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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Personality As A Moderator Of The Relationship Between Stress And Academic Deviance, Aaron Williams
Personality As A Moderator Of The Relationship Between Stress And Academic Deviance, Aaron Williams
Modern Psychological Studies
Academic deviance poses a continual threat to the education system from its persistence through generations and its presence in almost every form of institutionalized education (Davis et al., 1992). The aim of the present study was to integrate both situational and individual components of stress to examine their influence on academic deviance while testing the moderating role of trait impulsiveness on the degree of academic deviance displayed. Participants were 125 (98 women, 27 men) college students at a private university in the southern region of the United States. The Academic Dishonesty Inventory (Lucas, 2005) was used to measure academic deviance, …
Drinking And Driving: A Bivariate Examination Of Select Correlates Of Drunk Driving Among Adolescents, Linda Cirillo
Drinking And Driving: A Bivariate Examination Of Select Correlates Of Drunk Driving Among Adolescents, Linda Cirillo
Modern Psychological Studies
Using the 2009 YRBS data set, this study examined bivariate correlations between select correlates of drunk driving among adolescents. Results show statistically significant correlations between age at first drink, binge drink, and marijuana use and drunk driving. While there has been a slight downward trend in reported incidents of current drinking and driving among adolescents (CDC, 2012), the social, emotional, and economic costs to families and communities remain high. For these reasons, there is a continued need for education of drinking impairment with adolescents to emphasize that driving is a privilege not a right and can have detrimental consequences when …
Narcissism And Altruism Among Undergraduate Business And Religion Majors, Dillon Jones, Kerri Carden, Randy Carden
Narcissism And Altruism Among Undergraduate Business And Religion Majors, Dillon Jones, Kerri Carden, Randy Carden
Modern Psychological Studies
Research has suggested links between narcissism, unethical behavior, and undergraduate business majors. It has been theorized that altruism has a negative relationship with narcissism and research has suggested that religiosity is linked to disapproval of the unethical. Based on this information, the current study hypothesized that business majors would score higher on narcissism than religion majors, measured as selfism using the Phares and Erskine Selfism Test. The current study also hypothesized that religion majors would score higher on altruism than business majors, measured by Johnson's Self-Report Altruism Scale. Forty-one male and 27 female undergraduates majoring in either business or religion …
What A Girl Wants: Female Mate Selection In Terms Of Monetary Resources And Number Of Children, Stefanit Tucker
What A Girl Wants: Female Mate Selection In Terms Of Monetary Resources And Number Of Children, Stefanit Tucker
Modern Psychological Studies
Several evolutionary theories provide the framework for assessing modern mate selection. Previous research in female mate selection has left a gap in whether and how number of children a male has can impact the perception of monetary resources he possesses and subsequently his desirability as a mate. The present investigation thus set out to examine resource-related differences among males with average ($50,001-75,000) and above average incomes (>$150,000) by analyzing data available through the online dating website, match.com. Furthermore, the geographic locations of New York, New York and Louisville, Kentucky were used to both refine results but also maintain genera …
An Introspective Analysis Of The Etiological Relationships Of Psychopathy In Serial Killers And Successful Business Men, Krystina L. Quow
An Introspective Analysis Of The Etiological Relationships Of Psychopathy In Serial Killers And Successful Business Men, Krystina L. Quow
Modern Psychological Studies
Ted Bundy. Jeffrey Dahmer. Charles Manson. Decades following their acts of violence, their names continue to incite fear as well as perplexity into the motivations that brought about their heinous crimes. As individuals possessing psychopathic personalities, they used their charm and quick wit to both manipulate and gain the trust of their victims. While their names do not elicit the same emotional response as Bundy or Manson, Bernie Madoff and Steve Jobs may also express the symptomology characteristic of psychopathy. But rather than committing violent crimes, they channeled their talents to the advancement of their careers and toward financial gain. …
Hindsight Bias In The 2012 United States Presidential Election, Judith Gilbert
Hindsight Bias In The 2012 United States Presidential Election, Judith Gilbert
Modern Psychological Studies
Hindsight bias refers to the tendency for people to increase their confidence in a prediction after they've learned the outcome of an event; this is also known as the knew-it-all-along effect. The present study explored hindsight bias in the context of the 2012 United States presidential election. Participants were asked to predict various election outcomes one week before the election and then were asked to reconstruct those predictions one week after the outcome was known. The study showed strong evidence of hindsight bias and this bias did not depend on political affiliation, gender, or prior knowledge.
