Psychology Commons^™

Examining The Distinct Effects Of Emotive Triggers On Public Reactions To International Terrorism, Cigdem V. Sirin, Nehemia Geva

Cigdem V. Sirin

Group Dynamics, Donelson R. Forsyth

Donelson R. Forsyth

Offering the most comprehensive treatment of groups available, Group Dynamics, sixth edition, combines an emphasis on research, empirical studies supporting theoretical understanding of groups, and extended case studies to illustrate the application of concepts to actual groups. This best-selling book builds each chapter around a real-life case, drawing on examples from a range of disciplines including psychology, law, education, sociology, and political science. Tightly weaving concepts and familiar ideas together, the text takes students beyond simple exposure to basic principles and research findings to a deeper understanding of each topic.

Groups And Teams, Crystal L. Hoyt, Donelson R. Forsyth

Donelson R. Forsyth

To understand leaders and leadership, one must understand groups and their dynamics. This chapter describes group-centered leadership, leading change in groups, leaders in groups, decision-making and leadership and social influence and leadership.

Putting Their Best Foot Forward: Emotional Disclosure On Facebook, Lin Qiu, Han Lin, Angela Ka Yee Leung, William Tov

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

Facebook has become a widely used online self-representation and communication platform. In this research, we focus on emotional disclosure on Facebook. We conducted two studies, and results from both self-report and observer rating show that individuals are more likely to express positive relative to negative emotions and present better emotional well-being on Facebook than in real life. Our study is the first to demonstrate impression management on Facebook through emotional disclosure. We discuss important theoretical and practical implications of our study.

Killing, Letting Die, And The Case For Mildly Punishing Bad Samaritanism, Ken M. Levy

Ken Levy

For over a century now, American scholars (among others) have been debating the merits of “bad-samaritan” laws – laws punishing people for failing to attempt “easy rescues.” Unfortunately, the opponents of bad-samaritan laws have mostly prevailed. In the United States, the “no-duty-to-rescue” rule dominates. Only four states even have bad-samaritan laws, and these laws impose only the most minimal punishment – either sub-$500 fines or short-term imprisonment.

This Article argues that this situation needs to be remedied. Every state should criminalize bad samaritanism. For, first, criminalization is required by the supreme value that we place on protecting human life, a …

An Event-Related Examination Of Neural Activity During Social Interactions, Jason R. Themanson, Stephanie M. Khatcherian, Aaron B. Ball, Peter J. Rosen

Jason R. Themanson, Ph.D

Social exclusion is known to cause alterations in neural activity and perceptions of social distress. However, previous research is largely limited to examining social interactions as a unitary phenomenon without investigating adjustments in neural and attentional processes that occur during social interactions. To address this limitation, we examined neural activity on a trial-by-trial basis during different social interactions. Our results show conflict monitoring neural alarm activation, indexed by the N2, in response to specific exclusionary events; even during interactions that are inclusionary overall and in the absence of self-reported feelings of social pain. Furthermore, we show enhanced attentional activation to …

English Learning Demotivation Studies In The Efl Contexts: State Of The Art, Yoon-Kyoung Kim, Tae-Young Kim

Dr. Tae-Young Kim (김태영, 金兌英)

This paper reviews the studies conducted on English learning demotivation in the EFL contexts. Demotivation research in the EFL contexts is significant given the learners’ less opportunities to use the target language outside school and consequent difficulties in maintaining their interest in learning it. In order to look into how this issue of demotivation has been addressed, the previous EFL demotivation studies are analyzed based on (a) their research methods and (b) perspectives on the definition of demotivation. The research methods adopted by the previous research include quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. In terms of different underlying assumptions on what …

Same Environment, Different Affordances: Ecological Analysis Of Four Different Learners In A University Context, Miso Kim, Tae-Young Kim

Dr. Tae-Young Kim (김태영, 金兌英)

This study investigates the subjective realization of objective environmental factors and learners’ agency in constructing their meaning potential. According to van Lier’s (2000, 2002, 2004) ecological perspective, the environment is yet an unrealized set of potential, and affordance is what was felt meaningful to the learner. Also, learners actively construct their terms and conditions of learning with their agency (Lantolf & Pavlenko, 2001). Based on van Lier’s ecological framework, two pairs of students enrolled in two same English classes were recruited. Life history, semi-structured interview, and task recall data revealed that for some students, affordance of the English classroom was …

