Psychology Commons^™

Syndemics Of Severity And Frequency Of Elder Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Study In Mexican Older Females, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Pablo Gaitán-Rossi

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Elder abuse is a common phenomenon with important effects on the health and well-being of older adults. There are important gaps in elder abuse measurement, as it is usually reported as the absence or presence of elder abuse, disregarding its severity and frequency.

Objectives: Identify different ways of measuring severity and frequency of elder abuse and assess whether different experiences of severity and frequency suggest syndemic relationships.

Methods: Through a sample of 534 non-institutionalized Mexican older women, we assessed how severity (i.e., number of abusive experiences and number of types of abuses) and frequency (i.e., if abusive experiences had …

Syndemics Of Severity And Frequency Of Elder Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Study In Mexican Older Females, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Pablo Gaitán-Rossi

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Elder abuse is a common phenomenon with important effects on the health and well-being of older adults. There are important gaps in elder abuse measurement, as it is usually reported as the absence or presence of elder abuse, disregarding its severity and frequency.

Objectives: Identify different ways of measuring severity and frequency of elder abuse and assess whether different experiences of severity and frequency suggest syndemic relationships.

Methods: Through a sample of 534 non-institutionalized Mexican older women, we assessed how severity (i.e., number of abusive experiences and number of types of abuses) and frequency (i.e., if abusive experiences had …

“Are You Accepting New Patients?” A Pilot Field Experiment On Telephone-Based Gatekeeping And Black Patients’ Access To Pediatric Care, Tamara Leech, Amy Irby-Shasanmi, Anne L. Mitchell

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Study Objectives

To determine whether the name and accent cues that the caller is Black shape physician offices’ responses to telephone‐based requests for well‐child visits.

Method and Data

In this pilot study, we employed a quasi‐experimental audit design and examined a stratified national sample of pediatric and family practice offices. Our final data include information from 205 audits (410 completed phone calls). Qualitative data were blind‐coded into binary variables. Our case‐control comparisons using McNemar's tests focused on acceptance of patients, withholding information, shaping conversations, and misattributions.

Findings

Compared to the control group, “Black” auditors were less likely to be told …

Perceptions Of Violence Prevention Climate And Strain: A Mediated Model, Jeremy A. Bauer, David L. Sexton, Kevin Askew, Joshua S. Rodefer, David C. Daniel, Jacob W. Highsmith, Natalie Evans, Mark A. Whatley

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The current study investigated the interrelationships across perceptions of violence prevention climate and several workplace strain variables (i.e., job satisfaction, turnover intentions, physical symptoms of strain, and burnout). By adopting a social exchange framework, trust was identified as a potential mediator of the relationships between the focal variables. One hundred and eight employees participated in the cross-sectional design by completing a self-report survey. Correlational analyses revealed support for significant associations between perceptions of violence prevention climate and the workplace strain variables. Moreover, mediational analyses revealed that trust fully mediated the relationships between perceptions of violence prevention climate and job satisfaction, …

Pilot Investigation Of The Relationship Between Hippocampal Volume And Pattern Separation Deficits In Multiple Sclerosis, Mark D. Zuppichini, Joshua Sandry

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Memory impairment and hippocampal atrophy are common in multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present pilot study, we investigate whether the mnemonic process of pattern separation is impaired and a predictor of hippocampal volume in relapsing remitting MS. MS participants and healthy controls completed the Mnemonic Similarities Task (MST) along with traditional neurocognitive assessments of memory. 3T structural magnetic resonance imaging was used to estimate whole hippocampal volumes (main aim) and hippocampal subfield volumes (exploratory aim). Results revealed that pattern separation performance was worse for MS participants compared to healthy controls (Cohen's d = 0.96). For MS participants, hippocampal volume was …

School-Based Bullying And Teen Dating Violence Prevention Laws: Overlapping Or Distinct?, Michele Cascardi, Christopher King, Daniel Rector, Jill Delpozzo

