Psychology Commons^™

Widening Spheres Of Impact: The Role Of Forgiveness In Marital And Family, Kristina Gordon, Farrah Hughes, Nathan Tomcik, Lee Dixon, Samantha Litzinger

Lee Dixon

This study examined relations between aspects of family functioning and positive and negative dimensions of forgiveness. Increased understanding of one's partner and decreased anger about betrayal characterize positive forgiveness, whereas experiences such as holding a grudge and desiring revenge indicate negative forgiveness. The sample included 87 wives and 74 husbands who reported experiencing a significant betrayal, their partners, and their adolescent children. Analyses of reported forgiveness revealed that more negative forgiveness was associated with lower marital satisfaction for husbands and wives; trust partially mediated this relationship for husbands and wives. Greater positive forgiveness reported by husbands and wives predicted their …

Behavioral And Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies, Kristina Gordon, Lee Dixon, Jennifer Willett, Farrah Hughes

Lee Dixon

The Handbook of Family Psychology provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical underpinnings and established practices relating to family psychology.

-Provides a thorough orientation to the field of family psychology for clinicians

-Includes summaries of the most recent research literature and clinical interventions for specific areas of interest to family psychology clinicians

-Features essays by recognized experts in a variety of specialized fields

-Suitable as a required text for courses in family psychology, family therapy, theories of psychotherapy, couples therapy, systems theory, and systems therapy

Living In A Material World: How Visual Cues To Material Properties Affect The Way That We Lift Objects And Perceive Their Weight, Gavin Buckingham, Jonathan Cant, Melvyn Goodale

Gavin Buckingham

The visual properties of an object provide many cues as to the tensile strength, compliance, and density of the material from which it is made. However, it is not well understood how these implicit associations affect our perceptions of these properties and how they determine the initial forces that are applied when an object is picked up. Here we examine the effects of these cues on such forces by using the classic "material-weight illusion" (MWI). Grip and load forces were measured in three experiments as participants lifted cubes made from metal, wood, and expanded polystyrene. These cubes were adjusted to …

The Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised: Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of The Original Inter-Correlation Data Set And Model, Richard Hicks, Mark Bahr, Daisure Fujiwara

Richard Hicks

Stress levels are said to be rising in many different occupations but one problem for cross-occupation comparison purposes is that different questionnaires have been used in different studies - often specially designed questionnaires for the occupation under study. The Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised (OSI-R) is one questionnaire that may help assess the same stress-related variables across different occupational groups. The OSI-R model is theory-based and assesses the effects on the individual of three ‘factors’ (occupational roles, psychological strain and coping resources) across fourteen dimensions. This current study reports the findings of a re-analysis of the original Manual data of 983 mixed …

The Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised: Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of The Original Inter-Correlation Data Set And Model, Richard Hicks, Mark Bahr, Daisure Fujiwara

Mark Bahr

Stress levels are said to be rising in many different occupations but one problem for cross-occupation comparison purposes is that different questionnaires have been used in different studies - often specially designed questionnaires for the occupation under study. The Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised (OSI-R) is one questionnaire that may help assess the same stress-related variables across different occupational groups. The OSI-R model is theory-based and assesses the effects on the individual of three ‘factors’ (occupational roles, psychological strain and coping resources) across fourteen dimensions. This current study reports the findings of a re-analysis of the original Manual data of 983 mixed …

Consulting And Evaluation With Nonprofit And Community-Based Organizations, Judah J. Viola, Susan D. Mcmahon

Judah J. Viola, Ph.D.

Under Stress, Are We Morally Congruent? Physiological And Psychological Influences On Moral Judgments, Kymberlee O'Brien

Kymberlee M. O'Brien

Empirical work on moral decision-making strongly suggests that multi-system processes are involved, including affective, cognitive, and physiological mechanisms. While extensive neuroscientific research exists on the neurological correlates of high-conflict moral judgments, little psychophysiological research has investigated whether stress reactivity, as biological processes, may influence judgments that are explicitly socio-moral in nature.

Physical Activity And Neurocognitive Function Across The Lifespan, Jason Themanson, Charles Hillman, Sarah Buck

Jason R. Themanson, Ph.D

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Teaching Mind: Extending Participation In Lifelong Learning Through Engagement With A Supportive Community, Jeremy Szteiter

Jeremy Szteiter

This paper extends the notion of lifelong learning beyond gaining knowledge over a lifetime to preparing oneself to teach what has been learned to others. The "Teaching Mind," as I define the idea, involves thinking about what has been learned and what one knows by reconsidering that knowledge through the eyes of self as a teacher. The Teaching Mind assumes a broad notion of teaching that relates to informal and community learning across all areas of life and culture, beyond professional teaching in formal schools. The pursuit of the Teaching Mind is highly accessible to all those who wish to …

Acute Aerobic Exercise Effects On Event-Related Brain Potentials, Jason Themanson, Charles Hillman, Matthew Pontifex

Jason R. Themanson, Ph.D

No abstract provided.