The Coevolution Of Networks And Political Attitudes, David Lazer, Brian Rubineau, Carol Chetkovich, Nancy Katz, Michael Neblo

Brian Rubineau

How do attitudes and social affiliations co-evolve? A long stream of research has focused on the relationship between attitudes and social affiliations. However, in most of this research the causal relationship between views and affiliations is difficult to discern definitively: Do people influence each other’s views so that they converge over time or do they primarily affiliate (by choice or happenstance) with those of similar views? Here we use longitudinal attitudinal and whole network data collected at critical times (notably, at the inception of the system) to identify robustly the determinants of attitudes and affiliations. We find significant conformity tendencies: …

Socially-Mediated Internet Surveys (Smis): Recruiting Participants For Online Experiments, Erin C. Cassese, Leonie Huddy, Todd K. Hartman, Lilliana Mason, Christopher R. Weber

Todd K. Hartman

Socially-Mediated Internet Surveys (SMIS) is a new method to obtain web-based, adult samples for experimental political science research. SMIS targets central figures in online social networks to help recruit participants, who visit their websites. We present data from six samples collected using the SMIS method and compare them to those gathered by other sampling approaches such as Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. While not representative of the general adult population, our SMIS samples are significantly more diverse than undergraduate convenience samples, not just demographically but also politically. Moreover, we also discuss how the SMIS approach can be used to target special subpopulations …

How Successful You Have Been In Life Depends On The Response Scale Used: The Role Of Cultural Mindsets In Pragmatic Inferences Drawn From Question Format, Ayse K. Uskul, Daphna Oyserman, Norbert Schwarz, Spike Lee, Alison Xu

Ayse K Uskul

To respond to a question, respondents must make culturally relevant, context-sensitive pragmatic inferences about what the question means. Participants in a culture of modesty (China), a culture of honor (Turkey), and a culture of positivity (U.S.) rated their own (Study 1) or someone else’s (their parents or people their parents’ age, Study 2) success in life using either a rating scale that implied a continuum from failure to success (-5 to +5) or varying degrees of success (0 to 10). As predicted, culture and rating format interacted with rating target to influence response patterns. Americans, sensitive to the possibility of …

Can Happiness Boost Self-Worth? : Exploring The Impact Of Subjective Well-Being On The Global Self-Esteem, Jesus Alfonso D. Datu

Jesus Alfonso D Datu

Consistent with the contention that happiness leads to desirable outcomes (Diener, 2012), the current study examines the relationship of subjective well-being (SWB) to self-esteem of Filipino adolescents. The cognitive and affective domains of SWB were utilized as determinants of global self-esteem through regression analyses. Findings of the study showed that gender, and all dimensions of SWB significantly predicted the appraisal of self-worth among the respondents, with life satisfaction as its strongest predictor. From these results, premises of the broaden-and-build theory was confirmed as it elaborates how adolescents’ appreciation of self profits from positive emotions and satisfaction with life. Implications of …

On Dialogue Studies, Donal Carbaugh

Donal Carbaugh

The study of dialogue is a way to open several intellectual arenas for investigation while at the same time offering insights into multiple scenes of practical yet culturally diverse human practices. This article reviews several such arenas including studies of dialogue as a culturally distinctive form of communication, dialogue as an approach to understanding social practices, dialogic ethics, as well as dialogue as an integrative view of not only cultural practice but also natural environments. Throughout, dialogue studies are cast as a broad field with distinct disciplines within it, as holding deep value for understanding diversity in peoples’ practices, as …

Decreasing The Economy’S Impact On Evaluations Of The President: An Experiment On Attribution Framing, Brian Newman

Brian Newman

Decades of research has shown that economic considerations are strongly tied to evaluations of the president. Many studies have found that framing (often called priming) by news coverage, events, and presidential rhetoric can increase the weight of economic and other considerations in presidential evaluations. I use a survey experiment to show that attribution frames can decrease the weight of economic considerations on presidential evaluations. The finding holds implications for the public’s capacity to hold the president accountable and presidents’ legislative strategies.

