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Articles 1 - 30 of 33
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Spiritual Well-Being Scale (Swbs): Measuring Spiritual Well-Being In International Contexts, Rodger K. Bufford, Raymond F. Paloutzian
Spiritual Well-Being Scale (Swbs): Measuring Spiritual Well-Being In International Contexts, Rodger K. Bufford, Raymond F. Paloutzian
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) is a 20-item measure of self-perceived spiritual health. Developed in the 1980s, it includes 2 subscales with 10 items each. Responses are made on a 6-point continuum from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree with no neutral point; 9 of the items are negatively worded to minimize response biases. The US samples show good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Content validity was established in construction. Expected correlations with religion and spirituality indices, social and psychological mea-sures, and physical functioning and demonstration of expected group differences support criterion validity. Factor analysis commonly shows 2 factors corresponding to …
American Cultural Symbolism Of Rage And Resistance In Collective Trauma: Racially-Influenced Political Myths, Counter-Myths, Projective Identification, And The Evocation Of Transcendent Humanity, Nahanni Freeman
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
Sociopolitical conflicts in America reveal the latent microcosms of communities, linguistic forms, bodies, and shared cultural narratives, which are driven by polarities and aggression. Considerable political alterity has arisen, promoting dehumanization, prejudice, sexism, and collective trauma as factions war over counter myths that create opposing American stories, including the debate over the role of science, the fusion of religion with politics and material gain, and the nature of truth. Individual psychic and projective events are also represented in sociopolitical events, creating aliens of external communities, promoting objectifying language, and enlisting alienation and dissonance within the self. These darker forces represent …
Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation In Replicability Across Samples And Settings, Richard A. Klein, Michelangelo Vianello, Susan L. O'Donnell, Et Al
Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation In Replicability Across Samples And Settings, Richard A. Klein, Michelangelo Vianello, Susan L. O'Donnell, Et Al
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely highpowered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores, respectively). Cumulatively, variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied.
Bridging The Gap: Pop Media As A Narrative Tool For Working With Millennials, Kristina M. Kays, David Kays, Adrian Egger
Bridging The Gap: Pop Media As A Narrative Tool For Working With Millennials, Kristina M. Kays, David Kays, Adrian Egger
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
This seminar explores the use of popular media as a means to explore emotions issues resulting from trauma and abuse. The movie Inside Out will be explored as a practical and live example for use in integrating narrative therapy interventions with challenging clients resistant to exploring emotional concerns in therapy.
Is Social Media Like An Onion?: Exploring The Social Penetration Theory As An Explanation For Viral Responses To Intimate Self-Disclosures, Kristina M. Kays, Rebekah E. Miles, Christopher J. Koch
Is Social Media Like An Onion?: Exploring The Social Penetration Theory As An Explanation For Viral Responses To Intimate Self-Disclosures, Kristina M. Kays, Rebekah E. Miles, Christopher J. Koch
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
A recent public FB post about a personal experience with depression went viral within a week. Within a week this post was reposted on numerous media outlets, and shared by others nearly 500,000 times. This post skipped to the third, affective stage, of the Social Penetration Theory.
