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- Cooperation (3)
- Acceptance; Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; believability; cognitive defusion; emotional discomfort; mindfulness; self-referential thoughts; thought distraction (2)
- Capuchin monkey (2)
- Cognition (2)
- Inequity (2)
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- Prosocial behavior (2)
- Abstract reasoning (1)
- Adolescent (1)
- Adult Literacy (1)
- Anxiety (1)
- Behavior changes (1)
- Behavioral skills (1)
- Bipolar disorder (1)
- Categorization (1)
- Cebus apella (1)
- Cheating (1)
- Child language acquisition (1)
- Children (1)
- Chimpanzee (1)
- Chronic Pain (1)
- Comparative approach (1)
- Deception (1)
- Disability (1)
- Disordered eating-related cognition; psychological distress (1)
- Disordered eating-related cognitions; psychological distress (1)
- Early adulthood (1)
- Evolutionary biology (1)
- Expectation (1)
- Experiential avoidance (1)
- Game theory (1)
Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
The Impact Of Adolescent Chronic Pain On Functioning: Disentangling The Complex Role Of Anxiety, Lindsey L. Cohen, Kevin E. Vowles, Christopher Eccleston
The Impact Of Adolescent Chronic Pain On Functioning: Disentangling The Complex Role Of Anxiety, Lindsey L. Cohen, Kevin E. Vowles, Christopher Eccleston
Psychology Faculty Publications
A number of adolescents with chronic pain have clinically significant disability across physical, social, and academic activities, and pain severity only explains a portion of the variance in functioning. Thus, it is important to identify therapeutic options to improve adolescents’ functioning. In contrast to studies with adults with chronic pain, research in pediatric pain has not consistently found anxiety to be a good predictor of pain-related disability. The present study evaluated pain, anxiety, and functioning in 222 adolescents with chronic pain. Results indicated that pain was consistently and linearly related to disability across measures of physical and social functioning, school …
Changes In Genetic And Environmental Influences On The Development Of Nicotine Dependence And Major Depressive Disorder From Middle Adolescence To Early Adulthood, Erin Tully, William G. Iacono, Matt Mcgue
Changes In Genetic And Environmental Influences On The Development Of Nicotine Dependence And Major Depressive Disorder From Middle Adolescence To Early Adulthood, Erin Tully, William G. Iacono, Matt Mcgue
Psychology Faculty Publications
This longitudinal study used a representative community sample of same-sex twins (485 monozygotic pairs, 271 dizygotic pairs) to study longitudinal changes in genetic and environmental influences on nicotine dependence (NicD) symptoms and major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms and the longitudinal relationships between NicD and MDD symptoms at three relatively discrete ages spanning middle adolescence to early adulthood (ages 15, 18, and 21). Clinical interviews were used to assess NicD and MDD symptoms lifetime at age 15 and during the previous 3 years at the two subsequent assessments. Biometric models revealed similar patterns of findings for NicD and MDD. Heritability increased …
Mechanisms Underlying The Response To Inequitable Outcomes In Chimpanzees, Pan Troglodytes, Sarah F. Brosnan, Catherine Talbot, Megan Ahlgren, Susan P. Lambeth, Steven J. Schapiro
Mechanisms Underlying The Response To Inequitable Outcomes In Chimpanzees, Pan Troglodytes, Sarah F. Brosnan, Catherine Talbot, Megan Ahlgren, Susan P. Lambeth, Steven J. Schapiro
Psychology Faculty Publications
Several species of non-human primates respond negatively to inequitable outcomes, a trait shared with humans. Despite previous research, questions regarding the response to inequity remain. In this study, we replicated the methodology from previous studies to address four questions related to inequity. First, we explored the impact of basic social factors. Second, we addressed whether negative responses to inequity require a task, or exist when rewards are given for ‘free’. Third, we addressed whether differences in the experimental procedure or the level of effort required to obtain a reward affected responses. Finally, we explored the interaction between ‘individual’ expectations (based …
Behavioral Development: Timing Is Everything, Sarah F. Brosnan
Behavioral Development: Timing Is Everything, Sarah F. Brosnan
Psychology Faculty Publications
Paedomorphism can be a mechanism for differentiation between species. Here the authors demonstrate that bonobos take longer to reach adult levels of two behaviors than do chimpanzees, providing an empirical demonstration of this hypothesis among our closest relatives.