Effects Of Minimum Word Counts On Writing Tasks, Steven O'Brien, Verneda P. Hamm Baugh
Effects Of Minimum Word Counts On Writing Tasks, Steven O'Brien, Verneda P. Hamm Baugh
Modern Psychological Studies
The ability of students to successfully fulfill coursework requirements is an important topic in the fields of education as well as psychology. The present study was designed to examine the effects of placing a minimum word count on a writing task. The participants were asked to complete a writing prompt that may or may not have contained a minimum word count. The number of words written for both groups was then analyzed. The data from the two groups showed that there was a significant difference between the group who received a minimum word count and those who did not. The …
"I'Ll Sleep When I'M Dead": Exploring The Relationship Between Fatigue, Memory, Feeling, And Mood States Among College Students, Lanie Foutch, Rachel Bollinger, Randy Carden
"I'Ll Sleep When I'M Dead": Exploring The Relationship Between Fatigue, Memory, Feeling, And Mood States Among College Students, Lanie Foutch, Rachel Bollinger, Randy Carden
Modern Psychological Studies
This study investigated the relationship between sleep and scores on fatigue, with memory, feeling, and mood states. Eighty-two participants completed the Piper Fatigue Scale (Berger et al., 2009), the Semantic Differential Feeling and Mood Scale (Lorr & Wunderlich, 1988), and a memory test (Polzella, 1975). A significant correlation was found between the scores on the Piper Fatigue Scale and scores on the Semantic Differential Feeling and Mood scale, but memory test scores and the Piper Fatigue scale scores were unrelated. The correlation between fatigue, feeling, and mood states indicates that fatigue was negatively correlated with feelings and moods such as …
Sex Differences In Multiple Dimensions Of Jealousy, Kayla Corzine
Sex Differences In Multiple Dimensions Of Jealousy, Kayla Corzine
Modern Psychological Studies
The present study distributed surveys to 98 college students (31 freshmen, 28 sophomores, 25 juniors, and 14 seniors) to explore both evolutionary psychology and social cognitive theories on jealousy. To examine the relationship between sexes in multiple dimensions of jealousy, Pfeffer and Wong's Multidimensional Jealousy Survey was given to measure cognitive, behavioral, and emotional jealousy (1989). There were no significant differences between sexes and any of the jealousy subscales. The traditional forced-choice scenario was given to see if there was a sex difference between emotional and sexual jealousy. As predicted, female participants reported that emotional jealousy was more distressing, while …
Switching Genders: Identifying The Evaluator In Stereotype Threat For Men And Women In A Math Context, Mirjana A. Antonic, Mary C. Murphy, Katherine T.U. Emerson, Lara D. Mercurio
Switching Genders: Identifying The Evaluator In Stereotype Threat For Men And Women In A Math Context, Mirjana A. Antonic, Mary C. Murphy, Katherine T.U. Emerson, Lara D. Mercurio
Modern Psychological Studies
The current study seeks to identify the source of evaluation that causes stereotype threat for men and women in a math context. In a 2 (participant gender: male vs. female) X 3 (gender label: Match, Mismatch, Control) factorial design, male and female participants that identified highly with math were asked to take a math test. Throughout the test, participants' ostensible gender was displayed on the computer screen. The displayed gender was either the correct gender, the opposite gender, or "Alabama." Although our results were unable to determine if stereotype threat is a self- or an outside evaluator-threat, we did observe …
The Use Of An Ipad As A Classroom Tool, Melissa M. Mcgovern-Trone, Jeremy G. Turner
The Use Of An Ipad As A Classroom Tool, Melissa M. Mcgovern-Trone, Jeremy G. Turner
Modern Psychological Studies
The Apple "i" line has been steadily increasing in popularity and many educators believe these devices offer great potential as instructional adjuncts. Many schools (including colleges) have begun issuing iPads to students with the assumption that they would enhance the students' educational experience. Little experimental evidence has been produced supporting this claim. This study was an attempt to experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of iPads on learning educational material. Participant's interest and enjoyment while using the iPad versus traditional material presentation (paper images or physical models) were also examined. Participants were randomly assigned to learn 24 anatomical brain structures using one …
Descriptive Norms: How Specificity Versus Generality Affects Planned Drinking Behavior, Ana Markdasilva
Descriptive Norms: How Specificity Versus Generality Affects Planned Drinking Behavior, Ana Markdasilva
Modern Psychological Studies
We investigated the effect of specificity versus generality (provinciality) of descriptive norms regarding drinking behavior for light, moderate, and heavy drinkers. We employed a 3 (condition: United States adult, United States undergraduate, or Washington University undergraduate) x 3 (drinker type: light, moderate, or heavy) between-subjects design. Participants were told that the average person in the appropriate setting level consumes four alcoholic drinks per week and then were asked how many alcoholic drinks they had consumed in the last seven days and how many alcoholic drinks they planned to consume in the next seven days. As expected, there was a main …
