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Presynaptic Control Of Rapid Estrogen Fluctuations In The Songbird Auditory Forebrain, Luke Remage_Healey, S. Dong, N. T. Maidment, B. A. Schlinger
Presynaptic Control Of Rapid Estrogen Fluctuations In The Songbird Auditory Forebrain, Luke Remage_Healey, S. Dong, N. T. Maidment, B. A. Schlinger
Luke Remage-Healey
Within the CNS of vertebrates, estrogens can directly modulate neural circuits that govern a wide range of behaviors, including feeding, spatial navigation, reproduction, and auditory processing. The rapid actions of estrogens in brain (seconds to minutes) have become well established, but it is unclear how estrogens are synthesized and released within restricted temporal and spatial domains in neural circuits. Anatomical localization of the estrogen synthesis enzyme (aromatase) within presynaptic terminals suggests that neuroestrogens can be synthesized directly at the neuronal synapse. A consequent prediction follows that synaptic estrogen production is controlled via classical electrochemical events in neurons. Here, we present …
Manipulations Of Listeners’ Echo Perception Are Reflected In Event-Related Potentials, Lisa Sanders, Benjamin H. Zobel, Richard L. Freyman, Rachel Keen
Manipulations Of Listeners’ Echo Perception Are Reflected In Event-Related Potentials, Lisa Sanders, Benjamin H. Zobel, Richard L. Freyman, Rachel Keen
Lisa Sanders
To gain information from complex auditory scenes, it is necessary to determine which of the many loudness, pitch, and timbre changes originate from a single source. Grouping sound into sources based on spatial information is complicated by reverberant energy bouncing off multiple surfaces and reaching the ears from directions other than the source’s location. The ability to localize sounds despite these echoes has been explored with the precedence effect: Identical sounds presented from two locations with a short stimulus onset asynchrony (e.g., 1–5 ms) are perceived as a single source with a location dominated by the lead sound. Importantly, echo …