Do Funerals Matter? The Purposes And Practices Of Death Rituals In Global Perspective (Book Review), Kristina M. Kays
Do Funerals Matter? The Purposes And Practices Of Death Rituals In Global Perspective (Book Review), Kristina M. Kays
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
Reviews the book, "Do Funerals Matter? The Purposes and Practices of DeathRituals in Global Perspective" by William G. Hoy (see record 2013-10676-000). The purpose of this book, “is to assist in acknowledging the need for those [funeral] rites and understanding them” (p. 3). In the 10 chapters in this 208-page text, Hoy examines such topics as funeral practice history, common symbols, value of community, rituals and heritage, inclusion of the physical body in ceremonies, trends in funeral practices and businesses, and clinical values of funeral practices. Hoy’s book offers a brief history of funeral rituals and traditions, with greatest emphasis …
Determinants Of Child Labor In Malawi And Tanzania, Courage C. Mudzongo, Christopher M. Whitsel
Determinants Of Child Labor In Malawi And Tanzania, Courage C. Mudzongo, Christopher M. Whitsel
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
Using the Malawi Integrated Household Survey of 2009 and the Tanzania National Panel Survey of 2010, this study seeks to understand the factors that increase a child`s likelihood of labor participation. A greater percentage of children in the Tanzania sample than those from the Malawi sample participate in child labor. Logistic regression analyses showed that, as hypothesized, the greatest influence on child labor observed at the individual level is the child`s school enrollment status. Enrollment reduces the likelihood of engaging in child labor in both countries. When tested in the combined model older children in Tanzania remain at higher risk …
Does Survey Format Influence Self-Disclosure On Sensitive Question Items?, Kristina M. Kays, Kathleen Gathercoal, William C. Buhrow
Does Survey Format Influence Self-Disclosure On Sensitive Question Items?, Kristina M. Kays, Kathleen Gathercoal, William C. Buhrow
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
Although there are advantages for use of internet based survey research over other formats, there remains in question whether survey mode influences the data measurement equivalency. While most research exploring survey format finds little or no difference in measurement equivalency, the interaction of sensitive topics and survey modality is not fully understood. Additionally, research suggests gender differences in item response on sensitive topics. The present study examined archival data from a college health survey using both online and paper–pencil survey formats. The interaction was evaluated between gender, survey format, and item sensitivity level. Results indicate that question topic sensitivity has …
The Poverty Puzzle: The Surprising Difference Between Wealthy And Poor Students For Self-Efficacy And Academic Achievement, Diomaris E. Jurecska, Kelly B.T. Chang, Mary A. Peterson, Chloe E. Lee-Zorn, Joav Merrick, Elizabeth Sequeira
The Poverty Puzzle: The Surprising Difference Between Wealthy And Poor Students For Self-Efficacy And Academic Achievement, Diomaris E. Jurecska, Kelly B.T. Chang, Mary A. Peterson, Chloe E. Lee-Zorn, Joav Merrick, Elizabeth Sequeira
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
This study explored the relationship between intellectual ability, socioeconomic status (SES), academic achievement and self-efficacy in a cross-cultural sample. Data from 90 students (63 students from Central America and 27 from the US) showed that regardless of culture or IQ, students from low SES families had signifi cantly lower grade point averages than students from medium- or high-SES families. Unexpectedly, data showed that regardless of culture or IQ, students from high-SES families had the lowest self-efficacy, but the highest academic performance. Results suggest that self-efficacy is likely to be related to expectations and selfperception beyond IQ or culture.
