intervention, Erica L. Schmidt
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) tend to show under-activation of the right fusiform face area of the ventral temporal cortex when viewing emotional faces, which may explain their affect comprehension deficits. This left hemisphere dominance, indicative of a piecemeal processing strategy, has been shown a less effective method of understanding true emotion. The present study aimed to condition the left-visual-field-to right-FFA pathway by allowing children with ASD to work through an emotion-matching computer program. One group completed the experiment with both eyes uncovered, while the other worked with only their left visual field open. Though no significant differences …
Serial And Concurrent Presentations Of Stimuli And Their Effects On Items Recalled, Dustin J. Rhoades, Jordan Sippel
Serial And Concurrent Presentations Of Stimuli And Their Effects On Items Recalled, Dustin J. Rhoades, Jordan Sippel
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
The present study examined differences in accuracy of responses to serial and concurrent stimuli in an immediate free recall task for individuals from chemistry and psychology courses. Average accuracy of responses for presentation order, stimulus type, and gender differences were measured. The procedure used Superlab 4.0 and consisted of one practice trial followed by eight recorded trials of serial and concurrent word lists. Counterbalancing was used to try to control learning of one order of presentation over the opposite order. Serial word lists consisted of ten words presented two seconds apart and one at a time. Concurrent lists consisted of …
Working Mothers: Cognitive And Behavioral Effects On Children, Amanda Dejong
Working Mothers: Cognitive And Behavioral Effects On Children, Amanda Dejong
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Children face several cognitive and behavioral effects that are the result of maternal employment during their early developmental years. In this study, a questionnaire was distributed to thirty-two participants (twenty-eight female, four male) ranging in age from twenty-six to fifty-nine years. All participants had at least one child. Participants provided information about themselves, their spouse (when applicable), and their children, as well as their and their spouse’s work. Several cognitive and behavioral differences were noted between children of working and nonworking mothers. Differences were found in school performance, participation in extracurricular activities, and abnormal behavioral issues.
The Effects Of Feedback On Student Performance While Performing Multiple Tasks Simultaneously, Amber Reis, Danyel Janssen
The Effects Of Feedback On Student Performance While Performing Multiple Tasks Simultaneously, Amber Reis, Danyel Janssen
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Research shows that feedback or knowledge of results can increase performance on multiple activities. In order for feedback to be successful, it should follow closely in time to the behavior. The current study is a between-group design where the experimental group received visual feedback in the form of a point total about their accuracy in performing a computer task and the control group was not presented with the point totals. While the experimental group did have higher average point totals, the results were not statistically significant. Gender served as the second independent variable and there was not a significant difference …
The Influence Of Aerobic Exercise On State Anxiety In College Students, Emily Carruth, Nadine Taylor
The Influence Of Aerobic Exercise On State Anxiety In College Students, Emily Carruth, Nadine Taylor
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Many college students have feelings of state anxiety, a temporary emotional response that is described by subjective, perceived feelings of concern, stress, and apprehension. The present study measured state anxiety across participants separated into a control and experimental group, which performed an exercise routine. Participants were also designated as regular or non-exercisers. Individuals in the experimental group and those who do not normally exercise were predicted to show larger decreases in state anxiety. All participants completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale at three separate sessions over a two-week time span. Results showed no …
Differences In Visual Field Bias In Emotional Attribution Tasks Between Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders And Typical Development, Rachelle Hansen Brindley, Erica L. Schmidt
Differences In Visual Field Bias In Emotional Attribution Tasks Between Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders And Typical Development, Rachelle Hansen Brindley, Erica L. Schmidt
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by social deficits in emotional comprehension. Since typical emotional attribution improves when using the left visual field, effects of lateralization on facial affect assessment were compared between children with ASD, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and typical development (TD). The ASD group showed significantly lower percent accuracy, longer response time and slower pulse rate than the TD group. Within the ASD group, there was a significant right visual field bias in emotional attribution tasks, which contrasted with the left visual field bias seen within the TD group. The PDD-NOS group demonstrated no …
Is Hypnosis An Appropriate Conjunctive Treatment For Dental Phobia?, Zach Mccready
Is Hypnosis An Appropriate Conjunctive Treatment For Dental Phobia?, Zach Mccready
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
