Psychology Commons^™

Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Loneliness And Social Isolation: A Multi-Country Study, Roger O’Sullivan, Annette Burns, Gerard Leavey, Iracema Leroi, Vanessa Burholt, James Lubben, Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Christina Victor, Brian Lawlor, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Carla M. Perissinotto, Mark A. Tully, Mary Pat Sullivan, Michael Rosato, Joanna Mchugh Power, Elisa Tiilikainen, Thomas R. Prohaska

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

The COVID-19 global pandemic and subsequent public health social measures have challenged our social and economic life, with increasing concerns around potentially rising levels of social isolation and loneliness. This paper is based on cross-sectional online survey data (available in 10 languages, from 2 June to 16 November 2020) with 20,398 respondents from 101 different countries. It aims to help increase our understanding of the global risk factors that are associated with social isolation and loneliness, irrespective of culture or country, to support evidence-based policy, services and public health interventions. We found the prevalence of severe loneliness was 21% during …

Racial And Gender Discrimination Predict Mental Health Outcomes Among Healthcare Workers Beyond Pandemic-Related Stressors: Findings From A Cross-Sectional Survey, Rachel Hennein, Jessica Bonumwezi, Max Jordan Nguemeni Tiako, Petty Tineo, Sarah R. Lowe

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Racial and gender discrimination are risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes in the general population; however, the effects of discrimination on the mental health of healthcare workers needs to be further explored, especially in relation to competing stressors. Thus, we administered a survey to healthcare workers to investigate the associations between perceived racial and gender discrimination and symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and burnout during a period of substantial stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic and a national racial reckoning. We used multivariable linear regression models, which controlled for demographics and pandemic-related stressors. Of the 997 participants (Mean …

The Effects Of Ketamine Administration On Novel Object Placement And Hippocampal Ampa Receptor Expression In The Male Long Evan Rats, Ruchael Mcnair

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Many psychiatric and neurological disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) present with deficits across many cognitive domains including spatial memory and structural dysfunction of the hippocampus. The dorsal hippocampus is indicated to play a special role in spatial memory. Synaptic plasticity mechanisms are also critical in memory function in the hippocampus. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is one type of synaptic plasticity that is directly associated with memory function. Mechanisms of LTP increase α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors through n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation. Ketamine is an NMDA antagonist that has recently gained attention for its rapid …

Servant Leadership Relationship To Emotional Demands, Stress, And Well-Being Of The Leader, Laura Yang

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Previous studies have investigated the outcomes of servant leadership on the followers and organization. The present study investigated the outcomes of practicing servant leadership on the leader by identifying the relationships between servant leadership and emotional demand, stress, and well-being. Eighty-seven leaders completed a survey on their leadership behaviors, emotional labor, emotional intelligence, stress, and well-being. Two servant leadership scores were used to analyze the relationships. Multiple correlation analyses, linear regressions, and hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted and found partial support across all hypotheses. Overall trending patterns indicated servant leadership had a positive correlation with emotional labor, emotional intelligence, and …

Prevalencia Mensual De Trastorno De Ansiedad Generalizada Durante La Pandemia Por Covid-19 En México, Pablo Gaitán-Rossi, Víctor Pérez-Hernández, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Graciela Teruel-Belismelis

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Objective. Estimate the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) from April to June 2020. Materials and methods. Repeated cross-sections design based in the Encovid-19, a series of monthly mobile surveys with represen- tative samples of Mexico (N= 833-1 674).The questionnaire includes the GAD-2 scale, and, in July, the GAD-7 scale was added; we examined its internal validity with confirmatory factor analysis and its concurrent validity with sociodemo- graphic variables. Using GAD-7 as criterion, we analyzed the predictive validity of the GAD-2.We estimated the monthly prevalence with the GAD-2. Results. The GAD-7 and the GAD-2 are reliable and valid.The GAD-2 has …

Does Racial Bias In Size Perception Extend To Women?, Eliana Legelen

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Race and gender biases are embedded in society in various forms, and decades of research in social psychology have examined these biases. As demonstrated in previous psychological research, Black people, compared with White people, are subject to automatic negative stereotypes and prejudice (Devine, 1989). Much research has investigated the effect that racial biases have on the lives of individuals. Although prior research on racial bias has often focused on bias across gender lines, there is also a prominent strain of research that argues that intergroup bias is gendered. For example, the outgroup male target hypothesis (Navarrete et al., 2010) predicts …

Attribute Framing Effect As A Function Of Selective Auditory Frequency Amplification, Nicole Marie Desimone

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

A set of cognitive biases that have been associated with functional asymmetry of the brain’s hemispheres are framing effects. The attribute framing effect is when valenced descriptive messages – “frames” – influence judgements towards the topic of the message consistent with the valence of the frame. Evidence suggests that information processing in the right hemisphere contributes to framing effects. Double Filtering by Frequency (DFF) theory asserts that the hemispheres are biased to process sensory information based upon relative frequencies, with the right hemisphere dominantly responding to stimuli containing relatively lower frequencies. Previous work links differential processing by the right hemisphere, …