If I Value Myself, I Value School: The Protective Effect Of Self-Esteem Among Abused Females, Kelly B.T. Chang, Diomaris E. Jurecska, Chloe E. Lee-Zorn, Joav Merrick
If I Value Myself, I Value School: The Protective Effect Of Self-Esteem Among Abused Females, Kelly B.T. Chang, Diomaris E. Jurecska, Chloe E. Lee-Zorn, Joav Merrick
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
Children who have been severely maltreated tend to perform significantly below their non-maltreated peers in standardized tests, earn lower grades and have the most discipline issues in the school setting. There is evidence that self-esteem (SE) may be a protective factor for youth with regard to negative emotional outcomes. The role of self-esteem needs to be explored further in more collectivistic cultures. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between physical abuse, SE and school attitudes. Participants included 14 females rescued from a city landfi ll in Nicaragua (ages 7 – 17 years, M = 12.44), half …
Is Conformity A Mediating Variable On Increased Risk-Taking Behavior Across Years Of Membership In The Greek System?, Chloe Lee-Zorn, William C. Buhrow, Brett Vicario
Is Conformity A Mediating Variable On Increased Risk-Taking Behavior Across Years Of Membership In The Greek System?, Chloe Lee-Zorn, William C. Buhrow, Brett Vicario
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
In the college subculture of Greek Life, members adhere to specific rules and norms in order to remain accepted, which could be indicative of conformity. This notion raises the question: what is the role of conformity on the risk taking behaviors of alcohol usage and sexual promiscuity as well as on the academic performance across years of membership? The article examines conformity in 31 fraternity members, cross-sectionally, using a compressed longitudinal design and hypothesizes members develop lower levels of conformity after initiation, making them less susceptible to risk taking behaviors such as binge drinking, sexual promiscuity and decreased academic performance. …
I Am Smart, Therefore I Can: Examining The Relationship Between Iq And Self-Efficacy Across Cultures, Diomaris E. Jurecska, Chloe E. Lee-Zorn, Kelly B.T. Chang, Elizabeth Sequeira
I Am Smart, Therefore I Can: Examining The Relationship Between Iq And Self-Efficacy Across Cultures, Diomaris E. Jurecska, Chloe E. Lee-Zorn, Kelly B.T. Chang, Elizabeth Sequeira
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between intelligence (IQ) and self-efficacy in children and adolescents living in the United States and Nicaragua. The sample consisted of 90 (46 male, 44 female) students (mean age = 11.57 years, SD = 3.0 years) referred by school administrators and faculty. United States (US) participants (n = 27) resided in rural counties in the Northwest. The other group consisted of 63 students from Central America. A comparison between groups revealed that in the US, sample higher grades and IQ scores are typically associated with higher levels of self-efficacy. However in …
Steps For Prioritizing Academic Advising: A Small-School Case Study, Chris Koch, Kristina M. Kays
Steps For Prioritizing Academic Advising: A Small-School Case Study, Chris Koch, Kristina M. Kays
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
This paper presents a case study of the steps taken to prioritize academic advising at a small, four-year, liberal arts university. Assessment data from several sources and an advising task force shaped the plan for changing the importance and culture of academic advising within the institution.
Technology And Religion: Remaining Human In A Co-Created World (Book Review), Kristina M. Kays
Technology And Religion: Remaining Human In A Co-Created World (Book Review), Kristina M. Kays
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
Reviews the book, "Technology and religion: Remaining human in a co-created world" by Noreen Herzfeld (see record 2009-04118-000). In this book, the author urges laypersons and professionals to consider the complexities of moral decision making about technology. Herzfeld explores how Christian, Jewish, and Islamic thinkers evaluate three categories of new technologies: “technologies of the human body, technologies of the human mind, and technologies of the external environment” (p. viii). This text is part of the Templeton Science and Religion series, which addresses the intersection between science and religion. While all books in this series are authored by specialists in the …
Can We Improve Emotional Intelligence? Addressing The Positive Psychology Goal Of Enhancing Strengths - Chapter 2 From "Emotional Intelligence: Perspectives On Educational And Positive Psychology", Kelly B.T. Chang
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
No abstract provided.