An Essay On Names And Truth, By Wolfram Hinzen, Ileana Paul, Robert Stainton

Ileana Paul

No abstract provided.

Rightward Biases During Bimanual Reaching, Gavin Buckingham, David Carey

Gavin Buckingham

Two experiments were carried out to investigate whether attention is biased toward the right hand of right handers during bimanual coordination (Peters 1981). A novel discontinuous double-step reaching task was developed, where right-handed participants executed a bimanual reach followed by a left or right hand unimanual reach. Asymmetries in the downtime between the bimanual and unimanual reach portions (the refractory period) were used to infer the direction of attention. A shorter right hand refractory period was found in the first experiment, indicating a rightward bias in attention. In a second experiment, shifting the focus of attention during the bimanual portion …

Can Work Preferences (Personality Based) Differentiate Between Employees Scoring High Or Low In General Mental Health?, Genevieve Colling, Richard Hicks

Richard Hicks

Objectives – The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personal work characteristics and general mental health and also to contribute to validity data on the Apollo Profile. Methods – A battery of tests, including the 12-item General Health Questionnaire and the Apollo Profile, was given to 98 adult participants (60 female & 38 male) currently in full-time employment. A discriminant function analysis was conducted to determine whether the Apollo Profile characteristics could successfully discriminate between two mental health groups. Results – The results indicated that of the 34 personal work characteristics, preferences and attitudes assessed by …

Greening Of The World Of Work: Implications For O*Net-Soc And New And Emerging Occupations, Erich Dierdorff, Jennifer Norton, Donald Drewes, Christina Kroustalis, David Rivkin, Phil Lewis

Erich C. Dierdorff

This report summarizes the recent research to investigate the impact of green economy activities and technologies on occupational requirements in an effort to determine their impact on current O*NET-SOC occupations and to identify new and emerging (N&E) occupations that may be considered as potential candidates for inclusion in the O*NET-SOC system. The report is organized in three sections. Section I describes the occupational implications of the green economy and its associated activities and technologies. Section II focuses on important occupational staffing implications within different sectors of the green economy. Section III describes the methodology and results of this research, including …

Appalachian Origin Moderates The Association Between School Connectedness And Gpa, Steffan Wilson, Jonathan Gore

Jonathan Gore

The relationship between connectedness to the university, Appalachian regional origin, and self-reported GPA was investigated in two studies. Both studies found that the association between school connectedness and GPA was positive among Appalachian students. However, counter to previous research, there was no association among the non-Appalachian students.

Realistic Recruitment Practices In Organizations: The Potential Benefits Of Generalized Expectancy Calibration, Brendan Morse, Paula Popovich

Brendan J. Morse

Realistic Job Previews (RJPs) have been studied by researchers and utilized by practitioners to attenuate early turnover by providing both positive and negative information about a job and organization to job applicants. Historically, RJPs have suffered from several criticisms including modest effect sizes, cost of development, and potential self-selection effects. Recently, the expectancy lowering procedure (ELP: Buckley, Fedor, Veres, Wiese, & Carraher has been developed and tested to address these limitations of the RJP. The purpose of this review is to provide historical foundations and persistent limitations of the RJP, and to extend propositions supporting the ELP as an effective …

Bald Is Beautiful? The Psychosocial Impact Of Alopecia Areata, Patricia Tucker

Trish Tucker

No abstract provided.

Understanding The Causes Of Depression Among Prostate Cancer Patients: Development Of The Effects Of Prostate Cancer On Lifestyle Questionnaire, Christopher Sharpley, Vicki Bitsika, David Christie

Vicki Bitsika

Objective: Depression among prostate cancer patients remains a major source of distress for them and their families, has been linked with suicide, and has been shown to contribute to poorer longterm treatment outcomes. Most psychological assessment strategies focus upon the presence of depressive symptomatology without identifying the specific causal antecedents that lead to depression among this patient group, although this underlies effective individually-oriented treatment planning and delivery.

Method: 150 prostate cancer patients completed self reports on anxiety, depression and lifestyle changes that they had experienced as a result of receiving a diagnosis of, and treatment for their cancer. The principal …

Relational Self-Construal Moderates The Link Between Goal Coherence And Well-Being, Jonathan Gore, Susan Cross

Jonathan Gore

Two studies examined the moderating effect of relational self-construal on the association between goal coherence and psychological well-being in two domains: relationships and academics. In Study 1, 178 undergraduates completed measures of their self-construal and life satisfaction, listed and categorized 7 goals, and then completed a measure of goal dependence. Study 2 (n = 166) used the same procedure as Study 1 except participants completed measures of purpose in life and a Goal Instrumentality Matrix. Results indicated that the association between academic goal coherence and well-being was positive for low relationals, but non-significant or negative for high relationals. These results …

Bullying, Anxiety About Bullying, And Special Education Placement, Ryan Allen, Danielle Saia, Conway Saylor, Penny Arnau

