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Articles 1 - 24 of 24
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Pilot Study: The Effects Of A Mountain Wilderness Experience On Combat Veteran Psychosocial Wellness, Elizabeth J. Vella Phd, Taylor Lyman, Taylor Lovering
Pilot Study: The Effects Of A Mountain Wilderness Experience On Combat Veteran Psychosocial Wellness, Elizabeth J. Vella Phd, Taylor Lyman, Taylor Lovering
Faculty Publications
The purpose of this quasi-experimental pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of a 3.5day outdoor wilderness program (Huts for Vets, HFV) for reducing psychological distress, PTSD symptoms, and improving positive mood states. It was hypothesized that participation in the HFV program would predict improvements in psychosocial well-being in addition to reductions in PTSD symptomatology relative to a waiting-list control group. Participants included 51 adult veterans diagnosed with PTSD and/or some other combat-related disability (Mage = 36.8, SD = 8.19). The experimental group (n=32) participated in the HFV program, which included hiking and group discussions. Data collection via psychosocial scale …
Moral Values, Social Ideologies, And Threat-Based Cognition: Implications For Intergroup Relations., Brandon D. Stewart Phd, David S. M. Morris
Moral Values, Social Ideologies, And Threat-Based Cognition: Implications For Intergroup Relations., Brandon D. Stewart Phd, David S. M. Morris
Faculty Publications
Moral foundations theory (MFT) has provided an account of the moral values that underscore different cultural and political ideologies, and these moral values of harm, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity can help to explain differences in political and cultural ideologies; however, the extent to which moral foundations relate to strong social ideologies, intergroup processes and threat perceptions is still underdeveloped. To explore this relationship, we conducted two studies. In Study 1 (N = 157), we considered how the moral foundations predicted strong social ideologies such as authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) as well as attitudes toward immigrants. …
Police Brutality Against Those With Mental Illness: How To Protect Maine's People, Lauren Darge
Police Brutality Against Those With Mental Illness: How To Protect Maine's People, Lauren Darge
Student Scholarship
It is reported that around 61.5 million Americans will experience mental illness at some point in their lifetime, and 3-6% of law enforcement encounters involve those with mental illness. That is anywhere from 184,500-369,000 people with mental illness that may encounter law enforcement. In 2016, 25% of those killed by police were linked to mental illness, and the numbers are only rising. It is important to consider if all mental health crisis encounters with law enforcement are dangerous. A simple answer is no, not all. Though, those with mental illness are disproportionately involved in critical police encounters including use of …
Moving Morality Beyond The In-Group: Liberals And Conservatives Show Differences On Group-Framed Moral Foundations And These Differences Mediate The Relationships To Perceived Bias And Threat., Brandon D. Stewart Phd, David S. M. Morris
Moving Morality Beyond The In-Group: Liberals And Conservatives Show Differences On Group-Framed Moral Foundations And These Differences Mediate The Relationships To Perceived Bias And Threat., Brandon D. Stewart Phd, David S. M. Morris
Faculty Publications
Moral foundations research suggests that liberals care about moral values related to individual rights such as harm and fairness, while conservatives care about those foundations in addition to caring more about group rights such as loyalty, authority, and purity. However, the question remains about how conservatives and liberals differ in relation to group-level moral principles. We used two versions of the moral foundations questionnaire with the target group being either abstract or specific ingroups or outgroups. Across three studies, we observed that liberals showed more endorsement of Individualizing foundations (Harm and Fairness foundations) with an outgroup target, while conservatives showed …
Transitioning From Youth To Adulthood: Mapping The Impact Of Systems & Places On Youth Pathways, Danielle Layton, Erica King Msw, Jillian Foley Mppm, Sophia Mcmullan, Mara Sanchez Mppm
Transitioning From Youth To Adulthood: Mapping The Impact Of Systems & Places On Youth Pathways, Danielle Layton, Erica King Msw, Jillian Foley Mppm, Sophia Mcmullan, Mara Sanchez Mppm
Justice Policy
This report seeks to lift up the voices of Maine’s youth and place their lived experiences with homelessness, educational pushout, child-welfare and juvenile justice system involvement, and interactions with the healthcare system at the center of public discourse and decision making. This study collected life stories from 35 youth (age 14-24) using arts-based narrative inquiry methods to map their journeys from childhood to adulthood. The report offers a deeper look at the firsthand experiences of Maine’s systems-involved youth and recommends creating more opportunities for young people to be involved with decisions made by the organizations and systems that serve them, …
Psychosocial Factors In Coronary Heart Disease, Elizabeth J. Vella Phd
Psychosocial Factors In Coronary Heart Disease, Elizabeth J. Vella Phd
Faculty Publications
Cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of death globally, which includes mortality due to stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD); of these two forms of cardiovascular disease, CHD accounts for more deaths annually (World Health Organization, 2015). The primary features of CHD include plaque development in the coronary arteries (atherosclerosis), heart attack (myocardial infarct), and acute chest pain (angina; Labarthe, 1998). The traditional risk factors for CHD include age, obesity, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, inactive lifestyle, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and family history of the disease (World Heart Federation, 2015). Epidemiologic evidence suggests that traditional risk factors of CHD …
Op-Ed On The Need To Protect Reproductive Rights, Hannah Mistler
Op-Ed On The Need To Protect Reproductive Rights, Hannah Mistler
Student Scholarship
Reproductive rights have continued to be threatened all across the country. This Op-Ed discusses the psychological research behind why we need to protect reproductive rights and the services provided. The different ways to take action and advocate for the protection of reproductive rights are also discussed.
