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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Neuroimmunoendocrine Pathology And Cognitive Function In Type 2 Diabetes, Krista Wild
Neuroimmunoendocrine Pathology And Cognitive Function In Type 2 Diabetes, Krista Wild
Psychology Dissertations
Cognitive impairment among older adults with type 2 diabetes may worsen health outcomes via negative impact on compliance with medical self-care recommendations. Results of several previous studies indicate that cognitive deficits are present in older European American adults with type 2 diabetes under some conditions, particularly related to glucose dysregulation (as evidenced by high glycated hemoglobin, i.e., HbA1c). Despite the fact African Americans are disproportionately affected by diabetes and suffer significantly greater numbers of complications and more severe complications relative to European Americans, no published studies have examined cognitive functioning among older African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Further, …
The Therapist's Experience Of Feeling In Too Deep With A Client: A Phenomenological Exploration, Deborah Lynn Weisshaar
The Therapist's Experience Of Feeling In Too Deep With A Client: A Phenomenological Exploration, Deborah Lynn Weisshaar
Psychology Dissertations
Research regarding the experience of the psychotherapist in the therapeutic interaction is uncommon in scientific literature and rarer still in the literature of the U.S. When Freud recognized the therapist’s emotional experience in response to the client, he termed it countertransference and identified it as counterproductive to the analytic process. Later it was recognized as containing potentially useful information about the client. Despite a shift in academic concern away from the clinician’s experience, outcome studies have demonstrated the importance of the therapeutic relationship. If the therapist’s experience can help or hinder the relationship and, therefore, the process of therapy, it …
Trauma Exposure And Behavioral Outcomes In Sheltered Homeless Children: The Moderating Role Of Perceived Social Support, Beryl Ann Cowan
Trauma Exposure And Behavioral Outcomes In Sheltered Homeless Children: The Moderating Role Of Perceived Social Support, Beryl Ann Cowan
Psychology Dissertations
This study examined the association between traumatic exposure and mental health outcomes in sheltered homeless children. Also investigated was the moderating role of perceived social support in the pathway between traumatic exposure and emotional distress. Trauma exposure was conceptualized in two ways: first through lifetime exposures to abuse, neglect, negative peers, community and interpersonal violence, and the loss of significant attachment figures, and; second through highly stressful events that occur s pecifically in the context of homelessness. Mental health outcomes included symptoms of depression, anxiety, anger, aggression and posttraumatic stress. Perceived social support was measured through inventories of relationships with …
Timing Variables In Reading And Language: The Relation Of Naming Speed And Motor Speed To Auditory Temporal Processing, Cynthia M. Zettler
Timing Variables In Reading And Language: The Relation Of Naming Speed And Motor Speed To Auditory Temporal Processing, Cynthia M. Zettler
Psychology Dissertations
Naming speed, motor skill, and auditory temporal processing (ATP) are constructs that are important to reading and language. These variables require processing timing information inherent in the stimulus or processing stimuli rapidly. ATP deficits are found in individuals with reading impairments, but studies are conflicting regarding the relationship between reading and ATP. This study examined relationships between naming speed, motor speed, and ATP, and centered on possible factors why inconsistencies have occurred across studies examining the association between reading and ATP. If the timing element of naming speed (rapid automatized naming-RAN) and of motor speed is common to ATP, then …
Motor Control And Reading Fluency: Contributions Beyond Phonological Awareness And Rapid Automatized Naming In Children With Reading Disabilities., Christopher Blake Wolfe
Motor Control And Reading Fluency: Contributions Beyond Phonological Awareness And Rapid Automatized Naming In Children With Reading Disabilities., Christopher Blake Wolfe
Psychology Dissertations
Multiple domains of deficit have been proposed to account for the apparent reading failure of children with a reading disability. Deficits in both phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming are consistently linked with the development of a reading disability in young school age children. Less research, however, has sought to connect these two reading related processes to global theories of deficit, such as temporal processing deficits, in the explanation of reading fluency difficulties. This study sought to explore the relationship between aspects of temporal processing, as indexed through measures of motor fluency and control, and measures of reading related processes, …
Self-Reported Inattention And Hyperactivity-Impulsivity As Predictors Of Attention Network Efficiency, Sanna Elina Lehtonen
Self-Reported Inattention And Hyperactivity-Impulsivity As Predictors Of Attention Network Efficiency, Sanna Elina Lehtonen
Psychology Dissertations
