Psychology Commons^™

Social Network Media Exposure And Adolescent Eating Pathology In Fiji, R H. Striegel, A E. Becker, K E. Fay, J Agnew-Blais, A N. Khan, S E. Gilman

Ruth Striegel Weissman

BACKGROUND:

Mass media exposure has been associated with an increased risk of eating pathology. It is unknown whether indirect media exposure--such as the proliferation of media exposure in an individual's social network--is also associated with eating disorders.

AIMS:

To test hypotheses that both individual (direct) and social network (indirect) mass media exposures were associated with eating pathology in Fiji.

METHOD:

We assessed several kinds of mass media exposure, media influence, cultural orientation and eating pathology by self-report among adolescent female ethnic Fijians (n=523). We fitted a series of multiple regression models of eating pathology, assessed by the Eating Disorder Examination …

Ethnic Differences In Food Sources Of Vitamin D In Adolescent American Girls: The National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute Growth And Health Study, R H. Striegel, L V. Van Horn, R Bausermann, S Affenito, D Thompson, D Franko, A Albertson

Ruth Striegel Weissman

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (NGHS) was a 10-year longitudinal study of the development of obesity and CVD risk factors (including dietary, psychosocial, environmental and others) in 2,379 African-American and white females who were 9 or 10 years old at study entry. Current studies have documented a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among healthy children, adolescents and young adults in the United States, especially among low-income, black and Hispanic children (defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of ≤ 20 ng/mL). Although the main source of vitamin D is direct exposure of the skin …

Clarifying Boundaries Of Binge Eating Disorder And Psychiatric Comorbidity: A Latent Structure Analysis, R H. Striegel, A Hilbert, K M. Pike, D E. Wilfley, C G. Fairburn, F A. Dohm

Ruth Striegel Weissman

Binge eating disorder (BED) presents with substantial psychiatric comorbidity. This latent structure analysis sought to delineate boundaries of BED given its comorbidity with affective and anxiety disorders. A population-based sample of 151 women with BED, 102 women with affective or anxiety disorders, and 259 women without psychiatric disorders was assessed with clinical interviews and self-report questionnaires. Taxometric analyses were conducted using DSM-IV criteria of BED and of affective and anxiety disorders. The results showed a taxonic structure of BED and of affective and anxiety disorders. Both taxa co-occurred at an above-chance level, but also presented independently with twice-as-large probabilities. Within …

Eating Patterns In Patients With Spectrum Binge Eating Disorder, R H. Striegel, K Harvey, F Rosselli, G T. Wilson, L L. Debar

Ruth Striegel Weissman

Objective

We sought to describe meal and snack frequencies of individuals with recurrent binge eating and examine the association between these eating patterns and clinical correlates.

Method

Data from 106 women with a minimum diagnosis of recurrent binge eating were utilized. Meal and snack frequencies were correlated with measures of weight, eating disorder features, and depression. Participants who ate breakfast every day (n=25) were compared with those who did not (n=81) on the same measures.

Results

Breakfast was the least, and dinner the most, commonly consumed meal. Evening snacking was the most common snacking occasion. Meal patterns were not significantly …

Adaptation And Evaluation Of The Clinical Impairment Assessment To Assess Disordered Eating Related Distress In An Adolescent Female Ethnic Fijian Population, R H. Striegel, A E. Becker, J J. Thomas, A Bainivualiku, L Richards, K Navara, A L. Roberts, S E. Gilman

Ruth Striegel Weissman

Objective:

Measurement of disease-related impairment and distress is central to diagnostic, therapeutic, and health policy considerations for eating disorders across diverse populations. This study evaluates psychometric properties of a translated and adapted version of the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA) in an ethnic Fijian population.

Method:

The adapted CIA was administered to ethnic Fijian adolescent schoolgirls (N = 215). We calculated Cronbach's α to assess the internal consistency, examined the association between indicators of eating disorder symptom severity and the CIA to assess construct and criterion validity, and compared the strength of relation between the CIA and measures of disordered eating …

Validity And Reliability Of A Fijian Translation And Adaptation Of The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, R H. Striegel, A E. Becker, J J. Thomas, A Bainivualiku, L Richards, K Navara, A L. Roberts, S E. Gilman

Ruth Striegel Weissman

Objective:

Assessment of disordered eating has uncertain validity across culturally diverse populations. This study evaluated Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) performance in an ethnic Fijian study population.

Method:

The EDE-Q was translated, adapted, and administered to school-going Fijian adolescent females (N = 523). A subsample (n = 81) completed it again within ~1 week. We assessed feasibility, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability; evaluated construct validity through factor analysis and correlation with similar constructs; and examined the marginal utility of an additional question on traditional purgative use.

