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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Vocational Expectations From Adolescence To Early Adulthood: An Integrative Exploration Of Their Formation, Consistency, Change, And Predictive Value, Leah Hope Schultz
Vocational Expectations From Adolescence To Early Adulthood: An Integrative Exploration Of Their Formation, Consistency, Change, And Predictive Value, Leah Hope Schultz
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Career expectations show predictive validity for future job selection and work outcomes above traditional vocational interest inventories, yet are rarely tracked longitudinally. The current study explored characteristics of adolescents’ freely reported career expectations by examining their formation, typical trajectories of their development, individual differences in their development, and their utility as predictors of life outcomes. Though some past research has examined longitudinal trends in adolescents’ career expectations, this was the first study to assign dimensional RIASEC scores to participants’ expected occupations rather than a single categorical code. Using data from 21,444 students in the High School Longitudinal Study (HSLS 09:16; …
Personalized Models Of Social Anxiety Disorder And Depression, Marilyn L. Piccirillo
Personalized Models Of Social Anxiety Disorder And Depression, Marilyn L. Piccirillo
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is an important risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD) and together this comorbidity constitutes a highly impairing syndrome and vicious cycle of symptomatology, associated with tremendous health costs and societal burden. Despite much group-level research examining risk factor for MDD specifically, there is limited group and individual-level research evaluating how individuals with SAD transition into depressive episodes. Clinical and theoretical evidence suggests that each patient may exhibit a unique personalized pattern of risk factors. These idiographic patterns may contradict relationships seen at the group level. In this dissertation, women (N = 35) with SAD and …
Decision-Making Difficulty In Major Depression: Understanding Indecisiveness And The Role Of Expected Affect, Haijing Wu Hallenbeck
Decision-Making Difficulty In Major Depression: Understanding Indecisiveness And The Role Of Expected Affect, Haijing Wu Hallenbeck
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Decision-making difficulty is a prevalent symptom among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Decision-making difficulty has been found to be pervasive across different areas of decision-making in current MDD; however, its exact nature for some areas (e.g., indecisiveness) is not well characterized, and the extent to which it is a scar of MDD is not determined. Furthermore, affective disturbances (e.g., in expected affect) have been theorized to contribute to decision-making difficulty in MDD, but empirical studies are needed to test this theory. In my two-study dissertation on depression, Study 1 focused on the dimensionality and validity of indecisiveness, and Study …
On Staying Open While Seeing Red: Predicting Open-Mindedness And Affect In Politics, Emily Hanson
On Staying Open While Seeing Red: Predicting Open-Mindedness And Affect In Politics, Emily Hanson
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation examines whether people who claim to be dispositionally open-minded, do in fact, demonstrate such open-mindedness when they are actually presented with political opinions that run counter to their own. In Study 1, participants rated their partisan identity and dispositional open-mindedness prior to reacting to a series of fictional Facebook posts that varied in both their political ideology and political extremity. The results of this study demonstrated that the most consistent predictor of �open� reactions (operationalized in terms of both cognitive judgements and affective reactions) to each type of Facebook post was whether it was congruent with the participants� …
A Mega-Analysis Of Personality Prediction: Robustness And Boundary Conditions, Emorie Danielle Beck
A Mega-Analysis Of Personality Prediction: Robustness And Boundary Conditions, Emorie Danielle Beck
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Decades of research suggest that personality is an important and robust predictor of life outcomes. However, previous investigations of personality-outcome associations have not adequately accounted for reverse causality and selection bias nor have they examined the boundary conditions of the effects, which has left the robustness conditions of personality-outcome associations unknown. The present study examines the robustness and boundary conditions of personality prediction using 14 personality characteristics to predict 14 health, social, education/work, and societal life outcomes across eight different person- and study-level moderators in 10 longitudinal panel studies in a mega-analytic framework coupled with propensity score matching to control …
Neural Mechanisms Of Cognitive Individual Difference: An Investigation Of The Human Connectome Project, Shelly Renee Cooper
Neural Mechanisms Of Cognitive Individual Difference: An Investigation Of The Human Connectome Project, Shelly Renee Cooper
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Considering individual differences in task activation functional magnetic resonance imaging (t-fMRI) can be challenging because they may arise from variability in activity in brain regions, in the tasks themselves, or some combination thereof. Delineating sources of between-subjects variance is particularly important for cognitive control where task goals are at the forefront. Here we applied structural equation modeling (SEM) to the Human Connectome Project to examine if activity could be partitioned into separable brain and task individual difference dimensions. A series of SEMs were defined with varying numbers of latent factors, where the inputs were parcels of two cognitive control-related brain …