Previous research has shown that individuals endorsing inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity have deficient performance on tasks tapping different aspects of attention. Although there is empirical evidence suggesting that the behavioral domains of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity are linked to functioning of independent and separate brain areas and neurotransmitter systems, cognitive characterization of adults presenting with problems within these domains is not complete. The aim for this study was to identify the cognitive correlates of the core behavioral domains that define the diagnosis of AD/HD (i.e., inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity) in a sample of college students, utilizing a computerized attention task, the Attention Network …
Mechanisms Through Which Supportive Adult Relationships And Future Orientation Contribute To Positive Outcomes In Low-Income African-American Adolescents., Kimberley Anne Broomfield
Mechanisms Through Which Supportive Adult Relationships And Future Orientation Contribute To Positive Outcomes In Low-Income African-American Adolescents., Kimberley Anne Broomfield
Psychology Dissertations
Adolescents raised in impoverished environments are at substantial risk of making poor life decisions because they are often exposed to high levels of neighborhood violence and substance use, and attend under-resourced schools. Despite facing these risks, many youth experience adaptive developmental outcomes in the face of these challenges. Resilience literature identifies the presence of a supportive adult relationship and a positive future orientation (i.e., an optimistic conceptualization of the future) as factors related to decreases in negative outcomes and increases in positive outcomes among youth exposed to conditions of risk This study examined both mediation and moderation as possible mechanisms …
Disentangling Pathways Of Adolescent Sexual Risk From Problem Behavior Syndrome, Kathryn Amanda Brookmeyer
Disentangling Pathways Of Adolescent Sexual Risk From Problem Behavior Syndrome, Kathryn Amanda Brookmeyer
Psychology Dissertations
Understanding the development of adolescent sexual risk behavior is complicated by the co-occurrence of sexual risk with substance use and delinquency, conceptualized as “problem behavior syndrome,” with common causes and influences underlying all three problem behaviors (Jessor & Jessor, 1977). Explaining the development of sexual risk becomes even more complex given the changing patterns of adaptation and maladaptation over the course of adolescence (Sroufe & Rutter, 1984). Research also suggests that multiple pathways may forecast adolescent engagement in sexual risk behavior, underscoring the ideas of equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology (Cicchetti & Rogosh, 1996). To understand the diverse nature …
Humor Perception: The Contribution Of Cognitive Factors, Erin Baldwin
Humor Perception: The Contribution Of Cognitive Factors, Erin Baldwin
Psychology Dissertations
Most of the extant humor research has focused on humor comprehension with only a few studies investigating humor appreciation as a separate construct. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relation between humor and underlying cognitive processes. Literature on brain injured individuals has indicated that working memory, verbal and visual-spatial reasoning, cognitive flexibility, and concept formation are related to performance on comprehension tests of humor. In this study, cognitive processes underlying both verbal and nonverbal humor were investigated in a sample of healthy young adults. There is evidence that semantic and phonological humor are associated with different neural …
Effects Of Stigma, Sense Of Community, And Self-Esteem On The Hiv Sexual Risk Behaviors Of African American And Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men, Teresa Jacobs Finlayson
Effects Of Stigma, Sense Of Community, And Self-Esteem On The Hiv Sexual Risk Behaviors Of African American And Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men, Teresa Jacobs Finlayson
Psychology Dissertations
African-American and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) bear a disproportionately large burden of the Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) epidemic in the United States. To further enhance HIV prevention efforts among men of color, a survey was conducted within New York City’s house ball community; a community largely comprised of racial and ethnic minority persons. Time-space sampling was adapted to recruit participants for the survey from venues frequented by members of the house ball community. Using logistic regression analysis, this study examined the effects of perceived stigma, enacted stigma, sense of community and self-esteem on unprotected anal intercourse …
Revictimization: Advancing Theory And Method, Chantal Poister Tusher
Revictimization: Advancing Theory And Method, Chantal Poister Tusher
Psychology Dissertations
Revictimization, defined as victimization occurring at different points in time, has been found repeatedly in college, community, and clinical samples. Attempts to understand this relation have been theoretically and methodologically limited. Theoretically, most studies have considered only individual level characteristics such as personality traits, and methodologically, the variety of definitions and measures used makes comparisons difficult. This study investigated the effect of homelessness, an exosystem factor, as a moderator of the revictimization relation in a sample of 370 underserved women (191 in prison and 179 seeking healthcare at an urban, public hospital). A series of logistic regressions were conducted to …
The Impact Of Stereotypes On Public Speaking Performance And Anxiety, Simon Y. Kim
The Impact Of Stereotypes On Public Speaking Performance And Anxiety, Simon Y. Kim
Psychology Dissertations
