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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Preferring Positivity : Age Differences In Judgments Of Learning And Memory For Emotionally-Valenced Words, Edie Sanders
Preferring Positivity : Age Differences In Judgments Of Learning And Memory For Emotionally-Valenced Words, Edie Sanders
Honors Theses
Many changes occur with age, including changes in emotion regulation and memory. The Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (Carstensen, 2006) posits that older adults tend to be more concerned with emotionally meaningful goals and therefore experience what is called the “positivity effect” with age. The positivity effect results in a bias in attention and memory towards positive stimuli over neutral and negative stimuli. Age-related changes also arise in memory monitoring, specifically in Judgments of Learning (JOLs), when individuals learn emotional words. We examined the presence of the positivity effect in memory and JOLs for positive, negative, and neutral words. Younger and older …
Eating Your Feelings: The Relationship Between Core Affect And Food Choices, Kana V. Rolett
Eating Your Feelings: The Relationship Between Core Affect And Food Choices, Kana V. Rolett
Honors Theses
The psychology of eating behavior is increasingly important given that more than one- third of Americans are obese, with 74% of men considered overweight or obese (Overweight and Obesity Statistics, 2012). This study examines the relationship between core affect and healthy food choices. Though previous research has examined relationships between specific emotions and eating behavior, little is known about core affect or about these relationships in more naturalistic settings (outside the lab). To evaluate the role of core affect in healthy food choices, a field study was conducted in the University of Richmond (UR) dining hall to measure UR students’ …
Effect Of Behavioral Intervention Training On Parents' Stress, Parenting Behaviors And Self-Efficacy, Emily Schworer
Effect Of Behavioral Intervention Training On Parents' Stress, Parenting Behaviors And Self-Efficacy, Emily Schworer
Honors Theses
For children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs), early intervention is incredibly important. In order for a behavioral intervention to be fully effective, it needs to be followed at all times of the day, not just during school hours. Because of this, a key factor during intervention is the involvement of parents of the child with the disorder. Parents/caregivers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders participating in behavioral interventions at the Faison School for Autism were surveyed in order to find out more about strategies used when implementing a child’s behavioral plan at home, and also their overall understanding of the …
A Comparison Of Mindfulness And Incremental Theory Based Interventions, Kelsey Greenfield
A Comparison Of Mindfulness And Incremental Theory Based Interventions, Kelsey Greenfield
Honors Theses
In only a span of 20 years, the prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased in the United States. Thirty five percent of adults and seventeen percent of children are obese. Every state has an obesity prevalence of over twenty percent (CDC, 2013). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention defines obesity as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater. A person's weight and height are used to calculate BMI, which indicates level of body fatness that may lead to health problems (CDC, 2013). From the economy to healthcare, this weight trend has turned into a phenomenon that …
Forgiveness As A Mechanism Of Self-Regulation : An Ego-Depletion Model, Lindsay Myerberg
Forgiveness As A Mechanism Of Self-Regulation : An Ego-Depletion Model, Lindsay Myerberg
Honors Theses
Revenge is the natural human response to interpersonal transgressions. However, given the benefits of forgiveness, it is important to consider how forgiveness can be facilitated. Many factors have been shown to be associated with forgiveness, ranging from situational factors (e.g., perception of the transgression) to dispositional factors (e.g., personality traits). This study aims to extend research on the factors that are associated with forgiveness, and determine the processes on which forgiveness relies. To demonstrate that forgiveness requires self-regulation, Study 1 examines if ego-depletion decreases willingness to forgive, and Study 2 examines if glucose consumption can negate this ego-depletion effect. Results …
Friendship And Problem Solving : The Effect Of Various Situations On Co-Rumination In Emerging Adulthood Friendships, Kelly Larsen
Friendship And Problem Solving : The Effect Of Various Situations On Co-Rumination In Emerging Adulthood Friendships, Kelly Larsen
Honors Theses
Co-rumination is the act of negatively discussing problems with another person. The focus of co-rumination is generally on the negative aspects, or things that cannot be changed as opposed to active problem solving. Co-rumination is positively associated with positive friendship quality as well as internalizing symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Co-rumination is most commonly studied in children and adolescents, but the present study extends this research by looking at the undergraduate population. In addition the current study aims to find differences in co-rumination in response to four different hypothetical scenarios. One hundred and thirty one students at the University …
The Influence Of Auditory Stimuli On Judgements Of Word Valence, Chris E. Chandler
The Influence Of Auditory Stimuli On Judgements Of Word Valence, Chris E. Chandler
Honors Theses
The present study examined the link between affect and auditory stimuli in three parts. The first sought to determine the affective norms for the auditory stimuli. The second assessed the influence of a musical note’s register on the evaluation of a positive or negative word, while the third assessed the influence of harmonic musical intervals. Participants were simultaneously presented with auditory stimuli and a word, and their task was to judge as quickly as possible whether the word was positive or negative by pressing a corresponding key. It was hypothesized that congruence between auditory valence and word valence would facilitate …
