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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Can Law And Economics Be Both Practical And Principled?, David A. Hoffman, Michael P. O'Shea
Can Law And Economics Be Both Practical And Principled?, David A. Hoffman, Michael P. O'Shea
David A Hoffman
This article describes important recent developments in normative law and economics, and the difficulties they create for the project of efficiency-based legal reform. After long proceeding without a well articulated moral justification for using economic decision procedures to choose legal rules, scholars have lately begun to devote serious attention to developing a philosophically attractive definition of well-being. At the same time, the empirical side of law and economics is also being enriched with an improved understanding of the complexities of individuals' decision-making behavior. That is where the problems begin. Scholars may have better, more plausible conceptions of well-being in hand, …
Multidimensional Properties Of The Lot-R: Effects Of Optimism And Pessimism On Career And Well-Being Related Variables In Adolescents, Peter A. Creed, Wendy Patton, Dee Bartrum
Multidimensional Properties Of The Lot-R: Effects Of Optimism And Pessimism On Career And Well-Being Related Variables In Adolescents, Peter A. Creed, Wendy Patton, Dee Bartrum
Dee Bartrum
The Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), measures of career maturity, career decision-making, career goals, and well-being were administered to 504 high school students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated bidimensionality rather than unidimensionality for the LOT-R, with the two factors of optimism and pessimism being largely unrelated. Those with high optimism reported high levels of career planning and exploration, were more confident about their career decisions, and had more career related goals. Those with high pessimism reported low levels of career and decision-making knowledge, were more career indecisive, and reported low levels of school achievement. For well-being, those with high levels …
Eurcentrism And The Role Of The Human Sciences In The Dialogue Among Civilization, Syed Farid Alatas
Eurcentrism And The Role Of The Human Sciences In The Dialogue Among Civilization, Syed Farid Alatas
farid alatas
In public discourse and formal education, human sciences need to facilitate the dialogue among civilizations to inculcate an attitude founded on appreciation, understanding, interest, and compassion for the cultures and worldviews of the other. All belief sys- tems are corruptible and can be perverted, and there are specific social and historical conditions that result in these perversions. Human sciences must go beyond merely correcting the fallacies and distortions of public discourse. They must attack the root of the problem, which is the problem of Eurocentrism in social science education that ulti- mately informs public discourse. The problem has to be …
Response Decision Processes And Externalizing Behavior Problems In Adolescents, Reid Griffith Fontaine, Virginia Salzer Burks, Kenneth A. Dodge
Response Decision Processes And Externalizing Behavior Problems In Adolescents, Reid Griffith Fontaine, Virginia Salzer Burks, Kenneth A. Dodge
Reid G. Fontaine
Externalizing behavior problems of 124 adolescents were assessed across Grades 7–11. In Grade 9, participants were also assessed across social-cognitive domains after imagining themselves as the object of provocations portrayed in six videotaped vignettes. Participants responded to vignette-based questions representing multiple processes of the response decision step of social information processing. Phase 1 of our investigation supported a two-factor model of the response evaluation process of response decision (response valuation and outcome expectancy). Phase 2 showed significant relations between the set of these response decision processes, as well as response selection, measured in Grade 9 and (a) externalizing behavior in …
The Interactive Effects Of Conscientiousness And Agreeableness On Job Performance
The Interactive Effects Of Conscientiousness And Agreeableness On Job Performance
L. A. Witt
No abstract provided.
The Interactive Effects Of Extroversion And Conscientiousness On Job Performance
The Interactive Effects Of Extroversion And Conscientiousness On Job Performance
L. A. Witt
No abstract provided.
Theorizing The Connections Among Systems Of Subordination, Nancy Levit
Theorizing The Connections Among Systems Of Subordination, Nancy Levit
Nancy Levit
Theorizing the Connections Among Systems of Subordination introduces a symposium that addresses issues on the leading edge of identity theory, race theory, and critical social theory. It explains the concepts of anti-essentialism, intersectionality, multiple consciousness, multi-dimensionality, and post-intersectionality. It investigates the ways specific types of oppression - such as racism, sexism, classism, and homophobia - support and feed off of one another. It explores the dynamics of subordination that make different forms of subordination connected to each other - the mechanisms by which subordinating systems buttress each other. Where one sees sexism, one frequently can find racism; where classism exists, …
Context Dependent Memory: The Role Of Environmental Cues, Mitchell M. Metzger
Context Dependent Memory: The Role Of Environmental Cues, Mitchell M. Metzger
Mitchell Metzger, PhD
No abstract provided.