Public speaking anxiety is a common experience in both community and clinical populations and can have a negative impact on quality of life. Although contemporary treatments have been found to be effective, there is a lack of cultural relevance in existing theories and treatments. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of stereotypes, a culturally relevant variable, on public speaking performance and anxiety for African Americans and Asian Americans. Participants (N=97) were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions where they either received feedback that was stereotype confirming or non-stereotype confirming. Analyses of variance procedures were …
Predictors Of Treatment Adherence In Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Role Of Age, Body Satisfaction And Prospective Memory In Medication And Diet Behavior., Christina Helen Vlahou
Predictors Of Treatment Adherence In Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Role Of Age, Body Satisfaction And Prospective Memory In Medication And Diet Behavior., Christina Helen Vlahou
Psychology Dissertations
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; Crohn’s disease & ulcerative colitis) is a chronic illness in which medication and dietary adherence may determine disease natural history and severity of symptoms. We hypothesized that age, prospective memory (PM) and body satisfaction would predict medication and dietary adherence in adolescents with IBD and that gender and age would modify the relation between body satisfaction and adherence, with older girls being less adherent than younger children. Fifty-seven participants aged 10-21 (M = 16.5, SD = 2.3) with IBD and their caregivers were recruited. Informed consent, demographics and body satisfaction questionnaires were completed. PM was assessed …
Trajectories Of Pure And Co-Occurring Internalizing And Externalizing Problems From Age 2 To Age 12: Findings From The Nichd Study Of Early Child Care, Kostas Andrea Fanti
Trajectories Of Pure And Co-Occurring Internalizing And Externalizing Problems From Age 2 To Age 12: Findings From The Nichd Study Of Early Child Care, Kostas Andrea Fanti
Psychology Dissertations
According to previous research, internalizing and externalizing problems tend to be comorbid or co-occur at different ages in development (Angold, Costello, & Erkanli, 1999). The question that this dissertation addresses is how and why internalizing and externalizing problems, two disorders that represent separate forms of psychopathology, co-occur in children. This is an important question for the developmental psychopathology perspective because an appreciation of the concept of co-occurrence is essential for explaining the development and taxonomy of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and for understanding the etiology and course of these symptoms (Achenbach, 1990). Attempts to explain co-occurrence have proposed that co-occurring …
Hiv Infection, Negative Life Events, And Intimate Relationship Power: The Moderating Role Of Community Resources For Black South African Women, Bethany Ketchen
Hiv Infection, Negative Life Events, And Intimate Relationship Power: The Moderating Role Of Community Resources For Black South African Women, Bethany Ketchen
Psychology Dissertations
Background: Black South Africans were forced to live under the oppressive regime of apartheid for more than four decades. This system of government not only restricted the economic and educational opportunities for Blacks, but it also marginalized women by encouraging the preservation of a violent, patriarchal society. As a result of a long history of nationalized oppression, Black women in South Africa continue to be an economically and socially vulnerable group. Their vulnerability is translated into limited intimate relationship power, which confers a host of health and safety risks. Thus, the current study explored whether negative life events and/or HIV …
The Psychosocial Adjustment Of Black South African Children Of Hiv-Infected Mothers, Frances L. Palin
The Psychosocial Adjustment Of Black South African Children Of Hiv-Infected Mothers, Frances L. Palin
Psychology Dissertations
Research from the U.S. suggests that maternal HIV-infection negatively impacts children's psychosocial functioning and that resources (e.g., the parent-child relationship) positively influence their adjustment to maternal HIV-infection. Although HIV-infection in South Africa is most prevalent among Black South African women, there is limited research examining its impact on their children. In addition, as these children are exposed to numerous socio-cultural stressors beyond those associated with HIV-infection, they are at particular risk for psychosocial difficulties. This study had two aims: 1) to evaluate whether maternal HIV-infection confers risk for psychosocial difficulties (i.e., internalizing and externalizing behaviors) among Black South African children; …
Complex Trauma Exposure And Psychological Outcomes In Incarcerated Juvenile Offenders, Samuel Joseph Fasulo
Complex Trauma Exposure And Psychological Outcomes In Incarcerated Juvenile Offenders, Samuel Joseph Fasulo
Psychology Dissertations
This study examined the extent to which the lifetime traumatic and stressful experiences of incarcerated youths cluster in meaningful and understandable ways. It also evaluated the differential effects of various types of these events on a variety of psychosocial outcomes for this population. The sample consisted of 185 incarcerated male and female adolescents (ages 12-19). Confirmatory factor analysis results suggested that an empirically-derived model based on negative event type (i.e., Community Violence, Interpersonal trauma/stress, and Loss) better predicted how negative life events group together on the Adolescent Stress and Trauma Exposure Questionnaire -Version 2 (ASTEQ-2) than the model based on …