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The most recent legislative attempts to curb violence in schools have been school-based dating violence prevention laws. In the previous decade, there was an increase in legislation designed to prevent bullying in schools; these laws now exist in 50 states. However, most anti-bullying laws provide an expansive definition of bullying that includes any type of peer aggression, harassment, or teen dating violence (TDV). Having several different state and federal laws aimed at curtailing multiple forms of aggression may produce confusion about appropriate intervention and disciplinary responses, requiring school districts to develop parallel sets of policies, educational curricula, intervention approaches, and …

Spatio-Temporal Distribution Of Negative Emotions In New York City After A Natural Disaster As Seen In Social Media, Oliver Gruebner, Sarah R. Lowe, Martin Sykora, Ketan Shankardass, Sv Subramanian, Sandro Galea

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Disasters have substantial consequences for population mental health. We used Twitter to (1) extract negative emotions indicating discomfort in New York City (NYC) before, during, and after Superstorm Sandy in 2012. We further aimed to (2) identify whether pre- or peri-disaster discomfort were associated with peri- or post-disaster discomfort, respectively, and to (3) assess geographic variation in discomfort across NYC census tracts over time. Our sample consisted of 1,018,140 geo-located tweets that were analyzed with an advanced sentiment analysis called ”Extracting the Meaning Of Terse Information in a Visualization of Emotion” (EMOTIVE). We calculated discomfort rates for 2137 NYC census …

Parent Reports Of Wayfinding By Their Children With Down Syndrome, Jennifer Yang, Gayle G. Faught, Edward C. Merrill

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Navigating the environment, or wayfinding, is integral to independent living. Laboratory studies have consistently indicated an impairment in wayfinding in people with Down syndrome (DS). However, very little is known regarding their real-life wayfinding abilities. Method: Eighty-six parents of children with DS completed an online survey on their children’s wayfinding behaviours and their own feelings and expectations about their children’s wayfinding. Results: Parents reported their children had few wayfinding skills, yet much confidence in their own abilities. Many parents had taught/planned to teach their children wayfinding skills. Parents also expressed concerns over their children’s independent wayfinding. Parents teaching wayfinding …

Hypernasal Speech Is Perceived As More Monotonous Than Typical Speech, Monique Tardif, Larissa Cristina Berti, Viviane Cristina De Castro Marino, Jennifer Pardo, Tim Bressmann

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Background/Purpose: Anecdotal clinical reports have stated that hypernasal speech sounds monotonous. However, the relationship between the perception of intonation (i.e., the fundamental frequency variation across an utterance) and hypernasality (excessive nasal resonance during the production of non-nasal sounds) has not been investigated in research. We hypothesized that auditory-perceptual ratings of intonation would be significantly lower for more hypernasal stimuli. Methods: One male and one female voice actor simulated 3 levels of intonation (monotone, normal, and exaggerated) at 4 different levels of hypernasality (normal, mild, moderate, and severe). Thirty participants listened to the simulations and rated the intonation on a visual …

Vortioxetine Differentially Modulates Mk-801-Induced Changes In Visual Signal Detection Task Performance And Locomotor Activity, Todd M. Hillhouse, Christina R. Merritt, Douglas A. Smith, Manuel Cajina, Connie Sanchez, Joseph H. Porter, Alan Pehrson

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Attention impairment is a common feature of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and MDD-associated cognitive dysfunction may play an important role in determining functional status among this patient population. Vortioxetine is a multimodal antidepressant that may improve some aspects of cognitive function in MDD patients, and may indirectly increase glutamate neurotransmission in brain regions classically associated with attention function. Previous non-clinical research suggests that vortioxetine has limited effects on attention. This laboratory previously found that vortioxetine did not improve attention function in animals impaired by acute scopolamine administration, using the visual signal detection task (VSDT). However, vortioxetine has limited effects on …

The Effect Of Wrapper Color On Candy Flavor Expectations And Perceptions, Debra Zellner, Nancy Greene, Monica Jimenez, Arturo Calderon, Yaritza Diaz, Mimi Sheraton