Athletes' Use Of Imagery In The Off-Season, Jennifer Cumming, Craig Hall
Athletes' Use Of Imagery In The Off-Season, Jennifer Cumming, Craig Hall
Jennifer Cumming
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of competitive level on an athletes’ use of imagery in the off-season, and to examine whether their use of imagery was related to their physical and technical preparation. Three hundred and twenty-four regional, provincial, and national level athletes were recruited to participate in this study from 10 different sports. Participants were asked to complete a modified version of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ; Hall, Mack, Paivio, & Hausenblas, 1998) that was designed to reflect an athletes’ use of imagery in the off-season. MANOVAs indicated that competitive level differences existed in …
Gender, Ethnicity And Depression: Intersectionality In Mental Health Research With African American Women, Kira Hudson Banks, Laura P. Kohn-Wood
Gender, Ethnicity And Depression: Intersectionality In Mental Health Research With African American Women, Kira Hudson Banks, Laura P. Kohn-Wood
Kira Hudson Banks, Ph.D.
This review synthesizes the current knowledge regarding African American women and depression. After highlighting major findings related to the epidemiology, etiology, symptomatology and treatment, we will discuss the gaps in our understanding of these factors specific to African American women. We will argue that filling in these gaps will require a theoretical framework that takes into account the intersection of race and gender. We will present an empirically defined heuristic for studying mental illness among African American women, in terms of both experiences and outcomes.
The Effects Of Group Membership On The Avoidance Of Negative Outcomes: Implications For Social And Consumer Decisions, Donnel A. Briley, Robert S. Wyer
The Effects Of Group Membership On The Avoidance Of Negative Outcomes: Implications For Social And Consumer Decisions, Donnel A. Briley, Robert S. Wyer
Donnel A Briley
Calling consumers’ attention to their cultural identity can make them aware of their membership in a group and, therefore, can induce a group mind-set. This mindset, in turn, leads them to make decisions that minimize the risk of negative outcomes to both themselves and others. The effects of this mind-set generalize over both group and individual choice situations. These possibilities were confirmed in a series of six experiments. Results showed that making people feel part of an ad hoc group increased not only their use of equality as a basis for allocating resources to themselves and others, but also their …
Ethological Causes And Consequences Of The Stress Response, Neil Greenberg, James A. Carr, Cliff H. Summers
Ethological Causes And Consequences Of The Stress Response, Neil Greenberg, James A. Carr, Cliff H. Summers
Neil Greenberg
Stress involves real or perceived changes within an organism or in the environment that activate an organism’s attempts to cope by means of evolutionarily ancient neural and endocrine mechanisms. Responses to acute stressors involve catecholamines released in varying proportion at different sites in the sympathetic and central nervous systems. These responses may interact with and be complemented by intrinsic rhythms and responses to chronic or intermittent stressors involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Varying patterns of responses to stressors are also affected by an animal=s assessment of their prospects for successful coping. Subsequent central and systemic consequences of the stress response include …
Ethological Aspects Of Stress In A Model Lizard, Anolis Carolinensis, Neil Greenberg
Ethological Aspects Of Stress In A Model Lizard, Anolis Carolinensis, Neil Greenberg
Neil Greenberg
Research on the stress response in reptiles can provide a useful comparative perspective for understanding how the constituent elements of the response can be put into service of diverse behavioral adaptations. A summary of the neural and endocrine causes and consequences of specific behavioral patterns seen in the small diurnal lizard, Anolis carolinensis, has provided a model for the exploration of the dynamics of autonomic and neurohormonal contributions to adaptive behavior. In this species, changes in body color provide indices of the flux of circulating stress relevant hormones, and are seen in situations from spontaneous exploration through agonistic behavior. Furthermore, …
Adaptive Functions Of The Corpus Striatum: The Past And Future Of The R-Complex, Neil Greenberg
Adaptive Functions Of The Corpus Striatum: The Past And Future Of The R-Complex, Neil Greenberg
Neil Greenberg
The basal ganglia is emerging from the shadow cast by the most conspicuous clinical expression of its dysfunction: motor disorders.What is revealed is the nexus of a widely distributed system which functions in integrating action with cognition, motivation, and affect. Prominent among non-motor functions are striatal involvement in building up of sequences of behavior into meaningful, goal-directed patterns and repertoires and the selection of appropriate learned or innate sequences in concert with their possible predictive control. Further, striatum seems involved in declarative and strategic memory (involving intentional recollection and the management of retrieved memories, respectively). Findings from reptile experiments indicate …