Psychology Commons^™

Utilizing The Alarm Taxonomy And Classification System (Atacs) To Redesign Landing Gear Warnings, Stephen Rice, Ryan Lange, Sean R. Crouse, Scott R. Winter, Ryan J. Wallace

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Alarms have been in use for many decades, yet there still needs to be more clarity about what makes a good alarm. Vendors and government agencies have developed several useful handbooks describing the Do’s and Don’ts of effective alarm design; however, to date, we cannot find a comprehensive quantitative taxonomy or classification system that allows researchers to easily score and rank various alarm designs in any field—while using a common language that users, engineers, designers, and human factors professionals can understand. The Alarm Taxonomy and Classification System (ATACS) fills this gap in the literature by breaking alarms down into categorical …

The Influence Of Personality, Safety Attitudes, And Risk Perception Of Pilots: A Modeling And Mediation Perspective, Scott R. Winter, Joseph R. Keebler, Tracy L. Lamb, Richard Simonson, Robert Thomas, Stephen Rice

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to assess the influence of personality traits on safety attitudes and risk perceptions. Background: The ability to accurately assess risk remains a focal point of aviation training. This research seeks to understand if safety attitudes serve as a mediator. Method: Using a sample of 2,857 pilots, a statistical model was created through two independent stages. In stage 1, approximately 50% of the data were used to create the model using structural equation modeling techniques, and in stage 2, the model was independently validated. Results: The findings indicated that personality factors positively influenced …

Creation Of Two Valid Scales: Willingness To Fly In An Aircraft And Willingness To Pilot An Aircraft, Stephen Rice, Scott R. Winter, John Capps, Justin Trombley, John Robbins, Mattie Milner, Tracy L. Lamb

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The purpose of the current study was to develop two scales that could be used concurrently or independently to measure passenger willingness to fly (WTF), and aviator willingness to pilot (WTP), respectively. This is especially useful to determine challenges involving acceptance of new aviation technology for both pilots and passengers. There were five stages in developing the WTF scale for passengers, following Hinkin’s scale development process. Cronbach’s Alpha and Guttmann’s Split Half tests were used to confirm high internal consistency and reliability, while factor analysis was used to confirm construct validity. The scale was tested in order to confirm sensitivity …

A Practical Guide For Using Electronic Surveys In Aviation Research: Best Practices Explained, Stephen Rice, Scott R. Winter

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The purpose of this article is to provide aviation researchers who are interested in using Internet-based surveys with a justification and guide, along with best practices. A brief review of research methods, research design, and research methodologies precedes information on the types of research questions that can best be answered using survey research. The interaction of survey instruments and research design is discussed, such as using a survey instrument in an experimental design. Advantages and disadvantages of paper and electronic distribution are presented to help guide researchers into the best approach given their proposed goals. Guidance is also offered on …

There Is A Bias In Aviation Against Research That Is Perceived To Be “Easy”, Stephen Rice, Scott R. Winter, Nicola M. O'Toole

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The purpose of conducting research is to make contributions to the body of knowledge. In managing research studies, researchers are often forced to make decisions on a series of tradeoffs due to scarce resources. They may have to select participants from certain accessible populations, limit the time required to conduct the study, or use a minimal number of researchers due to funding constraints. The purpose of this current study was to examine for a possible bias on the perceived value of scientific research based on the location in which the data was collected, the amount of time required to complete …

To Drive Or Fly: Will Driverless Cars Significantly Disrupt Commercial Airline Travel?, Stephen Rice, Scott R. Winter

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

In the past, commercial airlines and automobiles have shared a symbiotic relationship and rarely compete directly with each other except for very short flights. However, with driverless vehicles on the horizon, many of which will be made available to the average American consumer within a few years, the airline industry may find that they are now facing a competitor that is unlike anything they have seen in the past. In the current paper, we analyze some of the issues that the airline industry will encounter, and provide consumer survey data that shows that at least 10% of the flying public …

