Psychology Commons^™

Social Norms Approach In Secondary Schools: Literature Review, Syeda Kashfee Ahmed, Pru Mitchell, Jenny Trevitt

Syeda Kashfee Ahmed

Life Education Australia commissioned the Australian Council for Educational Research to provide a summary of research related to interventions that used a social norms approach (SNA). The review focused on interventions aimed at reducing risky behaviours in secondary school students, particularly related to use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. Research questions There were two key questions guiding this literature review: Question 1: If we make more realistic the perceptions of young people about the levels of risky behaviour, and attitudes towards these risky behaviours, amongst their peers, is that likely to reduce the likelihood of them engaging in such …

Social Norms Approach In Secondary Schools: Literature Review, Syeda Kashfee Ahmed, Pru Mitchell, Jenny Trevitt

Pru Mitchell

Life Education Australia commissioned the Australian Council for Educational Research to provide a summary of research related to interventions that used a social norms approach (SNA). The review focused on interventions aimed at reducing risky behaviours in secondary school students, particularly related to use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. Research questions There were two key questions guiding this literature review: Question 1: If we make more realistic the perceptions of young people about the levels of risky behaviour, and attitudes towards these risky behaviours, amongst their peers, is that likely to reduce the likelihood of them engaging in such …

Toward A Cleaner Whiteness: New Racial Identities, David Ingram

David Ingram

The article re-examines racial and ethnic identity within the context of pedagogical attempts to instill a positive white identity in white students who are conscious of the history of white racism and white privilege. The paper draws heavily from whiteness studies and developmental cognitive science in arguing (against Henry Giroux and Stuart Hall) that a positive notion of white identity, however postmodern its construction, is an oxymoron, since whiteness designates less a cultural/ethnic ethos and meaningful way of life than a pathological structure of privilege and narrowminded cognitive habitus.

Measuring Student Well-Being In The Context Of Australian Schooling : Discussion Paper, Julian Fraillon

Julian Fraillon

This report was commissioned by the South Australian Department of Education and Children's Services as an agent of the Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs (MCEETYA). The report constitutes Phase 1 of a planned two phase process. Specifically this report defines a measurement construct for student well-being; outlines a methodology for measuring student well-being; and provides recommendations for ongoing work in the measuring, reporting and monitoring of student well-being (Phase 2).

Parent-Student Data Collection: Does It Matter Who Participates? Examining Perceptions Of Social/Financial Support And Family Environment, Karin Bartoszuk, James E. Deal

Karin Bartoszuk

Should Educators Be ‘Wrapping School Playgrounds In Cotton Wool’ To Encourage Physical Activity? Exploring Primary And Secondary Students’ Voices From The School Playground, Brendon P. Hyndman, Amanda Telford

Dr Brendon P Hyndman

Physical activity in school playgrounds has changed considerably over recent decades to reflect a climate of ‘surplus safety’. A growing culture of surplus safety can be attributed to a desire of parents and teachers responsible for children to protect school students from danger. The aim of this research was to examine students’ perceptions of playground safety influences on physical activity during school breaks from the perspectives of the ‘users’ of school playgrounds. Data collection consisted of seven focus groups (4 primary school & 3 secondary school) conducted across four schools (2 primary & 2 secondary). During this study, the focus …

Should Educators Be ‘Wrapping School Playgrounds In Cotton Wool’ To Encourage Physical Activity? Exploring Primary And Secondary Students’ Voices From The School Playground, Brendon P. Hyndman, Amanda Telford

Dr Brendon P Hyndman

Physical activity in school playgrounds has changed considerably over recent decades to reflect a climate of ‘surplus safety’. A growing culture of surplus safety can be attributed to a desire of parents and teachers responsible for children to protect school students from danger. The aim of this research was to examine students’ perceptions of playground safety influences on physical activity during school breaks from the perspectives of the ‘users’ of school playgrounds. Data collection consisted of seven focus groups (4 primary school & 3 secondary school) conducted across four schools (2 primary & 2 secondary). During this study, the focus …

The Advanced Placement Program's Impact On Academic Achievement, Russell T. Warne, Braydon Anderson

Russell T Warne

Emerging Adulthood In North America: Identity Status And Perception Of Adulthood Among College Students From Canada And The United States, Karin Bartoszuk

Karin Bartoszuk

One Goal, One Community: Program Development And Research Results From Bond’S International Anti-Bullying Program, Amy Kenworthy, Jeffrey Brand, George Hrivnak, Dee Bartrum

Amy L. Kenworthy

Introduction: Since its launch in April 2010, Bond University’s ‘One Goal, One Community’ anti-bullying initiative has touched the lives of more than 50,000 people, grown to include program partners on two continents, involved 31 schools and community-based organisations from across five Australian states and the ACT, and has been lauded by the international press for its success.