Results:

Internal consistency reliability was adequate for the global scale and subscales (Cronbach's alpha …

Cost-Effectiveness Of Guided Self-Help Treatment For Recurrent Binge Eating, R H. Striegel, F L. Lynch, J F. Dickerson, N Perrin, L Debar, G T. Wilson, H C. Kraemer

Ruth Striegel Weissman

Objective

Adoption of effective treatments for recurrent binge-eating disorders depends on the balance of costs and benefits. Using data from a recent randomized controlled trial, we conducted an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of a cognitive behavioral therapy guided self-help intervention (CBT-GSH) to treat recurrent binge eating compared to treatment as usual (TAU).

Method

Participants were 123 adult members of an HMO (mean age = 37.2, 91.9% female, 96.7% non-Hispanic White) who met criteria for eating disorders involving binge eating as measured by the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE, Fairburn & Cooper, 1993). Participants were randomized either to treatment as usual (TAU) …

A Qualitative Study Of Perceived Social Barriers To Care For Eating Disorders: Perspectives From Ethnically Diverse Health Care Consumers, R H. Striegel, A E. Becker, A H. Arrindell, A Perloe, K Fay

Ruth Striegel Weissman

Objective:

The study aim was to identify and describe health consumer perspectives on social barriers to care for eating disorders in an ethnically diverse sample.

Method:

We conducted an exploratory secondary analysis of qualitative data comprising transcripts from semi-structured interviews with past and prospective consumers of eating disorder treatment (n = 32). Transcripts were inputted into NVivo 8 for coding, sorting, and quantifying thematic content of interest within strata defined by ethnic minority and non-minority participants. We then examined the influence of key social barriers—including stigma and social stereotypes—on perceived impact on care.

Results:

The majority of respondents (78%) endorsed …

Longitudinal Study Of Growth And Adiposity In Parous Compared With Nulligravid Adolescents, R H. Striegel, E P. Gunderson, G Schreiber, M Hudes, F Biro, S Daniels, P B. Crawford

Ruth Striegel Weissman

Objective

To examine the impact of pregnancy on adolescent growth and adiposity relative to nulligravidas of similar maturation stage.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

The multicenter National Heart, Lung and Blood Growth and Health Study with annual examinations from 1987-1988 through 1996-1997.

Participants

One thousand eight hundred ninety girls (983 black and 907 white) aged 9 to 10 years at enrollment.

Main Exposure

Self-reported number of pregnancies and births during adolescence and young adulthood (age, 15-19 years): 311 primiparas (17%), 84 multiparas (4%), 196 nulliparous gravidas (10%), and 1299 nulligravidas (69%).

Outcome Measures

Estimated race-specific changes in body weight, height, …

Gender Difference In The Prevalence Of Eating Disorder Symptoms, R H. Striegel, F Rosselli, N Perrin, L Debar, G T. Wilson, A May, H C. Kraemer

Ruth Striegel Weissman

Objective

This study examined gender differences in prevalence of eating disorder symptoms including body image concerns (body checking or avoidance), binge eating, and inappropriate compensatory behaviors.

Method

A random sample of members (ages 18 to 35) of a health maintenance organization was recruited to complete a survey by mail or on-line. Items were drawn from the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Body Shape Questionnaire.

Results

Among the 3,714 women and 1,808 men who responded, men were more likely to report overeating whereas women were more likely to endorse loss of control while eating. Although statistically significant gender differences were observe, …

Health Services Use In Eating Disorders, R H. Striegel, L Debar, G T. Wilson, J Dickerson, F Rosselli, N Perrin, F Lynch, H C. Kraemer

Ruth Striegel Weissman

Background

This study examined healthcare services used by adults diagnosed with an eating disorder (ED) in a large health maintenance organization in the Pacific Northwest.

Method

Electronic medical records were used to collect information on all out-patient and in-patient visits and medication dispenses, from 2002 to 2004, for adults aged 18–55 years who received an ED diagnosis during 2003. Healthcare services received the year prior to, and following, the receipt of an ED diagnosis were examined. Cases were matched to five comparison health plan members who had a health plan visit close to the date of the matched case’s ED …

Toward An Understanding Of Risk Factors For Anorexia Nervosa: A Case-Control Study, R H. Striegel, K M. Pike, A Hilbert, D E. Wilfley, C G. Fairburn, F A. Dohm, B T. Walsh

Ruth Striegel Weissman

Background

Prospective, longitudinal studies of risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN) are lacking and existing cross-sectional studies are generally narrow in focus and lack methodological rigor. Building on two studies that used the Oxford Risk Factor Interview (RFI) to establish time precedence and comprehensively assess potential risk correlates for AN, the present study advances this line of research and represents the first case-control study of risk factors for AN in the USA.