Competing Demands Of Prosociality & Equity In Monkeys, Sarah F. Brosnan, Daniel Houser, Kristin Leimgruber, Erte Xiao, Tianwen Chen, Frans B.M. De Waal
Competing Demands Of Prosociality & Equity In Monkeys, Sarah F. Brosnan, Daniel Houser, Kristin Leimgruber, Erte Xiao, Tianwen Chen, Frans B.M. De Waal
Psychology Faculty Publications
Prosocial decisions may lead to unequal payoffs among group members. Although an aversion to inequity has been found in empirical studies of both human and nonhuman primates, the contexts previously studied typically do not involve a trade-off between pro-sociality and inequity. Here we investigate the apparent co-existence of these two factors, specifically the competing demands of prosociality and equity. We directly compare the responses of brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) among situations where pro-social preferences conflict with equality, using a paradigm comparable to other studies of cooperation and inequity in this species. By choosing to pull a tray towards themselves, …
The Interplay Of Cognition And Cooperation, Sarah F. Brosnan, Lucie Salwiczek, Redouan Bshary
The Interplay Of Cognition And Cooperation, Sarah F. Brosnan, Lucie Salwiczek, Redouan Bshary
Psychology Faculty Publications
Cooperation often involves behaviours that reduce immediate payoffs for actors. Delayed benefits have often been argued to pose problems for the evolution of cooperation as learning such contingencies may be difficult as partners may cheat in return. Therefore, the ability to achieve stable cooperation has often been linked to a species’ cognitive abilities, which is in turn linked to the evolution of increasingly complex central nervous systems. However, in their famous 1981 paper, Axelrod & Hamilton stated that in principle even bacteria could play a tit for tat strategy in an iterated prisoner’s dilemma. While to our knowledge this has …
What Do Capuchin Monkeys Tell Us About Cooperation?, Sarah F. Brosnan
What Do Capuchin Monkeys Tell Us About Cooperation?, Sarah F. Brosnan
Psychology Faculty Publications
Nature may be red in tooth and claw, but working together with one’s group mates can be an efficient way to increase fitness. Cooperation is common, for example, among capuchin monkeys. These monkeys are not only willing to help others obtain resources, but are more likely to share with individuals who help them. Cooperation can be risky, however, and not surprisingly capuchins are much less likely to cooperate when a partner is able to monopolize the reward. However, they also pay attention to the partner’s behavior; monkeys who share with their partners promote successful cooperation, and thus actually receive more …
Sex Differences In Language First Appear In Gesture, Seyda Özçalışkan, Susan Goldin-Meadow
Sex Differences In Language First Appear In Gesture, Seyda Özçalışkan, Susan Goldin-Meadow
Psychology Faculty Publications
Children differ in how quickly they reach linguistic milestones. Boys typically produce their first multi-word sentences later than girls do. We ask here whether there are sex differences in children’s gestures that precede, and presage, these sex differences in speech. To explore this question, we observed 22 girls and 18 boys every 4 months as they progressed from one-word speech to multi-word speech. We found that boys not only produced speech + speech (S+S) combinations (‘drink juice’) 3 months later than girls, but they also produced gesture + speech (G+S) combinations expressing the same types of semantic relations (‘eat’ + …
Social Cognition And Cognitive Flexibility In Bipolar Disorder, Erin Tone
Social Cognition And Cognitive Flexibility In Bipolar Disorder, Erin Tone
Psychology Faculty Publications
