Psychology Commons^™

An Introduction To Psychological Statistics, Garett C. Foster, David Lane, David Scott, Mikki Hebl, Rudy Guerra, Dan Osherson, Heidi Zimmer

Open Educational Resources Collection

This work has been superseded by Introduction to Statistics in the Psychological Sciences available from https://irl.umsl.edu/oer/25/.

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We are constantly bombarded by information, and finding a way to filter that information in an objective way is crucial to surviving this onslaught with your sanity intact. This is what statistics, and logic we use in it, enables us to do. Through the lens of statistics, we learn to find the signal hidden in the noise when it is there and to know when an apparent trend or pattern is really just randomness. The study of statistics involves math and relies …

Wellness Behaviors And Body Mass Index Among U.S. Adolescents: A Comparative Study, Timothy Makubuya

Educator Preparation & Leadership Faculty Works

Behaviors such as sedentariness, poor nutritional choices and inadequate sleeping put youth at risk of illnesses. Although health and physical education programs are structured to promote the development of various health and physical skills, they are constantly faced with challenges to their continual existence. As such, issues related to body composition ensue and manifest differently across gender and race/ethnicity. This study aimed at examining the relationships between multiple youth risk behaviors and body composition. In addition, gender and racial/ethnic differences between white and black high school students were examined. Bivariate and multivariate examinations of physical activity, dietary behavior, sleep in …

The Relationship Between Sexual Sensation Seeking And Problematic Internet Pornography Use: A Moderated Mediation Model Examining Roles Of Online Sexual Activities And The Third-Person Effect, Lijun Chen, Lijun Chen, Ying Yang, Wenliang Su, Wenliang Su, Lijun Zheng, Cody Ding, Marc Potenza

Education Sciences and Professional Programs Faculty Works

Background and aimsInternet pornography consumption is prevalent among college students and problematic for some, yet little is known regarding the psychological constructs underlying problematic Internet pornography use (PIPU). Drawing on the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model, this study tested a model that sexual sensation seeking (SSS) would impact PIPU through online sexual activities (OSAs) and that this relationship would be influenced by the third-person effect (TPE; a social cognitive bias relating to perceived impacts on others as compared to oneself) in a gender-sensitive manner.MethodsA total of 808 Chinese college students (age range: 17–22 years, 57.7% male) were recruited and surveyed.ResultsMen scored …

Effects Of Organization And Disorganization On Pleasantness, Calmness, And The Frontal Negativity In The Event-Related Potential, Sandra Langeslag

Psychology Faculty Works

A preference for organization is associated with several disorders, but is widespread in the general population as well. It remains unclear whether organization and various degrees of disorganization elicit pleasant or unpleasant feelings (i.e., valence), calming or arousing feelings (i.e., arousal), and a frontal negativity in the event-related potential (ERP) related to cognitive control. This study tested how organization, slight disorganization, and total disorganization affect valence, arousal, and the frontal negativity. Participants passively viewed organized, slightly disorganized, totally disorganized, and control pictures while their electroencephalogram was recorded. They also rated the valence and arousal elicited by each picture and completed …

Network Changes Associated With Transdiagnostic Depressive Symptom Improvement Following Cognitive Behavioral Therapy In Mdd And Ptsd, Steven Bruce, Zhen Yang, Shi Gu, Nicolas Honnorat, Kristin Linn, Russell Shinohara, Irem Aselcioglu, Desmond Oathes, Christos Davatzikos, Theodore Satterthwaite, Danielle Bassett, Yvette Sheline

Psychology Faculty Works

Despite widespread use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in clinical practice, its mechanisms with respect to brain networks remain sparsely described. In this study, we applied tools from graph theory and network science to better understand the transdiagnostic neural mechanisms of this treatment for depression. A sample of 64 subjects was included in a study of network dynamics: 33 patients (15 MDD, 18 PTSD) received longitudinal fMRI resting state scans before and after 12 weeks of CBT. Depression severity was rated on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Thirty-one healthy controls were included to determine baseline network roles. Univariate and …

Neural And Behavioral Correlates Of Negative Self‐Focused Thought Associated With Depression, Carissa Philippi, M. Cornejo, Carlton Frost, Erin Walsh, Roxanne Hoks, Rasmus Birn, Heather Abercrombie

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

A Pathway To Psychological Difficulty: Perceived Chronic Social Adversity And Its Symptomatic Reactions, Cody Ding, Jingqiu Zhang, Dong Yang

Education Sciences and Professional Programs Faculty Works

In this paper, we attempt to predict and explain psychological maladjustment or difficulty. Specifically, we discuss the concept of perceived chronic social adversity, and we expect that such perceived chronic social adversity may potentially lead to chronic stress responses. Accordingly, we propose the symptomatic reactions of perceived chronic social adversity. We put forward a set of hypotheses regarding the relationships between perceived chronic social adversity and those chronic stress responses, and we further hypothesize a mediating role of individualized negative essentialism brought by perceived chronical social adversity. Resilience and individual differences in the ability to cope with perceived adversity are …

Development Of Body Emotion Perception In Infancy_ From Discrimination To Recognition.Pdf, Alison Heck, Alyson Chroust, Hannah White, Rachel Jubran, Ramesh Bhatt