When Leaders And Followers Do Not Hold Similar Constructions Of Leadership : How Followers Are Impacted By Conflicting Leadership Expectations, Christine Griffith

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

The rationale of this study was to examine the potential relationship of team members’ leadership expectations and followers’ attitudes and team’s performance. Leadership expectations can vary between the individual level leadership and leadership as a collective or shared team activity (Zhu et al., 2018). Although relational models of leadership consider leadership as an emergent social construction of the team, there may be instances where it is difficult for the team to converge on a single agreed upon model. The purpose of this experiment was to better understand the impact of different alignment of leadership expectations between leaders and followers on …

The Comparison Of Utilizing Functional Electrical Stimulation Device Versus Ankle Foot Orthosis Brace And The Effect On Participants’ Activities Of Daily Living After A Cerebrovascular Accident, Cynthia Victoria Vlad

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

A cerebrovascular accident occurs in less than 24 hours resulting in chronic physical and cognitive deficits. However, little is known about how a cerebrovascular accident impacts the individual’s activities of daily living (ADL). This study sought to compare and analyze the impact of two therapeutic devices on patients’ responses to ADL questionnaire items from baseline to 6 months. It was hypothesized that the Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) would be more effective and have a greater positive impact on patients’ response of ADL items than the AFO brace. In this study, subjects’ responses were recorded on the Stroke Impact Scale questionnaire …

Gender Differences In Communication : A Task-Oriented Corpus Analysis, Bimash Budha

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

The current study explored the usage of various categories of words within the Montclair Map Task Corpus (MMTC) to determine if any relationships between the use of a certain category of words and task performance existed. The MMTC utilized a collaborative map task to explore the relationship between various patterns of communication styles and task performance. The current study built upon those goals by engaging in an in-depth analysis of the category of words utilized within the corpus. Based on the prior research on gender differences, it was hypothesized that category word usage would vary across different pair sex (male, …

I’M The Leader! How Shared Leadership Leads To Territoriality, Catrina Maryjane Notari

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Although research on shared leadership is growing (Zhu, Liao, Yao, & Johnson, 2018), to date, little to no research has focused on how differing expectations of the role of the leader and the role of the followers impact the leader, the followers, and the team as a whole. Shared leadership is typically presented as a benefit to both leaders and followers; however, there can be a dark side too. The purpose of this study is to examine the dark side of shared leadership through leaders’ perceptions of their group and feelings of territoriality when faced with misaligned leadership expectations. Participants …

Effect Of Natural Environment Training And Discrete Trial Training On Adaptive Behaviors, Amelia Yanchik

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Rising numbers in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnoses lead to concerns about resources and personnel to support these children in home and school settings. Early intervention and ABA therapy has been demonstrated to show the most beneficial outcomes for children diagnosed with ASD (Peters-Scheffer et al., 2011, Eikeseth et al., 2007). The literature has yet to review the differential effects Natural Environment Training (NET) and Discrete Trial Training (DTT) on adaptive skills. A sample of 110 children diagnosed with ASD or a Developmental Disorder between the ages of 16 and 35 months was collected. The participants either received DTT, NET, …

Everyday Memory In People With Down Syndrome, Yingying Yang, Zachary M. Himmelberger, Trent Robinson, Megan Davis, Frances Conners, Edward Merrill

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Although memory functions in people with Down Syndrome (DS) have been studied extensively, how well people with DS remember things about everyday life is not well understood. In the current study, 31 adolescents/young adults with DS and 26 with intellectual disabilities (ID) of mixed etiology (not DS) participated. They completed an everyday memory questionnaire about personal facts and recent events (e.g., school name, breakfast). They also completed a standard laboratory task of verbal long-term memory (LTM) where they recalled a list of unrelated words over trials. Results did not indicate impaired everyday memory, but impaired verbal LTM, in people with …

Corticospinal Excitability During A Perspective Taking Task As Measured By Tms-Induced Motor Evoked Potentials, Elizabeth Murray, Janet Brenya, Katherine Chavarria, Karen J. Kelly, Anjel Fierst, Nathira Ahmad, Caroline Anton, Layla Shaffer, Kairavi Kapila, Logan Driever, Kayla Weaver, Caroline Dial, Maya Crawford, Iso Hartman, Tommy Infantino, Fiona Butler, Abigail Straus, Shakeera L. Walker, Brianna Balugas, Matthew Pardillo, Briana Goncalves, Julian Keenan