One Goal, One Community: Program Development And Research Results From Bond’S International Anti-Bullying Program, Amy Kenworthy, Jeffrey Brand, George Hrivnak, Dee Bartrum

George Hrivnak

Introduction: Since its launch in April 2010, Bond University’s ‘One Goal, One Community’ anti-bullying initiative has touched the lives of more than 50,000 people, grown to include program partners on two continents, involved 31 schools and community-based organisations from across five Australian states and the ACT, and has been lauded by the international press for its success.

Mindfulness At Work: Antecedents And Consequences Of Employee Awareness And Absent-Mindedness, Jochen Reb, Jayanth Narayanan, Zhi Wei Ho

Jochen Reb

The present study examines antecedents and consequences of two aspects of mindfulness in a work setting: employee awareness and employee absent-mindedness. Using two samples, the study found these two aspects of mindfulness to be beneficially associated with employee well-being, as measured by emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and psychological need satisfaction, and with job performance, as measured by task performance, organizational citizenship behaviors, and deviance. These results suggest a potentially important role of mindfulness at the workplace. The study also found that organizational constraints and organizational support predicted employee mindfulness, pointing to the important role that the organizational environment may play …

The Influence Of Mindful Attention On Value Claiming In Distributive Negotiations: Evidence From Four Laboratory Experiments, Jochen Reb, Jayanth Narayanan

Jochen Reb

We examined the effect of mindful attention on negotiation outcomes in distributive negotiations across four experiments. In Studies 1 and 2, participants who performed a short mindful attention exercise prior to the negotiation claimed a larger share of the bargaining zone than the control condition participants they negotiated with. Study 3 replicated this finding using a different manipulation of mindful attention. Study 4 again replicated this result and also found that mindful negotiators were more satisfied with both the outcome and the process of the negotiation. We discuss theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future directions.

Mindful Awareness Intervention Effects On Memory And Affect During Late Adolescence, Talia D. Boxman, Martha Pelaez

Talia D Boxman

Abstract: The effects of a mindful awareness intervention on improving memory and affect levels amongst three late-adolescent participants was examined using an alternating treatments design. The results of the intervention demonstrated differing degrees of effectiveness for each participant, suggesting both psychological and educational applications.

Exploring Reading Specialists’ Collaborative Interactions With School Psychologists: Problems And Possibilities, Amy R. Hoffman, Jeanne Jenkins

Jeanne E. Jenkins

No abstract provided.

Contributions Of Maltreatment And Serotonin Transporter Genotype To Depression In Childhood, Adolescence, And Early Adulthood, J. J. Cutuli, K. Lee Raby, Dante Cicchetti, Michelle M. Englund, Byron Egeland

J. J. Cutuli

Background: Past findings on gene-by-environment (GxE) effects on depression have been mixed, leading to a debate of the plausibility of such mechanisms and methodological considerations that warrant attention. A developmental systems perspective postulates that complex, multi-level GxE effects are likely contributors to depression. Methods: Participants from families experiencing low-income status at birth were followed over 28 years. Maltreatment was recorded prospectively using multiple means and sources. Depression was measured repeatedly using well-validated interviews in middle childhood, through adolescence, and into adulthood. Results: Findings support a GxE effect where the less efficient form of the promoter region of the serotonin transporter …

Academic Achievement Trajectories Of Homeless And Highly Mobile Students: Resilience In The Context Of Chronic And Acute Risk, J. J. Cutuli, Christopher D. Desjardins, Janette E. Herbers, Jeffrey D. Long, David Heistad, Chi-Keung Chan, Elizabeth Hinz, Ann S. Masten

J. J. Cutuli

Analyses examined academic achievement data across 3rd through 8th grades (N = 26,474), comparing students identified as homeless or highly mobile (HHM) to other students in the federal free meal program (FM), reduced-price meals (RM), or neither (General). Achievement was lower as a function of rising risk status (General > RM > FM > HHM). Achievement gaps appeared stable or widened between HHM students and lower-risk groups. Math and reading achievement were lower and growth in math was slower in years of HHM identification, suggesting acute consequences of residential instability. Nonetheless, 45% of HHM students scored within or above the average range, suggesting …