The Benefits Of Affordable/Free Education Op Ed, Julian Moran
The Benefits Of Affordable/Free Education Op Ed, Julian Moran
Student Scholarship
It has been well established that people with more education live longer, healthier lives and report having higher levels of both eudaimonic and hedonic subject well being. Higher education is also linked with other health benefits, such as having an increased sense of control and learned effectiveness, having more ambition, finding more satisfaction in their jobs, living situations, communities, families, and having more autonomy. Having a more educated population could translate into better decisions being made throughout our social structures, which in turn could lead us to progressing towards a more functional, healthier, and happier society. Although, the benefits of …
Op-Ed On Our Current Educational Inequalities, Cristin K. Mcdonough
Op-Ed On Our Current Educational Inequalities, Cristin K. Mcdonough
Student Scholarship
There is a lack of equal opportunities in education across levels of socioeconomic status. This Op-Ed discusses current research and potential ways to lessen the gap in opportunities for students.
Mediodorsal Thalamic Neurons Mirror The Activity Of Medial Prefrontal Neurons Responding To Movement And Reinforcement During A Dynamic Dnmtp Task, Rikki L.A. Miller Phd, Miranda J. Francoeur, Brett M. Gibson, Robert G. Mair
Mediodorsal Thalamic Neurons Mirror The Activity Of Medial Prefrontal Neurons Responding To Movement And Reinforcement During A Dynamic Dnmtp Task, Rikki L.A. Miller Phd, Miranda J. Francoeur, Brett M. Gibson, Robert G. Mair
Faculty Publications
The mediodorsal nucleus (MD) interacts with medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to support learning and adaptive decision-making. MD receives driver (layer 5) and modulatory (layer 6) projections from PFC and is the main source of driver thalamic projections to middle cortical layers of PFC. Little is known about the activity of MD neurons and their influence on PFC during decision-making. We recorded MD neurons in rats performing a dynamic delayed nonmatching to position (dDNMTP) task and compared results to a previous study of mPFC with the same task (Onos et al., 2016). Criterion event-related responses were observed for 22% …
The Implications Of Using A Broad Versus Narrow Set Of Criteria In Research, Leonard A. Jason, Kristen D. Gleason Phd, Pamela Fox
The Implications Of Using A Broad Versus Narrow Set Of Criteria In Research, Leonard A. Jason, Kristen D. Gleason Phd, Pamela Fox
Faculty Publications
The Fukuda et al. criteria is the most widely used clinical case definition for diagnosing patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Despite the frequency with which the Fukuda criteria are applied, the list of symptoms outlined in this case definition were not well enough specified to be easily applied to research settings. In 2005, Reeves et al. laid out a set of standards for operationalizing the Fukuda definition, specifying scales and cutoff scores for measuring the symptom criteria. This operationalization, often known as the empirical criteria, has been shown to identify an unexpectedly large number of patients, seemingly widening the …
Exploring Differing Experiences Of Homelessness In Hawai‘I: Full Report To Stakeholders Part Ii, Kristen D. Gleason Phd, John P. Barile, Charlene Baker
Exploring Differing Experiences Of Homelessness In Hawai‘I: Full Report To Stakeholders Part Ii, Kristen D. Gleason Phd, John P. Barile, Charlene Baker
Faculty Publications
Because high rates of homelessness have become a growing concern across the U.S., a number of policies, programs, and strategies have been developed to prevent homelessness and to addess the needs of those without a home (Culhane, Park, & Metraux, 2011). As it is unlikely that a one sizefits-all approach to homelessness can be effective, it is important for there to be a wide range of service approaches available to address the issue (Yuan, Vo, & Gleason, 2014). As important is determining how to best target the available services to meet the varied needs of those experiencing homelessness.