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The color of a product's metallic paper wrapper influences the expectations concerning the flavor of the product. These color-induced expectations are consistent with flavors associated with those colors (e.g., cherry-red) but vary somewhat with the product to be wrapped (e.g., a candy or beverage). Beverages wrapped in green were expected to have a lemon/lime flavor while candies wrapped in the same color were expected to have a mint flavor. Although flavor expectations were affected by the wrapper color there was no effect of the color of the wrapper on the identification of the flavor of a plain white spun sugar …

Proportional Reasoning In 5- To 6-Year-Olds, Wei He, Jennifer Yang, Dingguo Gao

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

There have been mixed results in studies investigating proportional reasoning in young children. The current study aimed to examine whether providing visual scaling cues and structuring the reasoning process can improve proportional reasoning in 5- to 6-year-old children. In a series of computerized tasks, children compared the sweetness of 2 mixtures. Each mixture was represented by a juice rectangle stacked on top of a water rectangle. Two rectangles shared the same width but were of same or different heights. The mixtures were scaled by either changing their widths or their heights. In Experiment 1, children’s performance was poor when judging …

The Relationship Between In-Session Commitment Language And Daily Self-Reported Commitment To Reduce Or Abstain From Drinking, Alexis Kuerbis, Jessica Houser, Paul Amrhein, Hayley Treloar Padovano, Jon Morgenstern

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Motivational interviewing is hypothesized to operate by enhancing a client's internal motivation to change. Past research operationalizes this process by measuring in-session statements for change (i.e., change talk), yet relationships between change talk and other measures of motivation have yet to be substantiated. This study tested whether in-session change talk predicted subsequent reports of commitment to abstain or moderate drinking assessed via ecological momentary assessment (EMA), and explored each of their contributions to drinking outcomes. Method: Secondary data analysis was performed on data from 48 study participants who received therapy within a randomized controlled trial testing mechanisms of actions …

The Relationships Between Organizational Citizenship Behavior Demands And Extra-Task Behaviors, Jeremy A. Bauer, Natalie A. Wright, Kevin Askew, Paul E. Spector

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The current study investigated the relationship between demands for organizational citizenship behaviors and future displays of organizational citizenship and counterproductive work behaviors. Such demands are conceptualized as organizational constraints, coworker failure, and supervisor pressure to commit organizational citizenship behaviors. The design of the current study is prospective with a week time lag between two self-report surveys. Four hundred sixty-four employed U.S. residents were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk service. Of the initial 464 participants, 183 also completed the second survey a week later. The evidence from this study suggests that demands for organizational citizenship behaviors are antecedents to future displays …

A Comparison Of Phonetic Convergence In Conversational Interaction And Speech Shadowing, Jennifer Pardo, Adelya Urmanche, Sherilyn Wilman-Depena, Jaclyn Wiener, Nicholas Mason, Keagan Francis, Melanie Ward

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Phonetic convergence is a form of variation in speech production in which a talker adopts aspects of another talker's acoustic–phonetic repertoire. To date, this phenomenon has been investigated in non-interactive laboratory tasks extensively and in conversational interaction to a lesser degree. The present study directly compares phonetic convergence in conversational interaction and in a non-interactive speech shadowing task among a large set of talkers who completed both tasks, using a holistic AXB perceptual similarity measure. Phonetic convergence occurred in a new role-neutral conversational task, exhibiting a subtle effect with high variability across talkers that is typical of findings reported in …

The Multimodal Antidepressant Vortioxetine May Facilitate Pyramidal Cell Firing By Inhibition Of 5-Ht3 Receptor Expressing Interneurons: An In Vitro Study In Rat Hippocampus Slices, Elena Dale, Morten Grunnet, Alan Pehrson, Kristen Frederiksen, Peter H. Larsen, Jacob Nielsen, Tine B. Stensbøl, Bjarke Ebert, Haolan Yin, Dunguo Lu, Huiquing Liu, Thomas N. Jensen, Charles R. Yang, Connie Sanchez

