Psychology Commons^™

1. The Law And Psychology Of The Child Witness. (Review Of The Book Child Witnesses: Fragile Voices In The American Legal System, By L. S. Mcgough. ), Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

3. The Effect Of Threats On Children’S Disclosure Of Sexual Abuse., Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

2. Assessing Children's Competence To Take The Oath: Research And Recommendations., Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

Weighing Evidence In Sexual Abuse Evaluations: An Introduction To Bayes's Theorem, James M. Wood

James M. Wood

This article introduces readers to Bayes' theorem, a simple mathematical formula that can illuminate general issues and assist evaluators in the field of child sexual abuse. The theorem is applied to a case study of sexual abuse allegations that arose during a custody dispute.

Feminism For Men: Legal Ideology And The Construction Of Maleness, Nancy Levit

Nancy Levit

It may seem a little odd to suggest that feminist theory has overlooked men. Yet, in several important respects, apart from the role of culprit, men have been largely omitted from feminism. Feminist legal theorists have paid mild attention to the "Can men be feminists?" question but this issue is usually relegated to footnotes. The negative effect gender role stereotypes have on men is typically subsidiary to the main focus of feminist legal literature, which has concentrated on documenting the patterns of subordination of women and on questions of feminist ideology.

The primary purpose of this article is to suggest …

Student's T-Test And The Glasgow Coma Scale, Joseph Lucke

Joseph Lucke

Study Objective: To explore how Student's t test, which assumes normal errors, is affected by the nonnormal distribution of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores.

Methods: A sample of 145,295 GCS scores from the Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation was assumed to represent the true GCS distribution. Four Monte Carlo simulations, each based on 40,000 replications, were conducted to approximate the distribution of t values arising from samples drawn from the GCS distribution, using sample sizes of 10, 30, 60, and 100 per group.

Results: The histograms of t values derived from the GCS distribution resembled the corresponding Student t distributions for …

Improving The Clinical Practice Of Violence Risk Assessment: Technology, Guidelines And Training, Randy Borum

Randy Borum

No abstract provided.

Dopamine Overflow In The Nucleus Accumbens During Extinction And Reinstatement Of Cocaine Self-Administration Behavior, Laura O'Dell

Laura Elena O'Dell

No abstract provided.

Dose-Dependent Characterization Of The Rewarding And Stimulant Properties Of Cocaine Across Intraperitoneal And Intravenous Routes Of Administration, Laura O'Dell

Laura Elena O'Dell

No abstract provided.

How Do Children Tell: The Disclosure Process In Child Sexual Abuse, April Bradley, James M. Wood

James M. Wood

Children's disclosure of sexual abuse has been described as a quasi-developmental process that includes stages of denial, reluctance, disclosure, recantation, and reaffirmation (Sorenson & Snow, 1991, Summit, 1983). It has been reported that nearly 75% of sexual abuse victims initially deny abuse and that nearly 25% eventually recant their allegations (Sorenson & Snow, 1991). The present study examined disclosures in 234 sexual abuse cases validated by Protective Services in El Paso, Texas. Denial of abuse occurred in 6% of cases, and recantation in 4% of cases in which a child had already disclosed abuse. Four of the eight victims who …

Differential Effects Of Intra-Accumbens Sulpiride On Cocaine-Induced Locomotion And Conditioned Place Preference, Laura O'Dell

Laura Elena O'Dell

No abstract provided.

Behavioral Stress Modifies Hippocampal Plasticity Through N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Activation, Michael R. Foy

Michael R. Foy

Behavioral stress has detrimental effects on subsequent cognitive performance in many species, including humans. For example, humans exposed to stressful situations typically exhibit marked deficits in various learning and memory tasks. However, the underlying neural mechanisms by which stress exerts its effects on learning and memory are unknown. We now report that in adult male rats, stress (i.e., restraint plus tailshock) impairs long-term potentiation (LTP) but enhances long-term depression (LTD) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus, a structure implicated in learning and memory processes. These effects on LTP and LTD are prevented when the animals were given CGP39551 (the …

Factors Related To Earthquake Preparedness Among Child Care Professionals: Theory And Policy Implications, Ellen N. Junn, D. Guerin

Ellen N. Junn

With increasing numbers of children enrolled in child care, the safety of the child care environment and the preparedness of personnel to prevent injuries and fatalities in the event of natural disasters becomes an important public policy issue. In this study, earthquake preparedness and its correlates were examined in 25 child care centers located in a southern California community adjacent to the San Andreaas Fault. Extensive survey, interview, and on-site observational data were collected. Findings indicated a wide range of preparedness in child care centers. Half of the child care centers lacked basic essentials required to cope in the aftermath …