Psychology Faculty Works

Research suggests that infants progress from discrimination to recognition of emotions in faces during the first half year of life. It is whether the perception of emotions from bodies develops in a similar manner. In the current study, when presented with happy and angry body videos and voices, 5-month-olds looked longer at the matching video when they were presented upright but not when they were inverted. In contrast, 3.5-month-olds failed to match even with upright videos. Thus, 5-month-olds but not 3.5-month-olds exhibited evidence of recognition of emotions from bodies by demonstrating intermodal matching. In a subsequent experiment, younger infants did …

Childhood Interpersonal Violence And Adult Alcohol, Cannabis, And Tobacco Use Disorders: Variation By Race/Ethnicity?, Jacquelyn Meyers, Carolyn Sartor, Kimberly Werner, Karestan Koenen, Bridget Grant, Deborah Hasin

Nursing Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Internet-Delivered Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training For Suicidal And Heavy Drinkers, Chelsey Wilks, Qingqing Yin, Sin Yee Ang, Brandon Matsumiya, Anita Lungu, Marsha Linehan

Psychology Faculty Works

Background: The need to develop effective and accessible interventions for suicidal individuals engaging in heavy episodic drinking (HED) cannot be understated. While the link between alcohol use and suicidality is a complex one that remains to be elucidated, emotion dysregulation may play a key role in alcohol-related suicide risk in these individuals. Objective: In the current study, an 8-week Internet-delivered dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills training intervention was developed and preliminarily evaluated for suicidal individuals who engage in HED to regulate emotions. The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the therapist-assisted and Internet-delivered intervention, …

Structural And Functional Brain Imaging In Acute Hiv, Carissa Philippi, Vishal Samboju, Phillip Chan, Yann Cobigo, James Fletcher, Merlin Robb, Joanna Hellmuth, Khunthalee Benjapornpong, Netsiri Dumrongpisutikul, Mantana Pothisri, Robert Paul, Jintanat Ananworanich, Serena Spudich, Victor Valcour

Psychology Faculty Works

Background: HIV RNA is identified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within eight days of estimated viral exposure. Neurological findings and impaired neuropsychological testing performance are documented in a subset of individuals with acute HIV infection (AHI). The purpose of this study was to determine whether microstructural white matter and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) are disrupted in AHI.Methods: We examined 49 AHI (100% male; mean age = 30 ± SD 9.9) and 23 HIV-uninfected Thai participants (78% male; age = 30 ± 5.5) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and rsFC acquired at 3 Tesla, and four neuropsychological tests (summarized as NPZ-4). MRI …

Structural And Functional Brain Imaging In Acute Hiv, Vishal Samboju, Carissa Philippi, Phillip Chan, Yann Cobigo, James Fletcher, Merlin Robb, Merlin Robb, Joanna Hellmuth, Khunthalee Benjapornpong, Netsiri Dumrongpisutikul, Mantana Pothisri, Robert Paul, Jintanat Ananworanich, Serena Spudich, Victor Valcour, Rv Teams

Psychology Faculty Works

Background:HIV RNA is identified in cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) within eightdays of estimated viral exposure. Neurological findings and impaired neuropsychological testing performance are documented in a subset of individuals with acuteHIV infection (AHI). The purpose of this study was to determine whether microstructural white matter and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) are disruptedin AHI.Methods:We examined 49 AHI (100% male; mean age = 30 ± SD 9.9) and 23 HIV-uninfected Thai participants (78% male; age = 30 ± 5.5) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and rsFC acquired at 3 Tesla, and four neuropsychological tests (summarized as NPZ-4). MRI for the AHI group was performed …

Psychopathic Traits Linked To Alterations In Neural Activity During Personality Judgments Of Self And Others, Philip Deming, Carissa Philippi, Richard Wolf, Monika Dargis, Kent Kiehl, Michael Koenigs

Psychology Faculty Works

Psychopathic individuals are notorious for their grandiose sense of self-worth and disregard for the welfare of others. One potential psychological mechanism underlying these traits is the relative consideration of “self” versus “others”. Here we used task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify neural responses during personality trait judgments about oneself and a familiar other in a sample of adult male incarcerated offenders (n = 57). Neural activity was regressed on two clusters of psychopathic traits: Factor 1 (e.g., egocentricity and lack of empathy) and Factor 2 (e.g., impulsivity and irresponsibility). Contrary to our hypotheses, Factor 1 scores were not …

Dataset : Effects Of Organization And Disorganization On Pleasantness, Calmness, And The Frontal Negativity In The Event-Related Potential, Sandra Langeslag

Psychology Faculty Works

A preference for organization is associated with several disorders, but is widespread in the general population as well. It remains unclear whether organization and various degrees of disorganization elicit pleasant or unpleasant feelings (i.e., valence), calming or arousing feelings (i.e., arousal), and a frontal negativity in the event-related potential (ERP) related to cognitive control. This study tested how organization, slight disorganization, and total disorganization affect valence, arousal, and the frontal negativity. Participants passively viewed organized, slightly disorganized, totally disorganized, and control pictures while their electroencephalogram was recorded. They also rated the valence and arousal elicited by each picture and completed …

Inclusive Community Service Among College Students With And Without Intellectual Disability: A Pilot Study., Alexandra Manikas, Erik Carter, Jennifer Bumble

Educator Preparation & Leadership Faculty Works

No abstract provided.