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine is thought to mediate its pharmacological effects via 5-HT 1A receptor agonism, 5-HT 1B receptor partial agonism, 5-HT 1D , 5-HT 3 , 5-HT 7 receptor antagonism and 5-HT transporter inhibition. Here we studied vortioxetine's functional effects across species (canine, mouse, rat, guinea pig and human) in cellular assays with heterologous expression of 5-HT 3A receptors (in Xenopus oocytes and HEK-293 cells) and in mouse neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells with endogenous expression of 5-HT 3A receptors. Furthermore, we studied the effects of vortioxetine on activity of CA1 Stratum Radiatum interneurons in rat hippocampus slices using current- and …

Using Electronic Health Record Alerts To Increase Safety Planning With Youth At-Risk For Suicide: A Non-Randomized Trial, Jazmin Reyes-Portillo, Erica M. Chin, Josefina Toso-Salman, J. Blake Turner, David Vawdrey, Laura Mufson

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: No study to date has examined the effectiveness of integrating clinical decision support tools, like electronic health record (EHR) alerts, into the clinical care of youth at-risk for suicide. Objective: This study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of using an EHR alert to increase clinicians’ use of safety planning with youth at-risk for suicide in an outpatient pediatric psychiatry clinic serving an urban low-income Latino community. Methods: An alert intervention was developed to remind clinicians to complete a safety plan whenever they documented that their patient endorsed suicidal ideation, plan, or attempt during a visit in EHR …

Using A Model To Design Activity-Based Educational Experiences To Improve Cultural Competency Among Graduate Students, Yeon Bai, Kathleen D. Bauer

Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Scholarship and Creative Works

To improve the cultural competency of 34 students participating in graduate nutrition counseling classes, the Campinha-Bacote Model of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Health Care Services was used to design, implement, and evaluate counseling classes. Each assignment and activity addressed one or more of the five constructs of the model, i.e., knowledge, skill, desire, encounters, and awareness. A repeated measure ANOVA evaluated pre- and post-test cultural competence scores (Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence among Healthcare Professionals). The overall cultural competence score significantly improved (p < 0.001) from “culturally aware” (68.7 at pre-test) to “culturally competent” (78.7 at post-test). Students significantly improved (p < 0.001) in four constructs of the model including awareness, knowledge, skill, and encounter. Factor analysis indicated that course activities accounted for 83.2% and course assignments accounted for 74.6% of the total variance of cultural competence. An activity-based counseling course encouraging self-evaluation and reflection and addressing Model constructs significantly improved the cultural competence of students. As class activities and assignments aligned well with the Campinha-Bacote Model constructs, the findings of this study can help guide health educators to design effective cultural competence training and education programs.

Dark-Side Personality Trait Interactions: Amplifying Negative Predictions Of Leadership Performance, Daniel Simonet, Robert P. Tett, Jeff Foster, Anastasia I. Angelback, Jennifer M. Bartlett

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Drawing on trait interaction theory and personality disorder subtypes, we examined narcissism-by-trait interactions (e.g., narcissism × antisocial tendencies) for predicting leadership performance in four independent archival samples (Ns = 285, 120, 106, 559). This study extends research on multiplicative effects of normative leader characteristics to consider how narcissism becomes particularly disruptive when combined with other extreme interpersonal tendencies. Moderated multiple regression results show interactions involving selected trait pairs varied across samples. Pooled analyses showed (a) differential generalizability across trait pairings and (b) that lower tiered managerial roles and weaker industrial contexts may release such effects. Inconsistencies suggest the need to …

Stigma Associated With Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia In Women’S Sexual Lives, Heino F.L. Meyer-Bahlburg, Jananne Khuri, Jazmin Reyes-Portillo, Anke A. Ehrhardt, Maria I. New