Method

The RFI was used for retrospective assessment of a broad range of risk factors, while establishing time precedence. Using a case-control design, 50 women who met DSM-IV …

Longitudinal Patterns Of Breakfast Eating In Black And White Adolescent Girls, R H. Striegel, A M. Albertson, D L. Franko, D Thompson, A L. Eldridge, N Holschuh, S G. Affenito, R Bauserman

Ruth Striegel Weissman

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to describe the pattern of breakfast eating over time ("breakfast history") and examine its associations with BMI and physical activity.

RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: This longitudinal investigation of patterns of breakfast eating included 1,210 black and 1,161 white girls who participated in the 10-year, longitudinal National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (NGHS). Three-day food records were collected during annual visits beginning at ages 9 or 10 up to age 19. Linear regression and path analysis were used to estimate the associations between breakfast history, BMI, and physical activity.

RESULTS: Among girls with …

Dietary Patterns In Adolescence Are Related To Adiposity In Young Adulthood In Black And White Females, R H. Striegel, L D. Ritchie, P Spector, M J. Stevens, M M. Schmidt, G B. Schreiber, M C. Wang, P B. Crawford

Ruth Striegel Weissman

Few studies have systematically used a total diet approach to classify adolescent dietary patterns. We examined dietary patterns in relation to nutrient intakes and adiposity in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study cohort of 2371 black and white girls recruited at 9-10 y of age and followed for 10 y. Serial measurements were obtained for indices of anthropometry, dietary intake, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables. Dietary patterns for the 2 racial subgroups were separately identified by cluster analysis of 40 food groupings derived from 3-d food records. Nutrient intakes and measures of adiposity (BMI, percent …

Night Eating: Prevalence And Demographic Correlates, R H. Striegel, D L. Franko, D Thompson, S Affenito, H C. Kraemer

Ruth Striegel Weissman

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the prevalence and correlates of night eating, the core behavioral symptom of night eating syndrome among adolescents and adults, using two public access survey databases of nationally representative samples.

RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES:

Data were extracted for individuals age 13 years or older who completed food diary data for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (N = 18,407) or the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (N = 10,741). Prevalence estimates were calculated for three commonly used definitions of night eating. Logistic regression was used to examine correlates of night eating: type of day, …

Risk Factors And Patterns Of Onset In Binge Eating Disorder, R H. Striegel, J L. Manwaring, A Hilbert, D E. Wifley, K M. Pike, C G. Fairburn, F A. Dohm

Ruth Striegel Weissman

OBJECTIVE: The current study examined risk factors in women with binge eating disorder (BED) who began binging before dieting (binge-first [BF]) compared with women with BED who began dieting before binging (diet-first [DF]). It further aimed to replicate findings regarding eating disorder and general psychopathology among BF versus DF subtypes.

METHOD: One hundred fifty-five women with BED completed the Oxford Risk Factor Interview to retrospectively assess risk factors occurring before eating disturbance onset. Clinical interview assessed eating disorder and general psychopathology.

RESULTS: Overall, no significant differences in risk factors emerged between the groups. The BF group had a significantly earlier …

Problematic Eating And Feeding Behaviors Of 36-Month Old Children, R H. Striegel, P M. Lewinsohn, J M. Holm-Denoma, J M. Gau, T E. Joiner Jr, P Bear, B Lamoureux

Ruth Striegel Weissman

Objective

To incorporate selected items from several existing instruments to create a comprehensive multi-factorial instrument to measure problematic eating behaviors in young children and to examine the prevalences and correlates of these behaviors.

Method

A community sample of young mothers (n = 93) completed the inventory of problematic eating behaviors for their 36-month old children.

Results

The most common child problems reported by mothers were the spitting out of food during feedings and becoming upset when food was restricted. A four-factor solution identified Pickiness (e.g., child eats a limited variety of food), Food Refusal (e.g., child refuses to eat specific …

Exposure To The Mass Media, Body Shape Concerns, And Use Of Supplements To Improve Weight And Shape Among Male And Female Adolescents, R H. Striegel, A E. Field, S B. Austin, C A. Camargo Jr, C B. Taylor, K J. Loud, G A. Colditz

Ruth Striegel Weissman

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and correlates of products used to improve weight and shape among male and female adolescents.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted of 6212 girls and 4237 boys who were 12 to 18 years of age and enrolled in the ongoing Growing Up Today Study. The outcome measure was at least weekly use of any of the following products to improve appearance, muscle mass, or strength: protein powder or shakes, creatine, amino acids/hydroxy methylbutyrate (HMB), dehydroepiandrosterone, growth hormone, or anabolic/injectable steroids.

RESULTS: Approximately 4.7% of the boys and 1.6% of the girls used protein powder or …