Natural Born Peacemakers? Gender And The Resolution Of Conflict, Mara Olekalns

Mara Olekalns

Two males sit apart, staring at each other from the corners of their eyes. A female approaches one and takes him by the arm, pulls him towards the other male. She alternates between the two and eventually brokers peace. In a different scenario, two males are again in conflict. A third male inserts himself between them, screaming at them or physically separating them to prevent the conflict from escalating. He keeps them separate and harangues them into submission (De Waal, 2009). Female as peacemaker, male as peacekeeper. These examples fit with our intuitions about how gender might shape the way …

Confrontation Vs. Withdrawal: Cultural Differences In Responses To Threats To Honor, Susan E. Cross, Ayse K. Uskul, Berna Gercek-Swing, Zeynep Sunbay, Bilge Ataca

Ayse K Uskul

This study compares evaluations by members of an honor culture (Turkey) and a dignity culture (northern USA) of honor threat scenarios, in which a target was the victim of either a rude affront or a false accusation, and the target chose to withdraw or confront the attacker. Turkish participants were more likely than American participants to evaluate positively the person who withdrew from the rude affront and the person who confronted the false accusation. Participants in both societies perceived that others in their society would endorse confrontation more than withdrawal in both types of scenarios, but this effect was larger …

Integrating Religiosity And Pornography Use Into The Prediction Of Bystander Efficacy And Willingness To Prevent Sexual Assault., John D. Foubert, Andrew J. Rizzo

John D. Foubert

This study examined relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity, reasons for using Internet pornography, frequency of using Internet pornography during the last year, and the degree to which participants believed they were both confident in their efficacy and were willing to intervene to help prevent a sexual assault from occurring. Students volunteered to take an online survey as one of several options for course credit in a research participation system in a School of Education at a midwestern public university. Men’s extrinsic religiosity was positively correlated with their use of Internet pornography and negatively correlated with willingness to intervene as …

Analyzing The Determinants Of Group Identity Among Alevis In Turkey: A National Survey Study, Cigdem V. Sirin

Cigdem V. Sirin

This study systematically explores the factors that affect collective identity associations within the Alevi community in Turkey by employing the social identity approach and examining survey data collected through fieldwork. The results show that Kurdish Alevis express lower levels of attachment to their religious identity as compared to Turkish Alevis. The results also indicate that personal experiences of discrimination tend to increase one's prioritization of Alevi identity. Last, no significant differences are observed regarding group identity between Alevis who reside in urban areas and those who live in rural areas.

Relational Psychophysiology And Mutual Regulation During Dyadic Therapeutic And Developmental Relating., Kymberlee M. O'Brien

Kymberlee M. O'Brien

Abstract. Human experiences of empathy and presence are quintessential in therapeutic as well as intimate relationships. The work on relational psychophysiology has informed psychotherapeutic research by illustrating how early life physiological concordance between mother and infant are critical in mutual dyadic regulation. These processes cross several developmental domains, including biological, affective, social, and self-identity. By examining physiological concordance, this research has propelled our understanding of mutual regulation into the more expansive understanding of dyadically expanded states of consciousness. The core of the therapeutic relationship inherently engenders expanded opportunities and reorganization of the client, as well as the therapist. By incorporating …

Relationship Between Hair Cortisol And Perceived Chronic Stress In A Diverse Sample., Kymberlee M. O'Brien, Edward Tronick, Celia L. Moore

Kymberlee M. O'Brien

No abstract provided.

The Red Teaming Essential, Carter Matherly

Carter Matherly PhD

The Effect Of Languaging On Korean Students' L2 Learning Motivation: A Classroom-Based Mixed Methods Approach, Tae-Young Kim

Dr. Tae-Young Kim (김태영, 金兌英)

This paper focuses on the effect of languaging activity on students' L2 learning motivation. Swain (2006, p. 98) defines languaging as "the process of making meaning and shaping knowledge and experience through language." To date, most of languaging research investigated its impact on L2 learners' cognition. I endeavor to extend its original notion to the domain of motivation. Based on Dörnyei's (2009) L2 Motivational Self-System, the effect of languaging on students' L2 selves and their teachers' reflection will be investigated in this paper.