The Substance Of Quality Treatment With Coexisting Problems (Book Review), Kristina M. Kays
The Substance Of Quality Treatment With Coexisting Problems (Book Review), Kristina M. Kays
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
Reviews the book, "Clinical handbook of co-existing mental health and drug and alcohol problems" by Amanda Baker and Richard Velleman (see record 2007-01081-000). The text editors, Baker and Velleman, propose to present "practical descriptions of assessments and interventions for coexisting problems, with a view to enhancing motivation, confidence and competence to do so". Not only do the chapters succinctly address expert views on assessment, but they also thoughtfully explain intervention approaches with coexisting issues, specific populations, and further training and supervision needs in the treatment of coexisting disorders. The editors use European spelling and an approach that is a "symptom-focused …
Getting To The Heart Of It (Book Review), Kristina M. Kays
Getting To The Heart Of It (Book Review), Kristina M. Kays
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
Reviews the book, "Assessment of Client Core Issues" by Richard W. Halstead (see record 2006-21518-000). According to Kays, this book offers a conceptualization of clinical cases synthesizing elements from narrative, schema, and cognitive therapy traditions. The author's stated goal is "to present a model that might help counselors think past a symptom-based formulation for diagnosis and incorporate a structured process for analyzing the vast amount of information clients reveal about their struggles in life". Depending heavily on schema therapy concepts originally developed by J. E. Young, Halstead develops an assessment approach that addresses both the unremarkable and problematic client situations. …
Cutting Through The Confusion (Review), Kristina M. Kays
Cutting Through The Confusion (Review), Kristina M. Kays
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
Reviews the video, Self-Injury (with) Wendy Lader (2006). Self-injury behavior (SIB) includes, among other behaviors, "intentional carving or cutting of the skin and subdermal tissue, scratching, burning, ripping or pulling skin or hair, swallowing toxic substances, bruising, and breaking bones" (Cornell Research Program, 2006). Over the last two decades self-injury reports have risen noticeably because of increased SIB in adolescents, more clients seeking help, and increased reliability in diagnosis among professionals. The alarming numbers indicate a desperate need to understand how to diagnose and treat SIB clients effectively. In response to this escalating need, guest expert Wendy Lader is featured …
Finishing Therapy Well (Book Review), Kristina M. Kays
Finishing Therapy Well (Book Review), Kristina M. Kays
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
Reviews the book, "Good Goodbyes: Knowing How to End in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis" by Jack Novick and Kerry Kelly Novick (see record 2006-05376-000). Deciding when to end clinical therapy and how to end it well can be a mystifying process. In "Good Goodbyes: Knowing How to End in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis", Jack Novick and Kerry Kelly Novick share insights from their vast combined experience to diminish the mystery of therapeutic closure. The book, which is firmly based in psychoanalytic theory, uses a question format to explore the many hows, whys, whats, and whens of termination. The authors outline treatment stages …
Dancing Around The Fire (Book Review), Kristina M. Kays
Dancing Around The Fire (Book Review), Kristina M. Kays
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
Reviews the book, "What Therapists Don't Talk About and Why: Understanding Taboos That Hurt Us and Our Clients" by Kenneth Pope, Janet Sonne, and Beverly Greene (see record 2006-03273-000). What truly hauntstherapists in private practice are not the basic countertransference issues discussed in most graduate training programs but the unspoken secrets of their inner world. Too often, therapists are preoccupied by sexual responses to clients, hostile thoughts, and desire for professional approval, but training and peer discussions rarely focus on these forbidden topics. "What TherapistsDon't Talk About and Why: Understanding Taboos That Hurt Us and Our Clients" is an updated …
Can We Teach Emotional Intelligence?, Kelly B.T. Chang
Can We Teach Emotional Intelligence?, Kelly B.T. Chang
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
Although there are hundreds of programs in thousands of schools that claim to enhance some aspect of emotional intelligence (EI), research has yet to show that it can in fact be enhanced. This study used proven behavioral self-modification techniques in semester-long Psychology of Adjustment courses to help undergraduate college students improve their EI. Students used the techniques in their own self-change projects, choosing EI topics such as assertiveness, empathy, self-regard, and emotion management. The course also included instruction on EI, as well as on theory and strategies from rational emotive therapy. Students in the treatment group (n=79) and control group …
Supporting The Successful Transition Of Youth With Disabilities Between Secondary School And Postsecondary School, Megan A. Conway, Kelly B.T. Chang
Supporting The Successful Transition Of Youth With Disabilities Between Secondary School And Postsecondary School, Megan A. Conway, Kelly B.T. Chang
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
No abstract provided.