Attitudes Toward Controlled Rest In Position (Crip): A Gender Comparison Between Pilots And Non-Pilots, Stephen Rice, Scott R. Winter, Gajapriya Tamilselvan, Mattie N. Milner

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Prior studies demonstrate that controlled rest in position (CRIP) may help compensate for pilot fatigue. CRIP allows for one pilot to nap in their cockpit seat during the cruise phase of flight, provided that certain policies and procedures are followed by the other crew members during this period. The purpose of this research was to gather information from consumers and pilots on their willingness to fly if the pilots utilized CRIP. Our project employed a two-study design that manipulated both the length of the flight and the number of passengers onboard. Additionally, affect measures were collected through the use of …

A Conceptual Model For A Universal Severity Of Emergency Report (User): An Example In Aviation, Scott R. Winter, Stephen Rice, Mattie Milner, William B. Coyne, Martin Lauth, Clyde Rinkinen

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

In emergency situations, it is important that information be communicated quickly, concisely, and efficiently. Breakdowns can occur when the receiver of the emergency call does not fully understand the information that the person is sending. The purpose of this paper is to present a new model for enhancing communication between the sender and receiver in emergency situations. The Universal Severity of Emergency Report (USER) is a model designed to be used in emergency situations and convey more information about the current state of the person declaring the emergency than is currently offered by emergency communication channels. USER provides three key …

Stress Coping Strategies In Indian Military Pilots-Preliminary Observations, Catherine Joseph

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

ABSTRACT

In aviators, stress coping has been linked to flying performance and has a bearing on flight safety and mission effectiveness. The objective of this research was to study coping strategies utilized by Indian military pilots. A sample of 160 military pilots was asked to complete a demographic data sheet and the Stress Coping Checklist. Preliminary findings suggest that, Indian pilots use flexible problem and emotion focussed coping strategies. This issue needs to be taken into account in both occupational and clinical realms of future research investigations on aviators.

User Interface Design Recommendations For Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (Suas), Camilo Jimenez, Caitlin L. Faerevaag, Florian Jentsch

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The number of small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) has dramatically increased in recent years. As a consequence, the number of incidents involving manned and unmanned aircraft has soared. For this reason, the Federal Aviation Administration has released a notice of proposed rulemaking to delineate the operational limitations for sUAS. Many efforts have been introduced to regulate the operations of these systems and educate operators. Despite these efforts, there are no clear standards related to the type of information that should be available to operators, or how this information should be conveyed during flight operations. For this reason we present a …

Consumer Perceptions Of Starting Regional Pilot Pay Given Additional Qualifications, Scott R. Winter, Stephen Rice, Timothy G. Rosser, Rian Mehta, Ayu Rice

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Public Law 111-216, passed in 2010, has drastically increased the required number of flight hours necessary to become a commercial airline pilot from 250 hours to 1,500 hours in the United States. Intended to increase the safety and qualifications of commercial airline pilots, one possible unintended consequence may be fewer pilots pursuing an airline career due to increased training costs, with no apparent increase in starting salary. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine consumer perceptions of how much additional pay starting first officers should make based on this new law. American participants from Amazon’s ® Mechanical Turk …

Passengers From India And The United States Have Differential Opinions About Autonomous Auto-Pilots For Commercial Flights, Stephen Rice, Keegan Kraemer, Scott R. Winter, Rian Mehta, Victoria Dunbar, Timothy G. Rosser, Julie C. Moore

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

There has been much previous research on cultural differences between the United States and India, as well as some research on consumer attitudes towards auto-pilots in commercial airlines. However, to date, there has been no research that examines how passengers from different countries feel about auto-pilots and remote-controlled (RC) pilots in commercial aircraft, or how they feel about their co-workers or children flying in these situations. The current study manipulates both the type of pilot (human pilot, auto-pilot, and RC pilot) and the passenger (participant, child of participant, or work colleague) and examines three different dependent variables (comfort level, trust …