In Spring 2012, three English teachers implemented four different languaging conditions for their students: 1) written languaging …

An Activity Theory Analysis Of Second Language Motivational Self-System: Two Korean Immigrants' Esl Learning, Tae-Young Kim

Dr. Tae-Young Kim (김태영, 金兌英)

This paper analyzes two recent Korean immigrants’ ESL learning motivation using Dörnyei’s (2009) Second Language (L2) Motivational Self-System, which is synthesized with Engeström’s (1999) Activity Theory (AT) framework. Over a ten month period, the author conducted semi-structured monthly interviews and stimulated recall tasks. The findings of this case study suggest the following: 1) when sociocultural factors are mediated by L2 learners’ beliefs, these factors may directly influence learners’ ideal L2 self and ought-to L2 self; 2) learners’ sensitivity with inclusive attitudes can transform the L2 learning environment into meaningful affordances; and 3) if there is no tension among elements in …

Deleuze & Guattari And Minor Marxism, Eugene W. Holland

Eugene W Holland

This paper suggests a version of Marxism - a minor Marxism - derived from Deleuze & Guattari's political philosophy.

Influences Of Different Degrees Of Social Exclusion On Neural Activity, Jason R. Themanson, Amanda D. Larsen, Jennifer A. Schreiber, Kaitlin R. Dunn

Jason R. Themanson, Ph.D

Social Exclusion Although recent research has made strides in understanding the behavioral impact of varying degrees of social exclusion on targets of exclusion, little is known about the ongoing neural dynamics present during the exclusion process. Importantly, previous research has shown differences in neural activity during exclusionary and inclusionary interactions as well as to exclusionary and inclusionary social events. However, no examinations have investigated whether these differences are sensitive to different degrees of social inclusion or exclusion. Current Study To examine the potential impact of varying degrees of social exclusion on neural activity related to being the target of exclusion, …

Investigating Differences Due To The Timing Of Social Exclusion, Jason R. Themanson, Jennifer A. Schreiber, Amanda D. Larsen, Kaitlin R. Dunn

Jason R. Themanson, Ph.D

Social Exclusion When examining social exclusion, researchers typically focus on the end of the interaction. However, recent research examining patterns of neural activation during social interactions indicates that specific events throughout an interaction are related to perceptions of exclusion (Themanson et al., 2013). This leaves open the possibility that exclusion-related consequences may be present even if someone was fully included at the end of a social interaction. To address this issue, we varied the timing of similar durations of exclusion within social interactions to see the effects on exclusion-related neural activity and self-reported feeling states. Current Study To examine the …

The Ongoing Cognitive Processing Of Exclusionary Social Events: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials, Jason R. Themanson, Aaron B. Ball, Stephanie M. Khatcherian, Jennifer A. Schreiber, Amanda D. Larsen, Kaitlin R. Dunn, Peter J. Rosen

Jason R. Themanson, Ph.D

Social Exclusion and ERPs Social exclusion is theorized to influence cognition by reallocating attention toward exclusion and away from other processes. Accordingly, this additional processing of exclusionary events should be exhibited in neural indices of attention allocation. Previous research has shown N2 differences at the moment that an individual can identify being included or excluded within an ongoing social interaction regardless of the larger nature of the social exchange. Further, research has shown that exclusion draws attention away from other cognitive control processes, suggesting that additional processing of exclusionary events should be evidenced in ongoing interactions. Current Study To examine …

Living (And Dying) In The Moment: An Examination Of Ongoing Neural Activity During Social Exclusion, Jason R. Themanson, Stephanie M. Khatcherian,, Aaron B. Ball

Jason R. Themanson, Ph.D

Social exclusion is known to cause alterations in neural alarm activity as well as perceptions of social distress. However, previous research is largely limited to examining neural activation aggregated within blocks of social interactions, which does not allow for the examination of adjustments in neural alarm processes, or additional task-relevant attentional processes, during social interactions. To address these limitations, we examined neural alarm activity and other attention-related neural processes on a trial-by-trial basis during different social interactions that were characterized as largely inclusive or exclusive. Our results show neural alarm activation, evidenced by the N2 component, in response to all …