Attention Deficit Disorder In Adults, Nutritional Deficiencies, And The Treatments Available: A Literature Review, Emilee S. Manthey
Attention Deficit Disorder In Adults, Nutritional Deficiencies, And The Treatments Available: A Literature Review, Emilee S. Manthey
Modern Psychological Studies
The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in adults has steadily increased within the past decade. However, very few people are aware they have this disorder. Those with ADHD have higher divorce rates, school dropout rates, job termination, car accidents, and higher rates of substance abuse and alcohol dependence (Kates, 2005; Tcheremissine & Lieving, 2009). A high comorbidity rate with ADHD, anxiety, and depression has been found. This literature review includes the significant nutritional deficiencies such as neurotransmitters, trace minerals, omega-3 fatty acids, and several B vitamins which are found in people with ADHD, and a description of the …
A Study Of Religiosity And Conservatismin Relation To Social Value Orientation And Philanthropy, Jessica Collins
A Study Of Religiosity And Conservatismin Relation To Social Value Orientation And Philanthropy, Jessica Collins
Modern Psychological Studies
The purpose of this study was to examine the potential interdependent relationships between religiosity, conservatism, social value orientation and philanthropy. Participants included members of four religious institutions. A non-experimental survey design was used gather information. Subjects were given a hypothetical task related to social value orientation, two scales of measurement related to religiosity and philanthropy and asked to self-identify their political orientation. Chi Square analysis identified a significant relationship between political orientation and social value orientation. A correlation was found between religiosity and philanthropy within the liberal sample, rather than in the suspected conservative sample. Additionally, a one-way analysis of …
Single Parenting: Fewer Negative Effects Of Children's Behaviors Than Claimed, Dominic Schmuck
Single Parenting: Fewer Negative Effects Of Children's Behaviors Than Claimed, Dominic Schmuck
Modern Psychological Studies
In this literature review, research on single parenting is examined. Current research heavily correlates single parenting with internalized and externalized behavioral problems in children. After broader investigation it appears traumatizing events (e.g. divorce, separation) display a confounding variable which is not given adequate significance in research on single parenting. Reviewed research in which early childhood differences in children raised by dual-, or single parents were controlled for has not found behavioral differences between these two groups. In this article, research on adopted children has also been examined. Adopted children taken care off by single-, or dual parents do not show …
Distress Tolerance And Mental Health Outcomes, Carrie A. Stemke
Distress Tolerance And Mental Health Outcomes, Carrie A. Stemke
Modern Psychological Studies
This literature review has compiled research on two related subjects: the construct of distress tolerance and the treatment of mental health issues for which low distress tolerance is an underlying factor. The purpose of this work is to not only examine a central mechanism in the onset and maintenance of select psychopathologies, but also to examine ways in which treatment focused on raising an individual's distress tolerance can help in symptom reduction. This review also proposes that a better understanding of stress and an individual's reaction to it can lead to both more effective treatment and towards the future fulfillment …
Childhood Poly-Victimization And Perceived Family Environment, Stephanie K. Gusler, Ann N. Elliott, Jefferey E. Aspelmeier, Thomas W. Pierce
Childhood Poly-Victimization And Perceived Family Environment, Stephanie K. Gusler, Ann N. Elliott, Jefferey E. Aspelmeier, Thomas W. Pierce
Modern Psychological Studies
There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating the necessity of examining multiple victimizations when studying childhood victimization histories. Several studies have found poly-victimization (i.e., high cumulative levels of victimization) common in non-clinical samples and associated with greater trauma symptomatology than experiencing a single type of victimization (Finkelhor, Ormrod, & Turner, 2007; Richmond, Elliott, Pierce, Aspelmeier, & Alexander, 2009; Saunders, 2003). This study examined the relative contribution of six different categories of childhood victimization and poly-victimization in predicting the Conflict and Cohesion subscale scores of the Family Environment Scale (FES). In a sample of 330 female college undergraduates, the results …
Social Identity And Academic Belonging: Creating Environments To Minimize The Achievement Gap Among African American And Latino Students, Joanne C. Skourletos, Mary C. Murphy, Katherine T.U. Emerson, Evelyn A. Carter
Social Identity And Academic Belonging: Creating Environments To Minimize The Achievement Gap Among African American And Latino Students, Joanne C. Skourletos, Mary C. Murphy, Katherine T.U. Emerson, Evelyn A. Carter
Modern Psychological Studies