Interdisciplinary Social Action, Leonard A. Jason, Damani Mcclellan, Kristen D. Gleason Phd
Interdisciplinary Social Action, Leonard A. Jason, Damani Mcclellan, Kristen D. Gleason Phd
Faculty Publications
In this article, we will first consider the starting point for change. Social change is more likely to occur when we have a passionate interest in a particular area. Often the beginning of social change occurs when we have a passionate interest in a particular area. Often the beginning of social change occurs with the recognition that something is wrong and unfair. This recognition may take the form of a flash of outrage, but the feeling is clear: this needs to change. We may not even know why we feel this way, but our intuition can steer us in …
Exploring Differing Experiences Of Homelessness In Hawai‘I: Full Report To Stakeholders Part I, Kristen D. Gleason Phd, Charlene Baker, John P. Barile
Exploring Differing Experiences Of Homelessness In Hawai‘I: Full Report To Stakeholders Part I, Kristen D. Gleason Phd, Charlene Baker, John P. Barile
Faculty Publications
In many cities and towns across the U.S., homelessness has arisen as a prominent and difficult problem to address (Quigley, Raphael, & Smolensky, 2001). It has become a public health and humanitarian concern at both the national level and at the state level in Hawai‘i. The recent Homeless Service Utilization Report for Hawai‘i State, which tracks administrative data related to homeless service usage across the state, shows that the number of homeless individuals in Hawai‘i has steadily grown since 2007, with a record 14,954 individuals receiving services in the last fiscal year (Yuan, Vo, Gleason, & Azuma, 2016). Hawai‘i is …
Exploring Human Trafficking In Hawai‘I From The Perspective Of Local Service Providers: Report To Stakeholders, Kristen D. Gleason Phd, Alyssa Carangan, Jared Espinueva, Alma Herrera-Mendoza, Denali Lukacinsky, Andreas Remis
Exploring Human Trafficking In Hawai‘I From The Perspective Of Local Service Providers: Report To Stakeholders, Kristen D. Gleason Phd, Alyssa Carangan, Jared Espinueva, Alma Herrera-Mendoza, Denali Lukacinsky, Andreas Remis
Faculty Publications
Executive Summary
Introduction: Human trafficking is an issue of national importance, but it is also an issue that touches communities at the local level. While progress is being made with regards to better understanding this phenomenon nationally, examining how human trafficking and the policies crafted to address it take shape within the local context is also important. One-size-fits-all approaches to human trafficking are not likely to understand local contextual variation. It is important to understand the local context so that efforts to address human trafficking can be sensitive to the situational needs of different communities. This report seeks to examine …
Homeless Service Utilization Report: Hawai‘I 2014, Sarah Yuan, Hong Vo, Kristen D. Gleason Phd
Homeless Service Utilization Report: Hawai‘I 2014, Sarah Yuan, Hong Vo, Kristen D. Gleason Phd
Faculty Publications
The 2014 Homeless Services Utilization Report is the ninth annual report produced by the Center on Family at the University of Hawai‘i at M¯anoa and the Homeless Programs Office in the Hawai‘i State Department of Human Services. This year, the report aims to provide data related to four types of programs that have been implemented in the state of Hawai‘i and are intended to address homelessness. Results from the system and program-level analysis will be presented. As in previous years, the report includes usage information about shelter programs and outreach programs. Shelter programs provide temporary shelter for homeless individuals and …
Understanding Human Trafficking In The Hawaiian Islands, Kristen D. Gleason Phd
Understanding Human Trafficking In The Hawaiian Islands, Kristen D. Gleason Phd
Faculty Publications
The crime of human trafficking includes either forced labor or sexual exploitation, where coercion or fraud is used to control the victim. In the United States, this set of crimes is defined and addressed through the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Prevention Act of 2000, reauthorized in 2003, 2005, and 2008. Provisions of the act cover steps for preventing trafficking, for prosecuting perpetrators, and for providing protection and services to victims. In the thirteen years since the passage of this legislation, much has been written about U.S. trafficking policy – mostly focused on national issues, rather than on varied local …
Hostile Mood And Social Strain During Daily Life: A Test Of The Transactional Model., Elizabeth J. Vella, Thomas W. Karmarck, Janine D. Flory, Stephen B. Manuck
Hostile Mood And Social Strain During Daily Life: A Test Of The Transactional Model., Elizabeth J. Vella, Thomas W. Karmarck, Janine D. Flory, Stephen B. Manuck
Faculty Publications
Hostility is a multidimensional construct related to cardiovascular (CV) disease risk. Daily hostile mood and social interactions may precipitate stress-related CV responses in hostile individuals. Purpose: Determine whether trait cognitive hostility best predicts daily hostile mood and social interactions relative to other trait hostility factors and explore the temporal links between these daily measures
Citalopram Improves Metabolic Risk Factors Among High Hostile Adults: Results Of A Placebo-Controlled Intervention., Thomas W. Karmarck, Matthew F. Muldoon, Stephen B. Manuck, Roger F. Haskett, Jeewon Cheong, Janine D. Flory, Elizabeth Vella
Citalopram Improves Metabolic Risk Factors Among High Hostile Adults: Results Of A Placebo-Controlled Intervention., Thomas W. Karmarck, Matthew F. Muldoon, Stephen B. Manuck, Roger F. Haskett, Jeewon Cheong, Janine D. Flory, Elizabeth Vella
Faculty Publications
Hostility is associated with a number of metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including waist—hip ratio, glucose, and triglycerides. Along with hostility, many of these measures have also been shown to be associated with reduced central serotonergic function. We have previously reported that a citalopram intervention was successful in reducing hostility by self-report assessment (Kamarck et al., 2009). Here we examine the effects of this serotonergic intervention on metabolic risk factors in the same sample.
