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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Evaluating The Latent Variable Structure Of Episodic Long-Term Memory Abilities, Kyle Featherston
Evaluating The Latent Variable Structure Of Episodic Long-Term Memory Abilities, Kyle Featherston
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
I investigated how recall and recognition differ depending on the nature of the memory items and what one is asked to remember about them. Participants were asked to remember lists of various types of verbal items, including words, nonwords, common first names, and the names of common objects in pictures that they viewed, or to remember the contextual information that accompanied those items, including their size, location, color, or font. Immediately following presentation of each list, free recall or recognition tests for items or context were administered. It has been proposed that memory for context, or source memory, differs from …
Through The Ear, To The Brain: How Cognitive Aging Impacts Veridical And False Hearing In The Presence Of Misleading Context, Eric Failes
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A consistent finding in the literature (Benichov, Cox, Tun, & Wingfield, 2012; Dubno, Ahlstrom, & Horwitz, 2000; Hutchinson, 1989; Nittrouer & Boothroyd, 1990; Pichora-Fuller, Schneider & Daneman, 1995; Rogers, Jacoby, & Sommers, 2012; Sommers & Danielson, 1999; Wingfield, Aberdeen, & Stine, 1991) is that spoken word identification improves for both older and younger adults following the addition of a meaningful semantic context, but the improvements are typically greater for older adults. However, more recent findings (Jacoby, Rogers, Bishara, & Shimizu, 2012; Rogers, Jacoby, & Sommers, 2012) suggest that, especially under less favorable perceptual conditions, the increased benefits of semantic context …
Exploring The Underlying Mechanisms Of Structure Building, Reshma Gouravajhala
Exploring The Underlying Mechanisms Of Structure Building, Reshma Gouravajhala
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Structure building, the ability to build a coherent mental model of any narrative, requires the identification and integration of important parts of that narrative, as well as the suppression of irrelevant details. Critically, while individual differences in structure building have been shown to have important consequences in the classroom, little has been concluded about underlying deficits and causal mechanisms of low structure building ability. In the present study, we tested the theory that an impaired ability to suppress unimportant details is low structure builders’ sole deficit (Gernsbacher, 1990). We presented participants with educationally authentic text materials that offered varying degrees …
Approaching Individual Differences Questions In Cognitive Control: A Case Study Of The Ax-Cpt, Shelly Cooper
Approaching Individual Differences Questions In Cognitive Control: A Case Study Of The Ax-Cpt, Shelly Cooper
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Investigating individual differences in cognition requires addressing questions not often thought about in standard experimental designs, especially those regarding the psychometrics of a task. The purpose of the present study is to use the AX-CPT cognitive control task as a representative case study example to address four concerns that may impact the ability to answer questions related to individual differences. First, the importance of a task's true score variance for evaluating potential failures to replicate predicted individual differences effects is demonstrated. Second, evidence is provided that Internet-based studies (e.g., MTurk) can exhibit comparable, or even higher true score variance than …
Knowing More Than We Can Tell: People Are Aware Of Their Biased Self-Perceptions, Kathryn Leigh Bollich
Knowing More Than We Can Tell: People Are Aware Of Their Biased Self-Perceptions, Kathryn Leigh Bollich
All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
There is no question that biases exist in people’s self-perceptions of their personality. However, it is not known whether people are aware of these self-biases. In two studies: N = 130), I examined whether people have insight into their positive and negative self-biases across a range of traits. I predicted that self-biases result from self-deception: i.e., the intentional distortion of more realistic self-views), and as such, people should have some awareness of their self-biases. As predicted, people with positive biases: i.e., self-perceptions that are more positive than a reputation-based criterion measure) described themselves as positively biased, and people with overly …