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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Think Again: The Role Of Reappraisal In Reducing Negative Valence Bias, Maital Neta, Nicholas R. Harp, Tien T. Tong, Claudia J. Clinchard, Catherine C. Brown, James J. Gross, Andero Uusberg
Think Again: The Role Of Reappraisal In Reducing Negative Valence Bias, Maital Neta, Nicholas R. Harp, Tien T. Tong, Claudia J. Clinchard, Catherine C. Brown, James J. Gross, Andero Uusberg
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Stimuli such as surprised faces are ambiguous in that they are associated with both positive and negative outcomes. Interestingly, people differ reliably in whether they evaluate these and other ambiguous stimuli as positive or negative, and we have argued that a positive evaluation relies in part on a biasing of the appraisal processes via reappraisal. To further test this idea, we conducted two studies to evaluate whether increasing the cognitive accessibility of reappraisal through a brief emotion regulation task would lead to an increase in positive evaluations of ambiguity. Supporting this prediction, we demonstrated that cuing reappraisal, but not in …
Political Identity Biases Americans’ Judgments Of Outgroup Emotion, Ruby Basyouni, Nicholas R. Harp, Ingrid J. Haas, Maital Neta
Political Identity Biases Americans’ Judgments Of Outgroup Emotion, Ruby Basyouni, Nicholas R. Harp, Ingrid J. Haas, Maital Neta
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Social group identity plays a central role in political polarization and inter-party conflict. Here, we use ambiguously valenced faces to measure bias in the processing of political ingroup and outgroup faces, while also accounting for interparty differences in judgments of emotion at baseline. Participants identifying as Democrats and Republicans judged happy, angry, and surprised faces as positive or negative. Whereas happy and angry faces convey positive and negative valence respectively, surprised faces are ambiguous in that they readily convey positive and negative valence. Thus, surprise is a useful tool for characterizing valence bias (i.e., the tendency to judge ambiguous stimuli …
Individual Differences In Valence Bias: Fmri Evidence Of The Initial Negativity Hypothesis, Nathan M. Petro, Tien T. Tong, Daniel J. Henley, Maital Neta
Individual Differences In Valence Bias: Fmri Evidence Of The Initial Negativity Hypothesis, Nathan M. Petro, Tien T. Tong, Daniel J. Henley, Maital Neta
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Facial expressions offer an ecologically valid model for examining individual differences in affective decision-making. They convey an emotional signal from a social agent and provide important predictive information about one’s environment (presence of potential rewards or threats). Although some expressions provide clear predictive information (angry, happy), others (surprised) are ambiguous in that they predict both positive and negative outcomes. Thus, surprised faces can delineate an individual’s valence bias, or the tendency to interpret ambiguity as positive or negative. Our initial negativity hypothesis suggests that the initial response to ambiguity is negative, and that positivity relies on emotion regulation. We tested …
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate, Medial Superior Frontal Cortex, And Anterior Insula Show Performance Reporting-Related Late Task Control Signals, Maital Neta, Steven M. Nelson, Steven E. Petersen
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate, Medial Superior Frontal Cortex, And Anterior Insula Show Performance Reporting-Related Late Task Control Signals, Maital Neta, Steven M. Nelson, Steven E. Petersen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The cingulo-opercular network (including the dorsal anterior cingulate and bilateral anterior insula) shows 3 distinct taskcontrol signals across a wide variety of tasks, including trial-related signals that appear to come online at or near the end of the trial. Previous work suggests that there are separable responses in this network for errors and ambiguity, implicating multiple types of processing units within these regions. Using a unique paradigm, we directly show that these separable responses withhold activity to the end of the trial, in the service of reporting performance back into the task set. Participants performed a slow reveal task where …
Are We Certain About Which Measure Of Intolerance Of Uncertainty To Use Yet?, Vincenzo G. Roma, Debra A. Hope
Are We Certain About Which Measure Of Intolerance Of Uncertainty To Use Yet?, Vincenzo G. Roma, Debra A. Hope
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) has been understood as a dispositional tendency to view the presence of negative events as unacceptable and threatening, regardless of the likelihood of those events occurring. The preference over the 12-item vs. 27-item of the IUS has been central to debate. The goals of the present study were to evaluate two competing models of measuring IU with model-fitting analyses and explore model invariance of gender (e.g., men vs. women). A sample of 980 individuals completed an online IUS survey. Results indicated that the two-factor short-form model provided better fit to the data compared to the full-length …
Serotonin Transporter (5-Httlpr) Genotype And Childhood Trauma Are Associated With Individual Differences In Decision Making, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Melissa K. Lehmann, Cynthia Anderson, Parthasarathi Nag, Cheryl Anagnopoulos
Serotonin Transporter (5-Httlpr) Genotype And Childhood Trauma Are Associated With Individual Differences In Decision Making, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Melissa K. Lehmann, Cynthia Anderson, Parthasarathi Nag, Cheryl Anagnopoulos
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The factors that influence individual differences in decision making are not yet fully characterized, but convergent evidence is accumulating that implicates serotonin (5-HT) system function. Therefore, both genes and environments that influence serotonin function are good candidates for association with risky decision making. In the present study we examined associations between common polymorph isms in the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4; 5-HTTLPR and rs25531)' the experience of childhood trauma and decision making on the Iowa gambling task (IGT) in 391 (64.5% female) healthy Caucasian adults. Homozygosity for the 5-HTTLPR L allele was associated with riskier decision making in the first block …