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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Ruminators (Unlike Others) Fail To Show Suppression-Induced Forgetting On Indirect Measures Of Memory, Paula T. Hertel, Amaris Maydon, Ashley Ogilvie, Nilly Mor
Ruminators (Unlike Others) Fail To Show Suppression-Induced Forgetting On Indirect Measures Of Memory, Paula T. Hertel, Amaris Maydon, Ashley Ogilvie, Nilly Mor
Psychology Faculty Research
Suppression is a useful everyday skill leading to the clinically important outcome of forgetting. Suppression-induced forgetting, investigated with the think/no-think (TNT) paradigm, is typically demonstrated on direct tests of memory, even though indirect tests are often more ecologically valid. We report results from two TNT experiments terminating in indirect tests—tests that seem not to measure memory. For a subset of the participants in Experiment 1, latencies to rate word valence were delayed by flankers previously learned but not by flankers previously learned and then suppressed on 16 occasions. For a similar subset in Experiment 2, cue meaning denoted by free …
Distracted By Cues For Suppressed Memories, Paula T. Hertel, Jeffrey A. Hayes
Distracted By Cues For Suppressed Memories, Paula T. Hertel, Jeffrey A. Hayes
Psychology Faculty Research
We examined the potential cost of practicing suppression of negative thoughts for subsequent performance in an unrelated task. Cues for previously suppressed and baseline responses in a think/no-think procedure were displayed as irrelevant flankers for neutral words to be judged for emotional valence. These critical flankers were homographs with one negative meaning denoted by their paired responses during learning. Suppression cues as flankers delayed responding to the targets, compared to baseline cues and new negative homographs, but only following direct-suppression instructions and not when benign substitutes had been provided to aid suppression. On the final recall test, suppression-induced forgetting (SIF) …
Suppression-Induced Reduction In The Specificity Of Autobiographical Memories, Elizabeth Stephens, Amy Braid, Paula T. Hertel
Suppression-Induced Reduction In The Specificity Of Autobiographical Memories, Elizabeth Stephens, Amy Braid, Paula T. Hertel
Psychology Faculty Research
To extend its relevance to everyday forgetting, we applied the think/no-think (TNT) suppression method devised by Anderson and Green (2001) to autobiographical memories. Dysphoric and nondysphoric participants first generated autobiographical memories and corresponding titles to neutral and emotionally positive or negative cues. During the TNT phase, participants repeatedly practiced responding to some cues with their associated titles and avoiding thoughts about titles and memories associated with other cues. Later, they were asked to report memories associated with all cues, including baseline cues not presented during the TNT phase. Results revealed impaired recall, as measured by reductions in specificity, for suppressed …
Suppression-Induced Forgetting On A Free-Association Test, Paula T. Hertel, Daniel Large, Ellen Stuck, Allison Levy
Suppression-Induced Forgetting On A Free-Association Test, Paula T. Hertel, Daniel Large, Ellen Stuck, Allison Levy
Psychology Faculty Research
The repeated suppression of thoughts in response to cues for their expression leads to forgetting on a subsequent test of cued recall (Anderson & Green, 2001). We extended this effect by using homograph cues and presenting them for free association following suppression practice. Cue-target pairs were first learned under integrating imagery instructions; then in the think/no-think phase students practiced suppressing thoughts connected to some homograph cues, with or without the assistance of thought substitutes that changed their meaning. Below-baseline forgetting on the subsequent free-association test was found in the production of suppressed targets. Following aided suppression, this effect was also …
The Suppressive Power Of Positive Thinking: Aiding Suppression-Induced Forgetting In Repressive Coping, Paula T. Hertel, L. Mcdaniel
The Suppressive Power Of Positive Thinking: Aiding Suppression-Induced Forgetting In Repressive Coping, Paula T. Hertel, L. Mcdaniel
Psychology Faculty Research
Participants scoring high and low on a measure of repressive coping style (Mendolia, 2002) first learned a series of related word pairs (cue-target). Half of the cues were homographs. In the subsequent think/no-think phase (Anderson & Green, 2001), they responded with targets on some trials and suppressed thoughts of targets on others. Suppressed targets were always emotionally negative, as were targets associated with baseline cues reserved for the final test. Some participants were provided with emotionally benign or positive substitutes to help them suppress, and these substitutes were related to different meanings of the homographic cues, compared to those established …
Practical Aspects Of Emotion And Memory, Paula T. Hertel
Practical Aspects Of Emotion And Memory, Paula T. Hertel
Psychology Faculty Research
Can anyone doubt that the study of emotion and memory should have practical implications? Surely not those among us who have had emotional experiences and sometimes try to forget them, to remember them, or to remember other things while having them. Extreme examples include the witness to a robbery and the victim of abuse. Less dramatically but far more commonly, anxious or depressed people perform everyday acts that are memory dependent. Indeed, a practical or useful science of memory should have a great deal to say about how memory works under such emotional conditions.