Higher-Order Associative Processing In Hermissenda Suggests Multiple Sites Of Neuronal Modulation., Ronald F. Rogers, Louis D. Matzel

Ronald F. Rogers

Two important features of modern accounts of associative learning are (1) the capacity for contextual stimuli to serve as a signal for an unconditioned stimulus (US) and (2) the capacity for a previously conditioned (excitatory) stimulus to "block" learning about a redundant stimulus when both stimuli serve as a signal for the same US. Here, we examined the process of blocking, thought by some to reflect a cognitive aspect of classical conditioning, and its underlying mechanisms in the marine mollusc Hermissenda. In two behavioral experiments, a context defined by chemosensory stimuli was made excitatory by presenting unsignalled USs (rotation) in …

Brain Activation Modulated By Sentence Comprehension, Marcel Adam Just, Patricia A. Carpenter, Timothy A. Keller, William F. Eddy, Keith R. Thulborn

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

Cults On Campus: Perspectives From The Literature., John D. Foubert

John D. Foubert

This article reviews research literature about college students who joins cults, how they are recruited, how they leave (or not), and different ideas for how college student administrators can handle this issue.

Effects Of Gender, Gender Role, And Individualized Trust On Self-Disclosure., John D. Foubert, Barbara Sholley

John D. Foubert

Effects of gender, gender role, and individualized trust on self disclosure was studied on 293 participants. An interaction between gender role and individualized trust revealed that the high self disclosure typical of androgynous individuals is restricted to those who are high trusting.

Overcoming Men's Defensiveness Toward Sexual Assault Programs: Learning To Help Survivors., John D. Foubert, Kenneth A. Marriott

John D. Foubert

A unique new approach to overcoming men's defensiveness toward sexual assault prevention programs is described. By appealing to audience members as potential helpers of women who survive rape as opposed to addressing them as potential rapists, programmatic goals can be achieved.

Attitudes To The Right: Evaluative Processing Is Associated With Lateralized Late Positive Event-Related Brain Potentials, John T. Cacioppo, Stephen L. Crites, Wendy L. Gardner

Stephen L Crites Jr.

The authors recently developed a paradigm to investigate the evaluative categorization stage of attitudes using event-related brain potentials (ERPs). The present series of 5 studies with a total of 118 Ss extended this approach by analyzing the spatial topography of the ERP over the lateral scalp region to address complementary questions regarding the nature of operations underlying the evaluative categorization stage of attitude processing. Consistent with the hypothesis that evaluative categorizations engage mechanisms associated with hedonic or global language processing, results revealed that the standardized amplitudes of the late positive potential of the ERP during evaluative categorization were larger over …

2. Medical Evidence Of Physical Abuse In Infants And Young Children., Thomas D. Lyon, Elizabeth E. Gilles, Lary Cory

Thomas D. Lyon

Electrocortical Differentiation Of Evaluative And Nonevaluative Categorizations, Stephen L. Crites, John T. Cacioppo

Stephen L Crites Jr.

The evaluative categorizations that underlie affective and attitudinal judgments have often been equated with nonevaluative categorizations despite the central importance of evaluative processes for survival. In the present experiment, a late positive potential (LPP) of the event-related brain potential elicited when participants evaluatively categorized food items as positive or nonpositive was compared with the LPP elicited when participants semantically (i.e., nonevaluatively) categorized food items as vegetable or nonvegetable. Results revealed that evaluative categorizations evoked an LPP that was relatively larger over the right than the left scalp regions compared with the LPP evoked by nonevaluative categorizations. This finding provides evidence …

Characteristics Of The Effective Therapist: Further Analyses Of The Nimh Tdcrp, Sidney J. Blatt, Charles A. Sanislow, David C. Zuroff, Paul A. Pilkonis

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Analyses of the data of the National Institute of Mental Health-sponsored Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program have primarily examined the effects of types of treatment and patient characteristics on outcome, but scant attention has been directed toward evaluating the contributions of the therapist. With an aggregate of residualized therapeutic change scores of the 5 primary outcome measures for each patient at termination as an overall measure of improvement, an average therapeutic effectiveness measure was derived for each of the 28 therapists based on the outcome of the patients they saw in active treatment. The distribution of the therapists was …