Ryan A. Allen

Bullying experiences and self-reported anxiety about bullying and were compared in 72 elementary and middle school students including 16 in self contained (SC) special education classes, 20 receiving resource or consultation (RC), and 36 matched peers. Individually administered Bully Victimization Scale and School Violence Anxiety Scale scores (Reynolds, 2003) revealed that children with special needs (both SC & RC) tended to report more peer victimization and higher anxiety about school violence than matched peers from the same schools. Placement was not related to self-reported bullying experiences. Students in self-contained classes were significantly more anxious about possible bullying, especially physical, in …

A Dissociation Between Perception And Action In The Material‐Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Jonathan Cant, Kai-Ling Kao, Melvyn Goodale

Gavin Buckingham

We examined what forces are applied to objects that elicit this illusion when they are lifted.We predicted that:

(1) Forces on early trials will scale to each participant’s expectations of how much a particular block will weigh ‐ excessive force will be applied to the metal block and insufficient force applied to the polystyrene block.

(2) Forces on later trials will scale to the real weight of each block ‐ identical levels of force applied to all the blocks.

(3) MWI will persist throughout ‐ polystyrene block will feel the heaviest, metal block will feel the lightest.

Salivation, Stephen Crites

Stephen L Crites Jr.

No abstract provided.

Using Dibels: A Survey Of Purposes And Practices, Jeanne Jenkins, Amy Hoffman, Dunlap Kay

Jeanne E. Jenkins

Using a mail survey and face-to-face interviews, this study explored educators' use of and perceptions about DIBELS, a widely used reading assessment and intervention instrument. Analysis included tabulations and a conceptual analysis of extended responses. Most frequent uses for DIBELS included identification of at-risk students, intervention development, and progress monitoring. However, respondents were less clear about how progress monitoring data informed their instruction and whether DIBELS was aligned with state-mandated testing. Time issues were perceived as both positive (quick to administer) and negative (administered individually and repeatedly) factors. Mirroring the literature, respondents expressed both strong positive and negative views about …

Updating The Attitudes Toward Computer Usage Using American Undergraduate Students, Samantha Morris, Nicole Gullekson, Brendan Morse, Paula Popovich

Brendan J. Morse

The Attitudes Toward Computer Usage Scale (ATCUS) was first developed in 1986 by [Popovich, P. M., Hyde, K. R., Zakrajsek, T., & Blumer, C. (1987). The development of the attitudes toward computer usage scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 47, 261–269.] using American undergraduates and has since been with a variety of populations over the past 20 years. However, many changes in the technological landscape have occurred since its development, thus creating a need for an updated scale. During the course of a three-part study, the ATCUS v. 2.0 was developed with psychometric properties similar to that of the original ATCUS. …

Ethics Beyond The Obvious: Psychologically Based Ethics. Instruction, Cecile Brennan

Cecile Brennan

No abstract provided.

Grasping And Lifting Different Materials, Gavin Buckingham, Jonathan Cant, Melvyn Goodale

Gavin Buckingham

The material from which an object is made can determine how heavy it feels (Seashore, 1899). Interestingly, a metal block that has been adjusted to have the same size and mass as a polystyrene block will feel lighter than the polystyrene block. We recently showed that participants experiencing this material-weight illusion’ (MWI) do not apply forces that match their perceptual experience of heaviness ‐ just like in the size‐weight illusion ( Flanagan & Beltzner, 2000).

Our previous study showed that forces on early trials were scaled to each participant’s expectations of how much a particular block should weigh ‐ excessive …

Implicit Working Memory., Ran Hassin, John Bargh, Andrew Engell, Kathleen Mcculloch

Andrew Engell

Bosses’ Perceptions Of Family-Work Conflict And Women’S Promotability: Glass Ceiling Effects, Grace Lemmon

Grace Lemmon

We examine one potential reason for the persistence of the glass ceiling: bosses' perceptions of female subordinates' family-work conflict. Person categorization and social role theories are used to examine whether bosses (both male and female) perceive women as having greater family-work conflict and therefore view them as mismatched to their organizations and jobs. The results support our model: bosses' perceptions of family-work conflict mediated the relationships between subordinate sex and perceptions of person-organization fit, person-job fit, and performance. Both types of fit were related to promotability (nomination for promotion and manager-assessed promotability). We discuss implications for practice and future research. …

Early Semantic Networks: Preferential Attachment Or Preferential Acquisition?, Josita Maouene

Josita C Maouene

Analyses of adult semantic networks suggest a learning mechanism involving preferential attachment: A word is more likely to enter the lexicon the more connected the known words to which it is related. We introduce and test two alternative growth principles: preferential ac- quisition—words enter the lexicon not because they are related to well-connected words, but because they connect well to other words in the learning environment—and the lure of the associates—new words are favored in propor- tion to their connections with known words. We tested these alternative principles using longitudinal analyses of de- veloping networks of 130 nouns children learn …

Connectivity Analysis Reveals A Cortical Network For Eye Gaze Perception., Lauri Nummenmaa, Luca Passamonti, James Rowe, Andrew Engell, Andy Calder

Andrew Engell