Stereotype threat is a highly evident phenomenon that has been used to explain why minority groups underperform in academics compared to Caucasians (Steele, 1997; Steele, Spencer, & Aronson, 2002). This study examined whether an induced feeling of belonging (via information about potential), either in the academic or social domain, can attenuate the effects of stereotype threat on the academic performance of African Americans and Latinos. Results suggest that minority students who are told they have either academic potential or are not told any information about potential (i.e., control condition) perform similarly on an IQ test. However, when minority students are …
The Effects Of Emerging Adulthood On Stress And Depression, Christine Cusack, Christopher Merchant
The Effects Of Emerging Adulthood On Stress And Depression, Christine Cusack, Christopher Merchant
Modern Psychological Studies
Many historical theories of development have evolved based on the premise that a person's identity is formed during adolescence. Upon reaching the age of 18, that person is identified as an adult and expected to have achieved a healthy identity. More recent studies suggest that a person continues to develop their identity well into their twenties. This age range is characterized by constant change, instability, and exposure to life stress events. Additional data shows that some people in this cohort do not consider themselves to be an adult, a se if-classification that creates stress and decreased mental health. Researchers are …
The Effects Of The Cold Pressor Task On Memory Recall, Hayden Lemer
The Effects Of The Cold Pressor Task On Memory Recall, Hayden Lemer
Modern Psychological Studies
Neurotransmitters that are released in response to stress can disrupt the prefrontal cortex creating an impairing effect on attentional processes leading to a hindering of memory recall (Arnsten, 2009). Participants were taken from an Intro to Psychology course from a small liberal arts college in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Participants immersed their hand in either ice-cold or warm water while listening to 20 nouns. In this present study, participants showed memory recall impairment after they received stress induced from the cold pressor task only during learning, and after a short delay consisting of a short distracter math test.
Perceived Parenting Syle And Social Problem Solving Skills In Young Adults, Victoria L. Derosa, Salvatore Musso, Colleen Jacobson
Perceived Parenting Syle And Social Problem Solving Skills In Young Adults, Victoria L. Derosa, Salvatore Musso, Colleen Jacobson
Modern Psychological Studies
The present study examined whether the type of parenting style as perceived by young adults is associated with social problem solving skills using a performance based task. Thirty-nine participants between the ages of 19 and 24 were given a Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and a performance-based Social Problem Solving Skills task (SPST). It was hypothesized that higher ratings on the authoritative style parenting scale would be correlated with more effective solutions for social problems and fewer self-critical and hostile attributions. Results showed a significant relationship between non authoritative parenting, specifically permissive, and content of chosen response, r(39) = -.36, p< .05, which supported the hypothesis. However, there was an interesting opposition to the hypothesis regarding self-critical attributions, where Authoritative parenting significantly correlated with more self-critical attributions, r(39) = .35, p< .05.
Correlates Of Life Satisfaction And Acculturation Among University Students, Carrie D. Morrison, Susan E. Mason
Correlates Of Life Satisfaction And Acculturation Among University Students, Carrie D. Morrison, Susan E. Mason
Modern Psychological Studies
The present study compared correlations between life satisfaction, acculturation, socioeconomic status, and social support for students born in the United States and for students not born in the United States. Acculturation scores differed significantly between American-born and foreign born participants, while life satisfaction scores did not, indicating that living in a new country is not necessarily a negative experience for college-age students. Furthermore, acculturation to the host culture, that is, American culture, was found to correlate with life satisfaction among American-born students, and socioeconomic status correlated with acculturation for both groups. We recommend that future acculturation research control for socioeconomic …
Superstitious Behavior And Ritualistic Practices Among Former Athletes, Alexander Roorda, Bart L. Weathington
Superstitious Behavior And Ritualistic Practices Among Former Athletes, Alexander Roorda, Bart L. Weathington
Modern Psychological Studies
Superstitious and ritualistic behaviors in sport have been well documented (Brevers, Dan, Noel, & Nils, 2011a, 2011b; Buhrmann & Zaugg, 1983 Foster, Weigand, & Baines, 2006). Studies have identified several benefits athletes gain from these practices such as: reduction of "sport anxiety" (Jackson, Ashford, & Norsworthy, 2006), and reaching "peak performance" (Krane & Williams, 2010). Other research has studied the effects that personality antecedents, such as locus of control (LOC) and Athletic Identity (AI), might have on these practices (Griffith & Johnson, 2002). To date however, there has been little to no research done on whether former athletes would continue …