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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Female Mating Adaptations: Salient Features And The Influence Of Fertility Status, Katherine Melton
Female Mating Adaptations: Salient Features And The Influence Of Fertility Status, Katherine Melton
Modern Psychological Studies
Modern human beings share the adaptive mating strategies of their ancestral predecessors, even though the adaptive environment is a relic of the past. Due to the large parental investment mammalian females must contribute in order to reproduce, women face unique challenges in their quest for reproductive fitness. This review endeavors to address behavioral, strategic, and perceptual shifts in female mating adaptations within the context of the menstrual cycle in order to yield a greater understanding of modern women and the evolutionary basis for behavior.
Recovery Is Developmental: An Exploration Of Eriksonian Psychosocial Theory Adapted To Eating Disorder Recovery, Ashley Fee
Modern Psychological Studies
This qualitative study investigated women's experiences of recovery from an eating disorder using an adaptation of Erikson's stage theory of recovery from mental illness. Five female participants, ages 20-40 years old and who identified as having an eating disorder and going through some form of treatment, were interviewed regarding their development, experience, and recovery from an eating disorder after completing the EAT-26 survey. Participants' responses were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding. Three influences within the recovery process emerged through the analysis: personal (self), transitional, and interpersonal (social). The analysis suggests that an adaptation of Erikson 's developmental theory …
Bullying: Bullies, Victims, And Witnesses, Loyd White, Frank Hammonds, Karena T. Valkyrie
Bullying: Bullies, Victims, And Witnesses, Loyd White, Frank Hammonds, Karena T. Valkyrie
Modern Psychological Studies
This study examines bullying by focusing on bullies, victims, and witnesses. In an effort to examine long-term correlates of bullying, we asked university students about their experiences with bullying in middle school. We administered a 65 question survey to 191 college students from several university campuses. The survey was made up of the Handling Bullying Questionnaire (Bauman, Rigby & Hoppa, 2008), the Bullying Prevalence Questionnaire (Rigby & Slee, 2003), the Revised Pro-Victim Scale (Rigby, 1997), and 13 researcher created questions which dealt with the participants' experiences with bullying. We hypothesized that rates of bullying would be high and that the …
Shared Neural Circuits: The Connection Between Social And Physical Pain, Laura A. Andrews, Theresa E. Didonato
Shared Neural Circuits: The Connection Between Social And Physical Pain, Laura A. Andrews, Theresa E. Didonato
Modern Psychological Studies
Interpersonal rejection, exclusion, and loss are known to produce painful feelings (Eisenberger, Lieberman, & Williams, 2003), but little is know about the neural network underlying this type of pain. Recent evidence suggests this social pain may have important neural connections with physical pain (Eisenberger et al., 2003). The current literature review explores the connection between social pain and physical pain in neural activity, individual differences (e.g., pain sensitivity), situation appraisal, social support, and pain reducers (e.g., acetaminophen). The review examines the overlapping pain system as an evolutionary adaptation necessary for survival (MacDonald & Leary, 2005). Authentic experiences of social rejection …
Physiological Arousal Response To Differing Musical Genres, Ericka Kelley, Gabrielle Andrick, Fayelin Benzenbower, Marlene Devia
Physiological Arousal Response To Differing Musical Genres, Ericka Kelley, Gabrielle Andrick, Fayelin Benzenbower, Marlene Devia
Modern Psychological Studies
Music is a complex medium that has social, psychological, and physiological implications. Music elicits early emotional responses (arousal) in the sympathetic nervous system, that later become consciously recognized emotions. We investigated how music genre effects physiological arousal by measuring participant skin conductance level (SCL). Physiological responses of 19 participants (3 male, mean age 23 years) were recorded by way of the iWorx 214 Psychophysiology Teaching Kit. The stimuli were four different genres of music: classical, Dubstep, Celtic, and big band (swing). Stimuli were presented to participants in one of four counterbalanced blocks. Participants' highest SCL matched their reported genre preference …
The Measurement Of Attitudes Toward Abortion, Michael G. Taylor, George I. Whitehead
The Measurement Of Attitudes Toward Abortion, Michael G. Taylor, George I. Whitehead
Modern Psychological Studies
Attitudes towards abortion have been a focal point within politics and religion for many years. Many methods have been created to test these attitudes. For example, Hess and Rueb created a 13-item scale and demonstrated its validity. However, this scale has several potential shortcomings. The developers did not report the reliability of the scale and its factor structure. Further, this scale includes a neutral point and legal language. One of the purposes of the present study was to develop a 12-item scale to address these issues. The present study compares and contrasts these two scales. Psychology student's participated in this …
Terror Management Theory: A Theoretical Perspective On Orgination, Maintenance, And Research, Robert B. Arrowood, J. Brian Pope
Terror Management Theory: A Theoretical Perspective On Orgination, Maintenance, And Research, Robert B. Arrowood, J. Brian Pope
Modern Psychological Studies