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The risk of intersex-related stigma often serves as social indication for “corrective” genital surgery, but has not been comprehensively documented. In preparation for the development of an intersex-specific stigma assessment tool, this qualitative project aimed to explore stigma in girls and women with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. As part of a comprehensive follow-up project, 62 adult women with classical CAH (age range 18–51 years) took part in an open-ended retrospective interview focusing on the impact of CAH and its treatment on various aspects of girls’ and women’s lives. Deductive qualitative content analysis (Patton, 2014) of …

The Influence Of Religion On The Criminal Behavior Of Emerging Adults, Christopher Salvatore, Gabriel Rubin

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Recent generations of young adults are experiencing a new life course stage: emerging adulthood. During this ‘new’ stage of the life course, traditional social bonds and turning points may not be present, may be delayed, or may not operate in the same manner as they have for prior generations. One such bond, religion, is examined here. Focusing on the United States, emerging adulthood is investigated as a distinct stage of the life course. The criminality of emerging adults is presented, a theoretical examination of the relationship between religion and crime is provided, the role of religion in emerging adults’ lives …

Assessment Of The Relationship Between A Written Measure Of Empathy And An Independently Rated Interview Of Motivational Interviewing, Jennifer L. Smith, P. Bertone, Kenneth M. Carpenter, R. Morgan Wain, Mei Chen Hu, Paul Amrhein, Edward V. Nunes

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based practice shown to be effective when working with people in treatment for substance use disorders. However, MI is a complex treatment modality optimized by training with feedback. Feedback, assessment and monitoring of treatment fidelity require measurement, which is typically done using audiotaped sessions. The gold standard for such measurement of MI skill has been an audiotaped interview, scored by a rater with a detailed structured instrument such as the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity 2.0 (MITI 2.0) Coding System (Moyers, et al., 2005). The Helpful Responses Questionnaire (HRQ) (Miller, Hedrick, & Orlofsky, 1991) is a …

Stage Salience And Situational Likelihood In The Formation Of Situation Models During Sentence Comprehension, David Townsend

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Two experiments examined the relation between event structure, situational likelihood and eye fixation time while reading predicate modifiers in isolated sentences. Experiment 1 used activity predicates and preparatory process predicates (climbed a mountain), which make salient the process that leads to a culmination. Preparatory process predicates increased first pass time on durative modifiers (for several years) and decreased total time on frequency modifiers (e.g., every year). Situational likelihood was associated with fixation times on frame modifiers (last year) but not with fixation times on durative or frequency modifiers. Experiment 2 used activity predicates and result state predicates (halted a class), …

The Impact Of Moving Entities On Wayfinding Performance, Jennifer Yang, Edward C. Merrill, Trent Robinson, Qi Wang

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Wayfinding requires monitoring movements in the environment, in addition to identifying stable landmarks. The current study investigated how moving entities impact wayfinding. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of moving entities that were presented during the acquisition but not during retrieval. Experiment 2 examined the effect of presenting moving entities during retrieval that were not presented during initial learning. Experiments 3 and 4 examined whether movement per se or attention directed to movement accounted for the effects of moving entities. We found that moving entities disrupted wayfinding more if they were presented during the acquisition stage and removed during retrieval. No …

Poor Encoding And Weak Early Consolidation Underlie Memory Acquisition Deficits In Multiple Sclerosis: Retroactive Interference, Processing Speed, Or Working Memory?, Joshua Sandry, Mark Zuppichini, Jessica Rothberg, Zerbrina Valdespino-Hayden, John Deluca

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Objective: Learning and memory impairments are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and may be related to difficulty acquiring (encoding or consolidating) new information. We evaluate the role of retroactive interference and investigate whether minimizing interference immediately following encoding (early during consolidation) will improve MS participants' ability to remember new verbal information. Additionally, we investigate processing speed differences between memory-impaired and unimpaired participants and present an exploratory analysis of how the dual-components of working memory (capacity vs. processing) relate to memory impairment. Method: MS memory-unimpaired (N = 12) and MS memory-impaired participants (N = 12) were compared to healthy controls (N …