Improving Implicit Beliefs And Expectations In Academic Achievement For Postsecondary Students With Disabilities, Kelly B.T. Chang
Improving Implicit Beliefs And Expectations In Academic Achievement For Postsecondary Students With Disabilities, Kelly B.T. Chang
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
In this article, the author introduces the sociocognitive theory of implicit theories of intelligence (developed by Carol S. Dweck and her colleagues) to the field of rehabilitation, and analyzes disability issues in postsecondary academic achievement within this framework. This sociocognitive theory highlights the utility of the social model of disability. People hold two types of implicit beliefs about intelligence. An entity belief can lead to helplessness and negative self-concepts in the face of failure, because it focuses on labels and stable traits. An incremental belief leads to greater resilience in the face of failure by focusing on strategy and effort …
Object Recognition Tasks: Comparing Paper Versions To Computerized Laboratory Methods, Jody Guyette, Chris Koch
Object Recognition Tasks: Comparing Paper Versions To Computerized Laboratory Methods, Jody Guyette, Chris Koch
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
No abstract provided.
The Acquisition Of Learning Strategies In The General Classroom, Kelly B.T. Chang
The Acquisition Of Learning Strategies In The General Classroom, Kelly B.T. Chang
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
Selfregulated learning strategies were taught in introductory psychology courses. Students who used the strategies frequently (N=9) and who did not use them (N=10) were interviewed about factors that influenced their use of strategies. Two models were developed: a) a model of contextual and motivational factors influencing study habits, and b) a model of the decision process for acquiring learning strategies. Salient factors influencing study efforts and use of strategies included implicit theories of intelligence, goals in college, interest in class, and valuing practice.
Stroop Interference And Working Memory - Reply To Stafford On Koch On Stroop-Differences, Chris Koch
Stroop Interference And Working Memory - Reply To Stafford On Koch On Stroop-Differences, Chris Koch
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
Koch et al. (1999) presented two studies in which cluster analysis was used to examine individual differences in Stroop processing. Stafford (2000) raised two questions concerning the methodology of Study I and the results from Study II. This reply addresses those issues. It is concluded that cluster analysis can be used examine individual differences but that multiple methods of cluster analysis may be appropriate when analyzing data. Further, the results from Study II are consistent with current research on working memory when comparing across participants. The results, however, do suggest that additional research is needed to determine the role of …
Stress, Coping, And Success Among Clinical Psychology Graduate Students, Nancy G. Nelson, Carol Dell'oliver, Chris Koch, Robert Buckler
Stress, Coping, And Success Among Clinical Psychology Graduate Students, Nancy G. Nelson, Carol Dell'oliver, Chris Koch, Robert Buckler
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
No abstract provided.
Documenting The Benefits Of Undergraduate Mentoring, Chris Koch, W. Brad Johnson
Documenting The Benefits Of Undergraduate Mentoring, Chris Koch, W. Brad Johnson
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
No abstract provided.
Perception Of Parental Acceptance-Rejection And Satisfaction With Life In Women With Binge Eating Disorder, Nina L. Dominy, W. Brad Johnson, Chris Koch
Perception Of Parental Acceptance-Rejection And Satisfaction With Life In Women With Binge Eating Disorder, Nina L. Dominy, W. Brad Johnson, Chris Koch
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
The authors contribute to the validating literature for binge eating disorder (BED) by examining perceptions of parents and satisfaction with life among obese women with and without BED. Participants were female patients, recruited through a private medical clinic, who were assigned to groups on the basis of body mass index (BMI) and scores on the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns (QEWP; R. L. Spitzer et al., 1992). Groups consisted of (a) obese women with BED (n = 32). (b) obese women who had no eating disorders (n = 51). and (c) nonobese women with no eating disorders (n = …
Influences Of Occlusion, Color, Luminance, And Size On The Perception Of Fragmented Pictures, James M. Brown, Christopher Koch
Influences Of Occlusion, Color, Luminance, And Size On The Perception Of Fragmented Pictures, James M. Brown, Christopher Koch
Faculty Publications - Psychology Department
No abstract provided.