Considerable evidence indicates that acquisition and implementation of an array of social cognitive and behavioral skills are disrupted in the context of this psychiatric illness. Furthermore, numerous studies link the social deficits evident in bipolar disorder (BD) with atypical development in brain regions implicated in social and emotional processing. Elucidating the social disruptions evident across the life span in individuals with BD, how these disruptions relate to specific behavioral deficits or endophenotypes, and their underlying neural mechanisms may help inform our understanding not only of psychopathological processes but also of typical social development at the behavioral and neural levels. Additionally, …
Introduction To Cooperation & Deception: From Evolution To Mechanisms, Sarah F. Brosnan, Redouan Bshary
Introduction To Cooperation & Deception: From Evolution To Mechanisms, Sarah F. Brosnan, Redouan Bshary
Psychology Faculty Publications
Nature is full of struggle, as predicted by the theory of evolution through natural selection, yet there are also paramount examples where individuals help each other. These instances of helping have been difficult to reconcile with Darwin’s theory because it is not always obvious how individuals are working for their own direct benefit. Consequently, initial publications that offered solutions to subsets of the observed cases of helping, such as kin selection (Hamilton, 1964) or reciprocity (Axelrod & Hamilton, 1981; Trivers, 1971), are among the most influential and most cited papers in evolution / behavioural ecology. Despite these initial successes, models …
The Effects Of Cognitive Defusion And Thought Distraction On Emotional Discomfort And Believability Of Negative Self-Referential Thoughts, Akihiko Masuda, M. P. Twohig, A. R. Stormo, A B. Feinstein, Y. Chou, J. W. Wendell
The Effects Of Cognitive Defusion And Thought Distraction On Emotional Discomfort And Believability Of Negative Self-Referential Thoughts, Akihiko Masuda, M. P. Twohig, A. R. Stormo, A B. Feinstein, Y. Chou, J. W. Wendell
Psychology Faculty Publications
Previous research has shown that rapid vocal repetition of a one-word version of negative self-referential thought reduces the stimulus functions (e.g., emotional discomfort and believability) associated with that thought. The present study compares the effects of that defusion strategy with thought distraction and distraction-based experimental control tasks on a negative self-referential thought. Non-clinical undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of three protocols. The cognitive defusion condition reduced the emotional discomfort and believability of negative self-referential thoughts significantly greater than comparison conditions. Favorable results were also found for the defusion technique with participants with elevated depressive symptoms.
Mindfulness Mediates The Relation Between Disordered Eating-Related Cognitions And Psychological Distress, Akihiko Masuda, J. W. Wendell
Mindfulness Mediates The Relation Between Disordered Eating-Related Cognitions And Psychological Distress, Akihiko Masuda, J. W. Wendell
Psychology Faculty Publications
The present study investigated whether mindfulness mediates the relation between disordered eating-related cognitions and negative psychological outcomes within a non-clinical college sample. Disordered eating-related cognitions were positively associated with general psychological ill-health and emotional distress in interpersonal contexts and inversely related to mindfulness. Mindfulness, which was also inversely related to general psychological ill- health and emotional distress, was found to partially mediate the relations between disordered eating-related cognitions and the two predicted variables.