Hostility And Anger In: Cardiovascular Reactivity And Recovery To Mental Arithmetic Stress., Elizabeth J. Vella, Bruce H. Friedman
Hostility And Anger In: Cardiovascular Reactivity And Recovery To Mental Arithmetic Stress., Elizabeth J. Vella, Bruce H. Friedman
Faculty Publications
Hostility and anger have been attributed as psychosocial risk factors for coronary heart disease. Heightened cardiovascular reactivity (CVR), and poor recovery, to provocative stressors are thought to hasten this risk. Purpose: To examine the relationship between hostility and anger inhibition (AI), and the moderating situational influences of harassment and evaluation, in predicting CVR and recovery to mental arithmetic (MA) stress using a multiple regression approach.
Hostility & Ambulatory Blood Pressure, Elizabeth J. Vella, Thomas W. Karmarck, Saul Shiffman
Hostility & Ambulatory Blood Pressure, Elizabeth J. Vella, Thomas W. Karmarck, Saul Shiffman
Faculty Publications
This study sought to determine the role of hostility in moderating the effects of positive social interactions on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). Design: Participants (341 adults) completed the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale and underwent ABP monitoring, assessed every 45 min during waking hours across 6 days. An electronic diary measuring mood and social interactions was completed at each ABP assessment. Main Outcome Measures: The dependent variables from the ABP monitor included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate.
The Attenuation Effect In Timing: Counteracting Dual-Task Interference With Time-Judgment Skill Training, Scott W. Brown
The Attenuation Effect In Timing: Counteracting Dual-Task Interference With Time-Judgment Skill Training, Scott W. Brown
Faculty Publications
A basic finding in the time-perception literature is an interference effect in dual-task conditions involving concurrent timing and distractor tasks. Dual-task conditions typically cause time judgments to become less accurate than single-task conditions in which subjects judge time alone. Previous research (Brown, 1998 Psychological Research 6171 - 8 1; Brown and Bennett, 2002 Psychological Research 66 80-89) has shown that practice on the distractor task reduces interference, a phenomenon called the attenuation effect. The present research was designed to determine whether practice on the time-judgment task would produce a similar result. In experiment 1, subjects reproduced 6 - 14 s …
Peer Sexual Harassment And Peer Violence Among Adolescents In Johanesburg And Chicago, Susan Fineran Phd, Licsw, Larry Bennett Phd, Terry Sacco Msw
Peer Sexual Harassment And Peer Violence Among Adolescents In Johanesburg And Chicago, Susan Fineran Phd, Licsw, Larry Bennett Phd, Terry Sacco Msw
School of Social Work
In this comparison study of peer sexual harassment and peer violence in South African and US schools, the roles of gender and power in the experience, perpetration, and reaction to peer sexual harassment, physical violence and sexual violence are described for 208 South African students and 224 US students age 16-18.
The Effects Of Music On Mood And Perception Of A Visual Stimulus, Elizabeth J. Vella Phd, Michael D. Irvin, Jason Solle, Scott Berendt, Erin E. Ramirez
The Effects Of Music On Mood And Perception Of A Visual Stimulus, Elizabeth J. Vella Phd, Michael D. Irvin, Jason Solle, Scott Berendt, Erin E. Ramirez
Faculty Publications
We examined the influence of music on mood by instructing 81 undergraduate students to complete the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List–Revised (MAACLR) both before and after watching a 15-min video that was or was not paired with a piece of music. The 2 music categories were pleasant or depressing. Participants from the depressing group experienced a drop in positive affect, whereas participants from the pleasant group showed an increase on this measure. Men from the pleasant group had the highest pretreatment and lowest post treatment anxiety scores, whereas the women displayed no change in anxiety. The results indicate that music …