Understanding Task Interference In Prospective Memory Using On-Line Probes: Strategic Delay Or Limited-Capacity Monitoring?, Francis T. Anderson
Understanding Task Interference In Prospective Memory Using On-Line Probes: Strategic Delay Or Limited-Capacity Monitoring?, Francis T. Anderson
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In prospective memory (PM) research, a common finding is that people are generally slower to respond to a given ongoing task (OT) when they have to perform a PM task concurrently, as compared to performing the OT alone. Multiprocess theory claims that this slowing, termed task interference, is indicative of monitoring processes. Monitoring is thought to be cognitively demanding and heavily reliant on working memory, as people hold their intention in mind and look for features relevant to the PM task. PM decision control (PMDC) theory, instead, proposes that task interference reflects a strategic and intentional delay strategy. To address …
The Effects Of Monitoring Expression And Outgroup Familiarity On Judgments Of Other-Race Interaction Partners, Katlin Bentley
The Effects Of Monitoring Expression And Outgroup Familiarity On Judgments Of Other-Race Interaction Partners, Katlin Bentley
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Research on emotion communication demonstrates that people are more accurate at recognizing emotion when evaluating members of one’s racial ingroup compared to assessments made for outgroups. It is unclear what leads us to make erroneous outgroup judgments. Two factors may play a central role in this process: judges’ attentiveness to and knowledge about partners’ group-specific expressive behaviors. In this project, I tested moderators of people’s ability to accurately detect emotions during an in-person interaction when paired with a same- or other-race partner. Findings indicate that when playing a cooperative game, people are surprisingly adept at accurately judging outgroup emotions, but …
Patterns Of General- And Eating Disorder-Related Psychopathology In Relation To Weight Change In Treatment-Seeking Children, Anne Claire Grammer
Patterns Of General- And Eating Disorder-Related Psychopathology In Relation To Weight Change In Treatment-Seeking Children, Anne Claire Grammer
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Few studies have examined the compounded impact of general psychopathology and eating disorder (ED) psychopathology on weight change in youth with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). We characterized patterns of general psychopathology and ED psychopathology in children with OW/OB and examined the impact on weight change following family-based behavioral obesity treatment (FBT). Children (n=172) with OW/OB participated in 4 months of FBT. General psychopathology (i.e., anxiety, depression), ED psychopathology (i.e., shape concern, weight concern, loss of control (LOC) eating), and child percent overweight (%OW) were assessed at baseline. Latent profile analysis identified patterns of general and ED psychopathology at baseline. Multiple linear regression …
Executive Ability Difficulties In Everyday Contexts Among Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Neco Johnson
Executive Ability Difficulties In Everyday Contexts Among Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Neco Johnson
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Executive Ability Difficulties in Everyday Contexts among Children with Sickle Cell Disease Objective: The present study investigated the utility of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) in identifying executive ability difficulties in everyday contexts among children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Method: Participants were 243 children with SCD and 409 typically-developing control children ranging from 5.0 to 18.3 years of age (M=10.5, SD=3.4). The primary outcome, reported executive ability difficulties, was assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) Parent Form. IQ was estimated using the Weschler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). Sociodemographic information was obtained …
Quality Of Sleep, Stress, And Exercise: Effects Of Environmental And Lifestyle Factors On Spatial Navigation In Older Adults, Hannah Maybrier
Quality Of Sleep, Stress, And Exercise: Effects Of Environmental And Lifestyle Factors On Spatial Navigation In Older Adults, Hannah Maybrier
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: With increasing age, many adults experience reduced spatial navigation ability, with the most prominent reductions in tasks dependent on the hippocampus. Hippocampal dysfunction may be linked to age-related increases in sleep fragmentation, which results in reduced neurogenesis and long-term potentiation. This project aims to determine if age-related reductions in hippocampal-dependent navigation ability and strategy selection are mediated by impaired sleep. Further, we propose that the effects of sleep on navigation are moderated by psychological stress and physical activity. Methods: 36 older (m: 70, sd: 7) and 33 younger (m: 20, sd: 1.5) adults recorded one week of sleep via …
About Face: Seeing The Talker Improves Spoken Word Recognition But Increases Listening Effort, Violet Brown
About Face: Seeing The Talker Improves Spoken Word Recognition But Increases Listening Effort, Violet Brown
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
It is widely accepted that seeing a talker improves a listener’s ability to understand what a talker is saying in background noise (e.g., Erber, 1969; Sumby & Pollack, 1954). The literature is mixed, however, regarding the influence of the visual modality on the listening effort required to recognize speech (e.g., Fraser, Gagné, Alepins, & Dubois, 2010; Sommers & Phelps, 2016). Here, we present data showing that even when the visual modality robustly benefits recognition, processing audiovisual speech can still result in greater cognitive load than processing speech in the auditory modality alone. We show using a dual-task paradigm …