This paper was written to explore the use of hypnosis as a conjunctive treatment. A brief history of hypnosis from ancient times to modern practice is presented as well as public views, mechanisms, effects, uses, evidence, and dentistry-specific case studies. Hypnosis has been both widely accepted and rejected, and its methods and uses have evolved over time. Current research has found neurophysiological evidence to support the use of hypnosis, and it has been successfully used in various fields of practice. No single indicator can prove the phenomenon and its effectiveness is the result of a complex set of procedures. Hypnosis …
Effects Of Letter Transposition In Subliminal Primes On Perceived Content Of Abstract Images, C.S. Bailey, Amanda K. Harsin, Suzie Heffernan
Effects Of Letter Transposition In Subliminal Primes On Perceived Content Of Abstract Images, C.S. Bailey, Amanda K. Harsin, Suzie Heffernan
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Subliminal presentation of a stimulus can influence responses to later stimuli. This effect is known as priming. The current study used Microsoft PowerPoint as a novel, low-cost paradigm to present experimental stimuli. Thirty-one undergraduate participants viewed a PowerPoint presentation that contained conditions with no, with unscrambled, and with center-scrambled sexually-themed messages. The effects of gender, counterbalancing, and type of message on perceived sexual content in experimenter-made inkblots was assessed. The current study failed to find any significant differences or interaction effects between any of the variables. A post-hoc analysis revealed a significant priming effect. Possible confounding variables and suggestions for …
Authority Presence And The Effect On Prejudice, Nicole F. Hofman
Authority Presence And The Effect On Prejudice, Nicole F. Hofman
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
The current study analyzed the relationship between an authority figure's presence and the prevalence of prejudice when sentencing criminals. Eighteen undergraduate students (5 men and 13 women) aged 18 to 21 years, volunteered to participate in the study. Each participant completed the Implicit Association Test (lAT) and completed four fictitious criminal sentences. Significant support was not found for the current hypothesis, although more participants showed prejudice when the authority figure was absent compared to when the individual was present.Women showed prejudicial behavior more often then men when the authority figure was absent. Participants had a tendency to sentence longer for …
Memory Suggestibility In Entry-Level Rotc Students, M.A. Johanson, B.M. Mahaffy
Memory Suggestibility In Entry-Level Rotc Students, M.A. Johanson, B.M. Mahaffy
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
The purpose of the current study was to test the theory that asking leading questions shortly after watching a video clip concerned with military safety will alter the viewer's memory of the events. This study was specifically directed toward a military population and used a military video clip. College students (10 men and 5 women) enrolled in entry-level ROTC classes volunteered to participate. Half of the students participating received questionnaires with leading questions and half did not. Contrary to the predicted hypothesis, the difference found between the numbers of correct answers on the two different questionnaires was not statistically significant.
The Price Of Social Perception: Effects Of Positive And Negative Feedback In Public And Private Spheres, R.D. Dvorak
The Price Of Social Perception: Effects Of Positive And Negative Feedback In Public And Private Spheres, R.D. Dvorak
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
This study examined how feedback affects choice behavior in public and private spheres. Seventy-five undergraduate students (19 men,56 women) participated. Two conditions were presented on a concurrent schedule of MIXED VR30-FR1. Under Condition 1, 5 points were awarded after completing theVR30. Following the FRl, 0-4 points were subtracted and participants received negative feedback. Under Condition 2, 1pointwas awarded following completion of the VR30. Participants received an additional 1point and positive feedback following the FRl. The private group wore headphones; the public group had feedback broadcasted in public. The presupposition that feedback in public would cause more responding in the second …
The Effects Of Perceived Authority On Suggestibility In Interrogation-Like Situations: A Pilot Study, Renae Kotas, Derek Dehne
The Effects Of Perceived Authority On Suggestibility In Interrogation-Like Situations: A Pilot Study, Renae Kotas, Derek Dehne
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
The effect of perceived authority on suggestibility was assessed. Two groups of participants were used, one receiving perceived authority and one receiving none. A military student dressed in fatigues administered the procedure to the first group and a civilian student in street clothes administered to the second. The Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale was used to assess the suggestibility of each group. No significant difference between the groups was found.
Color's Influence On Short-Term Memory In Each Gender, Ryan W. Schroeder
Color's Influence On Short-Term Memory In Each Gender, Ryan W. Schroeder
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
This study evaluated links between gender and short-term memory using coloration of three groups of 12 stimuli: numbers, non-emotion based words, and nonsense syllables. The participants were undergraduate students enrolled at South Dakota State University.The participants viewed these colored stimuli and recalled as many as possible.Using a between subjects design, each group of participants was assigned a specific color.When interpreted with an ANOVA and post-hoc t-tests, neither gender nor color significantly altered recall of stimuli.