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Only by understanding the ability to take a third-person perspective can we begin to elucidate the neural processes responsible for one’s inimitable conscious experience. The current study examined differences in hemispheric laterality during a first-person perspective (1PP) and third-person perspective (3PP) taking task, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Participants were asked to take either the 1PP or 3PP when identifying the number of spheres in a virtual scene. During this task, single-pulse TMS was delivered to the motor cortex of both the left and right hemispheres of 10 healthy volunteers. Measures of TMS-induced motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) of the contralateral abductor …

Learning In Multi-Team Systems: A Qualitative Study Of Learning Triggers, Readiness To Learn And Learning Processes, Valerie Sessa, Jessica Francavilla, Manuel London, Marlee Wanamaker

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Purpose

Multi-team systems (MTSs) are expected to respond effectively to complex challenges while remaining responsive and adaptable and preserving inter-team linking mechanisms. The leadership team of an MTS is expected to configure and reconfigure component teams to meet the unique needs of each situation and perform. How do they learn to do this? This paper, using a recent MTS learning theory as a basis, aims to begin to understand how MTSs learn and stimulate ideas for future research.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use two case studies to address research questions. The first case was a snapshot in time, while the second …

How Multidimensional Is Emotional Intelligence? Bifactor Modeling Of Global And Broad Emotional Abilities Of The Geneva Emotional Competence Test, Daniel Simonet, Katherine E. Miller, Kevin Askew, Kenneth Sumner, Marcello Mortillaro, Katja Schlegel

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Drawing upon multidimensional theories of intelligence, the current paper evaluates if the Geneva Emotional Competence Test (GECo) fits within a higher-order intelligence space and if emotional intelligence (EI) branches predict distinct criteria related to adjustment and motivation. Using a combination of classical and S-1 bifactor models, we find that (a) a first-order oblique and bifactor model provide excellent and comparably fitting representation of an EI structure with self-regulatory skills operating independent of general ability, (b) residualized EI abilities uniquely predict criteria over general cognitive ability as referenced by fluid intelligence, and (c) emotion recognition and regulation incrementally predict grade point …

Biomechanics Of Trail Running Performance: Quantification Of Spatio-Temporal Parameters By Using Low Cost Sensors In Ecological Conditions, Noé Perrotin, Nicolas Gardan, Arnaud Lesprillier, Clément Le Goff, Jean-Marc Seigneur, Ellie Abdi, Borja Sanudo, Redha Taiar

Publications

The recent popularity of trail running and the use of portable sensors capable of measuring many performance results have led to the growth of new fields in sports science experimentation. Trail running is a challenging sport; it usually involves running uphill, which is physically demanding and therefore requires adaptation to the running style. The main objectives of this study were initially to use three “low-cost” sensors. These low-cost sensors can be acquired by most sports practitioners or trainers. In the second step, measurements were taken in ecological conditions orderly to expose the runners to a real trail course. Furthermore, to …

Creating A Theoretical Framework To Underpin Discourse Assessment And Intervention In Aphasia, Lucy Dipper, Jane Marshall, Mary Boyle, Deborah Hersh, Nicola Botting, Madeline Cruice

Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Discourse (a unit of language longer than a single sentence) is fundamental to everyday communication. People with aphasia (a language impairment occurring most frequently after stroke, or other brain damage) have communication difficulties which lead to less complete, less coherent, and less complex discourse. Although there are multiple reviews of discourse assessment and an emerging evidence base for discourse intervention, there is no unified theoretical framework to underpin this research. Instead, disparate theories are recruited to explain different aspects of discourse impairment, or symptoms are reported without a hypothesis about the cause. What is needed is a theoretical framework that …

An Evaluation Of Wayfinding Abilities In Adolescent And Young Adult Males With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Yingying Yang, Weijia Li, Dan Huang, Wei He, Yanxi Zhang, Edward Merrill

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Background

Wayfinding refers to traveling from place to place in the environment. Despite some research headway, it remains unclear whether individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show strengths, weaknesses, or similarities in wayfinding compared with ability-matched typically developing (TD) controls.

Method

The current study tested 24 individuals with ASD, 24 mental-ability (MA) matched TD (MA-TD) controls, and 24 chronological-age (CA) matched TD (CA-TD) controls. Participants completed a route learning task and a survey learning task, both programmed in virtual environments, and a perspective taking task. Their parents completed questionnaires assessing their children’s everyday wayfinding activities and competence.

Results

Overall, CA-TD …

Mastery Behavior And Brain Injury In Infancy, Kiyana S. Dunston

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

This study aims to determine the combined effect of degree of brain injury and age on mastery behavior among infants. Specifically, it investigates whether degree of brain injury in infancy can predict later competence, or mastery motivation behavior at both 7 and 10 months of age. In this context, mastery motivation is defined as “persistence” or the percent of time spent engaging in persistent behavior. To test the hypothesis that there would be a significant interaction between age and brain injury on mastery scores, participants engaged in 12-15-minute toy play sessions at 7- and 10-months-old. Data was analyzed using a …