Early Intervention Aba For Toddlers With Asd: Effect Of Age And Amount, Peter Vietze, Leah Esther Lax

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability manifested early in life. About 26–40% of young children with ASD have intellectual disability (ID). Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of ASD and improving cognitive and language function. The purpose of this study was to examine the optimal age, number of treatment hours and domains, for which ABA was effective in a community based early intervention program. An ABA program was implemented with 106 toddlers under 40 months, many of whom were from immigrant families with limited English proficiency. Bayley Scales, VBMAPP and CARS-2 …

Vortioxetine Improves Context Discrimination In Mice Through A Neurogenesis Independent Mechanism, Daniela Felice, Jean Philippe Guilloux, Alan Pehrson, Yan Li, Indira Mendez-David, Alain M. Gardier, Connie Sanchez, Denis J. David

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) patients may exhibit cognitive deficits and it is currently unclear to which degree treatment with antidepressants may affect cognitive function. Preclinical and clinical observations showed that vortioxetine (VORT, an antidepressant with multimodal activity), presents beneficial effects on aspects of cognitive function. In addition, VORT treatment increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in rodents, a candidate mechanism for antidepressant activity. Pattern separation (PS) is the ability to discriminate between two similar contexts/events generating two distinct and non-overlapping representations. Impaired PS may lead to overgeneralization and anxiety disorders. If PS impairments were described in depressed patients, the consequences of …

Vortioxetine Treatment Reverses Subchronic Pcp Treatment-Induced Cognitive Impairments: A Potential Role For Serotonin Receptor-Mediated Regulation Of Gaba Neurotransmission, Alan Pehrson, Christian S. Pedersen, Kirstine Sloth Tølbøl, Connie Sanchez

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with cognitive impairments that may contribute to poor functional outcomes. Clinical data suggests that the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine attenuates some cognitive impairments in MDD patients, but the mechanistic basis for these improvements is unclear. One theory suggests that vortioxetine improves cognition by suppressing γ-amino butyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission, thereby increasing glutamatergic activation. Vortioxetine's effects on cognition, GABA and glutamate neurotransmission have been supported in separate experiments, but no empirical work has directly connected vortioxetine's cognitive effects to those on GABA and glutamate neurotransmission. In this paper, we attempt to bridge this gap by evaluating …

Effects Of Vortioxetine On Biomarkers Associated With Glutamatergic Activity In An Ssri Insensitive Model Of Depression In Female Rats, N. Hlavacova, Y. Li, Alan Pehrson, Connie Sanchez, Isabel Bermudez-Diaz, Agnesa Csanova, Daniela Jezova, Michael Franklin

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant activity of vortioxetine in a tryptophan (TRP) depletion female rat model of depression and compare it to that of paroxetine using doses that fully occupy the serotonin transporter (SERT). We evaluated the effects of vortioxetine on potential biomarkers associated with TRP depletion including serum aldosterone, corticosterone and IL-6 levels together with indirect indicators of glutamate neurotransmission. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to control, low TRP, low TRP/paroxetine or low TRP/vortioxetine groups. Vortioxetine and paroxetine were administered via diet (10 mg/kg/day) and drinking water (10 mg/kg/day) respectively for 14 days. Vortioxetine …

Implicit Memory Of Locations And Identities: A Developmental Study, Jennifer Yang, Edward C. Merrill

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Objects in the environment have both location and identity properties. However, it is unclear how these independent properties are processed and combined in the implicit domain. The current study investigated the development of the implicit memory of object locations and object identities, both independently and combined, and the relation between implicit memory and working memory (WM) for these properties. Three age groups participated: 6- and 7-year-old children, 9- and 10-year-old children, and adults. Children and adults completed a repeated search paradigm. In the learning phase, targets’ locations were consistently predicted by both the identities and locations of the distracters. In …