Research suggests that humans engage in several worldview defense mechanisms to shield against the terror associated with an awareness of mortality (Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986). To mitigate anxiety, people strongly adhere to their cultural worldviews that allow them to boost their self-esteem. This self-esteem fosters a sense of immortality because the world is considered a 'just" place that will not harm someone that is living in adherence to cultural guidelines (Rosenblatt, Greenberg, Solomon, Pyszczynski, & Lyon, 1989). This paper provides a theoretical background for Terror Management Theory including its philosophical origination, the primary tenets of the theory, and the …
Effects Of Disability Exposure On Implicit Association Test Scores, Jordyn R. Moon
Effects Of Disability Exposure On Implicit Association Test Scores, Jordyn R. Moon
Modern Psychological Studies
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exposure to counter-stereotypical information about physical disabilities on implicit attitudes. Ten undergraduate students completed a mental imagery task relating to physical disabilities while the other ten students were given a filler task prior to the measurement of their implicit and explicit attitudes using an Implicit Association Task (IAT). It was hypothesized that both groups would have equally negative implicit attitudes. However, results revealed that the implicit attitudes of participants who completed the counter-stereotypical task showed significantly more negative implicit attitudes than the no imagery group whose attitudes were also …
The Relationship Of Religiosity To Psychopathy: The Predictive Ability Of Religious Orientation For Stress And Depression In College Undergraduates, Robert B. Arrowood, J. Brian Pope, Thomas Harlow
The Relationship Of Religiosity To Psychopathy: The Predictive Ability Of Religious Orientation For Stress And Depression In College Undergraduates, Robert B. Arrowood, J. Brian Pope, Thomas Harlow
Modern Psychological Studies
Evidence supports that different levels of religiosity are related to mental health outcomes. This study examines the relationship between religiosity and measures of psychological maladjustment. The current study compared participants' scores on several measures of religiosity with scores on Locus of Control, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Obsessive-Compulsive tendencies. Multiple regressions analyses were conducted suggesting that Indiscriminate Proreligiousness, a measure of overall religiosity, was found to be negatively correlated with stress. Highly religious people were found to have more of an intrinsic religious orientation than either extrinsic or quest orientation.
A Review Of The Models Of Schizophrenia: And A Putative Novel, More Unified Model, Michael Vogel Bronstein
A Review Of The Models Of Schizophrenia: And A Putative Novel, More Unified Model, Michael Vogel Bronstein
Modern Psychological Studies
Schizophrenia is a debilitating disease state which causes immense pain to sufferers and to their families. Although some proximate causes of symptoms of the disease have been identified, no ultimate cause has been uncovered which can explain all of the symptoms. This paper presents a novel theory of the ultimate cause of some forms of chronic schizophrenia with the potential to explain many (if not all) symptomologies associated with the disease. In addition to its explanatory power, this putative model may also give rise to new early diagnostic tools and treatments for schizophrenia. After the model is fully explained, suggestions …
Who Trusts Twitter? Openness To Ideas As A Predictor Of Trust And Interest In News Of An International Disaster Presented In Twitter And Traditional On-Line Journalism Formats, Emily J. Dunn, Greg Feldman, Alandra Klove, Christine Lowery, Kelly Pelham
Who Trusts Twitter? Openness To Ideas As A Predictor Of Trust And Interest In News Of An International Disaster Presented In Twitter And Traditional On-Line Journalism Formats, Emily J. Dunn, Greg Feldman, Alandra Klove, Christine Lowery, Kelly Pelham
Modern Psychological Studies
Twitter is an increasingly utilized tool for communication during major events including natural disasters; however, there is little research investigating this topic and how individual differences might predict reactions to information in this medium. The current study seeks to understand how the personality trait of openness to ideas predicts perceptions of a Twitter source's trustworthiness and interest relative to a journalistic source. Participants were randomly assigned to read a simulated account of a flood presented either as a Twitter account or a journalistic account and then rated perceptions of the sources. Results indicate that Twitter is trusted less than a …
The Relationship Between Sensation Seeking, Psychopathy, And Deception, Ashley D. Dickey
The Relationship Between Sensation Seeking, Psychopathy, And Deception, Ashley D. Dickey
Modern Psychological Studies
Psychopathy has many implications for society at large. These individuals are likely to commit violent crimes, manifest other antisocial behavior, and make up a large portion of the prison population. This study aims to establish a relationship between sensation seeking, psychopathy, and deception. A sample of 100 undergraduate students enrolled in psychology courses in a southern university completed three questionnaires assessing their level of sensation seeking (SSS-V), deception (MACH-IV), and psychopathy (TriPM). Each of the three distinct phenotypic constructs measured by the TriPM were also correlated with total SSS-V and MACH-IV scores. Pearson and Spearman correlations revealed significant relationships between …