The Journal Of Undergraduate Research: Volume 02
The Journal Of Undergraduate Research: Volume 02
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
This is the complete issue of the South Dakota State University Journal of Undergraduate Research, Volume 2.
Normative Evaluation Of A Letter Cancellation Instrument For The Assessment Of Sustained Attention: A Construct Validation Study, Ashley N. Kalina, Suzie A. Walgrave
Normative Evaluation Of A Letter Cancellation Instrument For The Assessment Of Sustained Attention: A Construct Validation Study, Ashley N. Kalina, Suzie A. Walgrave
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cancellation tests are simple instruments that have traditionally been used to study sustained attention. Common formats follow a test pattern in which rows of letters symbols or numbers are randomly interspersed with designated targets. Test participants are generally asked to identify targets while ignoring similar non-target distracter items. In the current study we present normative data on a new cancellation instrument developed at SDSU. We present guidelines for administration, as well as normative data on omission errors, commission errors, mean target hit rates, processing speed performance, and test-retest reliability for 102 undergraduate participants in the 18-25 year old age range. …
Program Contents Influence On Effectiveness Of Advertising, Sonja Bliss, Doug Boe
Program Contents Influence On Effectiveness Of Advertising, Sonja Bliss, Doug Boe
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
The hypothesis for this study was that program content would have an effect on a person's ability to recall commercials contained in that program. One hundred and seventy-six college students viewed one of three types of programs: a neutral program, a sexually explicit program, or a program that contained vulgarity. All three programs contained the same commercials. Free recall of commercials and cued recall of commercials was assessed. Program content was shown to have a significant effect on the number of commercials freely recalled and the total number of commercials recalled, thus supporting the hypothesis. Today, advertising is a huge …
Olfactory Recognition In Couples, Kristin R. Demars, Joshua M. Seezs
Olfactory Recognition In Couples, Kristin R. Demars, Joshua M. Seezs
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
The present study is an attempt to examine if couples can recognize the body odor of their significant other in a t-shirt worn for two days. Nine couples were in the experimental group (couples who had been dating at least six months), while the control group consisted of eight women and seven men (strangers to each other at the beginning of the study). The hypothesis that previous experience improves correct olfactory identification was not supported. When compared to women in the control group, men in the control group were better at recognizing their own shirt. When compared to men in …
The Effects Of Perceived Disability On The Helping Behavior Of Strangers, Alison E. Finstad
The Effects Of Perceived Disability On The Helping Behavior Of Strangers, Alison E. Finstad
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
The study investigated the effects of perceived disability on the helping behavior of strangers. The investigators, one male and one female, appeared as either disabled or non-disabled, while unknowingly dropping their keys in front of a stranger. The investigators demonstrated three levels of need: no need/ no disability, in which the investigator did not appear in need or disabled; in need/ no disability, in which the investigator carried bags of groceries to appear "in need"; and disabled, in which the investigator used crutches and wore a leg cast. Eighteen randomly selected male and female participants were chosen based on convenience. …
Effect Of Instruction Type On Successful Completion Of A Task, Trevor A. Clements, Charles Norton
Effect Of Instruction Type On Successful Completion Of A Task, Trevor A. Clements, Charles Norton
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Instructions play a valuable part in modern society, but their effectiveness is often questioned. In this study, 33 undergraduate students completed a series of simple Lego® tasks using three forms of instructional methods. Step-by-step instructions consisting of written instructions, pictorial instructions, or a combination of the two were tested. The number of correctly completed steps and total time taken for each task was collected. Although there was no difference in accuracy with pictorial or combined instruction types, both written and combined instruction types resulted in greater accuracy. No difference between the pictorial and combined instructions could be found, however. The …
The Effects Of Hard Rock Music On Aggression In College Students, Jacqueline Goos
The Effects Of Hard Rock Music On Aggression In College Students, Jacqueline Goos
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
The aggression levels of college students was measured after listening to either a hard rock song. The Used's (2002) Maybe Memories, or an upbeat jazz song, Scott Joplin's (1899) The Entertainer. Each song was edited into the background of a neutral video of the South Dakota State University campus. After viewing the short film clip, a modified version of the Buss and Durkee's (1981) Hostility Inventory was completed. The name of the inventory was changed to "Aspects of Personality" to reduce potential bias. The results of this study do not show that hard rock music increased college students' aggression level.