Disordered Eating-Related Cognition And Psychological Flexibility As Predictors Of Psychological Health Among College Students., Akihiko Masuda, M. Price, P. Anderson, J. W. Wendell
Disordered Eating-Related Cognition And Psychological Flexibility As Predictors Of Psychological Health Among College Students., Akihiko Masuda, M. Price, P. Anderson, J. W. Wendell
Psychology Faculty Publications
The present cross-sectional study investigated the relation among disordered eating-related cognition, psychological flexibility, and poor psychological outcomes among a non-clinical college sample. As predicted, conviction of disordered eating-related cognitions was positively associated with general psychological ill-health and emotional distress in interpersonal contexts. Disordered eating-related cognition was also inversely related to psychological flexibility, which was inversely related to poor psychological health and emotional distress in interpersonal contexts. The combination of disordered eating-related cognition and psychological flexibility accounted for the proportion of variance of these poor psychological outcomes greater than disordered eating-related cognition alone. Finally, psychological flexibility accounted for the proportion of …
Cognitive Defusion Versus Thought Distraction: A Clinical Rationale, Training, And Experiential Exercise In Altering Psychological Impacts Of Negative Self-Referential Thoughts., Akihiko Masuda, A. B. Feinstein, J. W. Wendell, S. T. Sheehan
Cognitive Defusion Versus Thought Distraction: A Clinical Rationale, Training, And Experiential Exercise In Altering Psychological Impacts Of Negative Self-Referential Thoughts., Akihiko Masuda, A. B. Feinstein, J. W. Wendell, S. T. Sheehan
Psychology Faculty Publications
Using two modes of intervention delivery, the present study compared the effects of a cognitive defusion strategy with a thought distraction strategy on the emotional discomfort and believability of negative self-referential thoughts. One mode of intervention delivery consisted of a clinical rationale and training (i.e., Partial condition). The other mode contained a condition-specific experiential exercise with the negative self-referential thought in addition to the clinical rationale and training (i.e., Full condition). Non-clinical undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of five protocols: Partial-Defusion, Full-Defusion, Partial-Distraction, Full-Distraction, and a distraction-based experimental control task. The Full-Defusion condition reduced the emotional discomfort and believability …
Learning The Rules: Observation And Imitation Of A Sorting Strategy By 36-Month-Old Children, Rebecca Williamson, Vikram K. Jaswal, Andrew N. Meltzoff
Learning The Rules: Observation And Imitation Of A Sorting Strategy By 36-Month-Old Children, Rebecca Williamson, Vikram K. Jaswal, Andrew N. Meltzoff
Psychology Faculty Publications
Two experiments investigate the scope of imitation by testing whether 36-month-olds can learn to produce a categorization strategy through observation. After witnessing an adult sort a set of objects by a visible property (their color, Experiment 1) or a non-visible property (the particular sounds produced when the objects were shaken, Experiment 2), children showed significantly more sorting by those dimensions relative to children in control groups, including a control in which children saw the sorted endstate but not the intentional sorting demonstration. The results show that 36-month-olds can do more than imitate the literal behaviors they see; they also abstract …
Neural Correlates Of Treatment In Adolescents With Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Preliminary Investigation, Julie Maslowsky, Karin Mogg, Brendan P. Bradley, Erin B. Mcclure-Tone, Monique Ernst, Daniel S. Pine, Christopler S. Monk
Neural Correlates Of Treatment In Adolescents With Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Preliminary Investigation, Julie Maslowsky, Karin Mogg, Brendan P. Bradley, Erin B. Mcclure-Tone, Monique Ernst, Daniel S. Pine, Christopler S. Monk
Psychology Faculty Publications
Objective: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent and debilitating psychiatric condition in adolescence. Two effective forms of treatment are cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. This pilot study examined changes in brain function following each type of treatment in GAD. Method: Subjects were 14 youth with GAD (7 had CBT, 7 received fluoxetine) and 10 age- and gender-matched healthy peers. FMRI scans were acquired before and after treatment for patients, and over two comparable time points for controls. During fMRI acquisition, a probe detection task with emotional (angry, happy) and neutral faces allowed for assessment of …
Modeling Child-Based Theoretical Reading Constructs With Struggling Adult Readers, Alice Owens Nanda, Daphne Greenberg, Robin D. Morris
Modeling Child-Based Theoretical Reading Constructs With Struggling Adult Readers, Alice Owens Nanda, Daphne Greenberg, Robin D. Morris
Psychology Faculty Publications
This study examined whether measurement constructs behind reading-related tests for struggling adult readers are similar to what is known about measurement constructs for children. The sample included 371 adults reading between the third- and fifth-grade levels, including 127 men and 153 English speakers of other languages. Using measures of skills and subskills, confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test child-based theoretical measurement models of reading: an achievement model of reading skills, a core deficit model of reading subskills, and an integrated model containing achievement and deficit variables. Although the findings present the best measurement models, the contribution of this article …