The Cinematic Effect Of Love Addiction On Metaphorical Preferences, Taylor Ann Daniel
The Cinematic Effect Of Love Addiction On Metaphorical Preferences, Taylor Ann Daniel
Honors Theses
The cinematic effects of Fatal Attraction, a negative depiction of love addiction, and Wuthering Heights, a positive depiction of love addiction, were used to test their effect on students' metaphorical love preferences. Eight of Robert Sternberg's love metaphors were selected and, based on participants' metaphorical choices, an unhealthy and healthy group were created. It was hypothesized that both the unhealthy and healthy group would be unaffected after watching Fatal Attraction, but that Wuthering Heights would affect a change in the healthy group towards more unhealthy, addictive metaphors, while not affecting a change in the unhealthy group. The …
When The Equality Rule Is Violated : Factors Affecting Consumption Of Physical, Spatial And Temporal Resources, Caryn E. Herlocker
When The Equality Rule Is Violated : Factors Affecting Consumption Of Physical, Spatial And Temporal Resources, Caryn E. Herlocker
Honors Theses
Three studies explored the processes by which different types of shared resources were consumed by group members. Subjects shared physical, spatial, and temporal resources. The resources were arranged in either a partitioned or nonpartitioned form. Subjects did so with an implied withdrawal of either onethird or one-twelfth and while participating in either a sharing or an accuracy instruction. Results for each resource provided partial support for a deliberate motive of greed and an inadvertent overestimation bias affecting subjects' withdrawals. The results also suggest that different types of resources may be consumed according to different criteria. Suggestions are made for methodological …
Activation Of Social Heuristics In Social Decision Making Tasks As A Function Of Leadership Role Assignment, Amber B. Keating
Activation Of Social Heuristics In Social Decision Making Tasks As A Function Of Leadership Role Assignment, Amber B. Keating
Honors Theses
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of assigning leadership roles implying varying degrees of social responsibility along with examining lay peoples' perceptions of these roles. Using 105 subjects, a 3 (leadership role) x 2 (resource type) design was used to examine how leaders make decisions about sharing resources in groups. First, 41 subjects rated the perceived degree of social responsibility for each of the 32 roles. In the next phase, another 64 subjects were assigned one of three leadership roles (supervisor, guide, or leader) and were asked to take that type of leader's deserved amount of …
Self Efficacy, Locus Of Control, And Physical Ability, E. Catherine Edmiston
Self Efficacy, Locus Of Control, And Physical Ability, E. Catherine Edmiston
Honors Theses
This research investigated the relationship among two personality variables- locus of control (LOC) and self efficacy (SE)- and perceptions of physical ability for a specific sport. In the first phase of the research, tennis players (12-14 year old males), their parents, their coaches, and three objective raters were asked to rate the players' physical talent. In phase two the players were ranked by a computer that based the rankings on their overall performance for a year. After these rankings were published the same groups were again asked to rate the players' physical talent. The ratings are compared to each other …
Self Efficacy, Locus Of Control, And Task Difficulty As Predictors In Athletic Competition, Glen F. Cox
Self Efficacy, Locus Of Control, And Task Difficulty As Predictors In Athletic Competition, Glen F. Cox
Honors Theses
With the increasingly competitive nature of athletics today there has been a great deal of interest in the various factors contributing to athletic success. Athletes are bigger and faster, stronger and more physically fit than ever before. Yet there is another factor, a psychological one, that seems to be a key ingredient in the ultimate success of any athlete.
The Effect Of Parental Pressure On Athletic Performance, Jessica A. Bumsted
The Effect Of Parental Pressure On Athletic Performance, Jessica A. Bumsted
Honors Theses
The current study will focus on the role of the parent in the child's youth sport involvement, concentrating primarily on the socialization process into sport, the effects of parental pressure and expectations (perceived by both parent and child), conceptions of ability, and a child's attributions to success and/or failure in terms of locus of control and self-efficacy.
Personality And Behavioral Characteristics Important To The Coach/Athlete Relationship, Michael A. Zacharias
Personality And Behavioral Characteristics Important To The Coach/Athlete Relationship, Michael A. Zacharias
Honors Theses
Research in the area of sport psychology has grown tremendously over the past twenty years. One area, in particular, that has been researched a great deal is the idea of the typical athletic personality. (Fletcher and Dowell, 1971; Foster, 1977; Morgan and Johnson, 1978; and Morris, Vaccaro and Clarke, 1979 are examples.) Does the personality of the athlete differ from that of the non-athlete? Of particular concern are the areas of personality dealing with locus control and self-esteem. Locus of control is distributed along the internal/external dimension. Internal control was defined by Rotter, Livenant and Seeman (1962) as the perception …
A Comparison Of The Responses Of Achievers And Underachievers In A Junior High School On A Biographical Questionnaire, Claude Ashburn Sandy
A Comparison Of The Responses Of Achievers And Underachievers In A Junior High School On A Biographical Questionnaire, Claude Ashburn Sandy
Honors Theses
The purpose of the present study is to discover some of the biographical factors (personal, family, and environmental) which are characteristic of a majority of underachievers in junior high school. The discovery of these factors may lead to the development of an instrument which would assist in the detection, early in school, of an underachieving predisposition. This seems to be a logical possibility in view of a study by Shaw and Mccuen (1960). Their results indicated individual patterns of academic achievement for male and female underachievers beginning early in elementary school. Further, the classification of these factors by content may …