The Effects Of Self-Illustrating On Reading Comprehension In A Single-Subject Design, Vanessa Sitterberg, Martha Pelaez

Vanessa Sitterberg

With the use of an Alternating Treatment with no Baseline design, the effect of self-illustrating a reading passage on reading comprehension was examined. An Illustrating treatment and a Non-Illustrating treatment were used. Results show that the participant who enjoys artistic activities had improved reading comprehension accuracy during the illustrating treatment.

The Role Of Locus Of Control In High School Students’ Depression, Seyed Mohammad, Kalantarkousheh, دکتر سید محمد کلانتر کوشه

Seyed Mohammad Kalantarkousheh

Background: The main objective of the present research was to discuss the relationship between locus of control and the rate of depression among high school students who resided in Qazvin, Iran. Materials and Methods: Random cluster sampling method was to select 300 students from the Western RoodbarAlmot region, 150 of whom were females and the remainder were males. Locus of control was evaluated by Rotter’s Locus of Control Questionnaire. Students' depression was evaluated by Bech‘s depression questionnaire. Data analyses were performed by using SPSS software through calculating Pierson‘s correlation coefficient and the independent t-test. Results: Results showed a correlation between …

Understanding The Cycle Of Procrastination, Meehan Rasch

Meehan Rasch

Procrastination is one of the enduring challenges of human existence, as well as one of the chief problems with which law students struggle. Understanding the cycle of procrastination can help law professors and advisors more constructively address students’ issues in this area—not to mention our own.

Fires-Racial Stress Of Membership Coleman & Stevenson 2013.Pdf, Sherry Coleman, Howard C. Stevenson Jr.

Howard C Stevenson Jr.

Comparison Of Physical Activity Behavior Affordances Of Natural And Manufactured Elements In Preschool's Outdoor Playground Settings, Zahra Zamani

Zahra Zamani

Interacting with natural environments during childhood can impact children’s mental and physical well being. Comprehending children’s environmental orientation is a significant topic as their chance for contact with nature is decreasing. In this research, natural environments are considered as spaces that incorporate a variety of trees and vegetation that are free of human control, or part of human’s manipulation (such as in zoo, park, gardens, etc.). Read more...

Convergent Validity Of The Finnish Behavioral And Emotional Rating Scale-2 With Teachers And Parents As Raters, Hannu Savolainen Dr., Philip D. Nordness Dr., Erkko T. Sointu, Kristiina Lappalainen, Michael H. Epstein

Philip D. Nordness Dr.

In previous research the Finnish version of the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale-2 (Epstein,2004) has demonstrated adequate internal consistency and reliability. The purpose of the present study was to examine the convergent validity of the Finnish BERS-2 by comparing it with the Finnish version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, with teachers and parents as the raters. The results add to the research base to suggest that the Finnish BERS-2 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the emotional and behavioral strengths of children and youth.

High Expectations For Higher Education? Perceptions Of College And Experiences Of Stress Prior To And Through The College Career., Dana Krieg

Dana Krieg

Field-Based Experience In Light Of Changing Demographics, Fred Jay Krieg, Joyce Meikamp, Stephen L. O’Keefe, Sandra S. Stroebel

Joyce Meikamp

Due to changing demographics of students admitted to the School Psychology Training Program at Marshall University Graduate College, it has become imperative to significantly expand field experiences beginning in the first semester to address the lack of educational background of most of the students entering the program. This organized sequence of field experiences continues throughout the program, parallel to classroom instruction, affording opportunities for students to put theory into practice and to interact with professionals in the field, while also allowing for exposure to the public school environment. The collaborative field experience sequence provides the students with early and continuous …

Field-Based Experience In Light Of Changing Demographics, Fred Jay Krieg, Joyce Meikamp, Stephen L. O’Keefe, Sandra S. Stroebel

Stephen L. O’Keefe

Due to changing demographics of students admitted to the School Psychology Training Program at Marshall University Graduate College, it has become imperative to significantly expand field experiences beginning in the first semester to address the lack of educational background of most of the students entering the program. This organized sequence of field experiences continues throughout the program, parallel to classroom instruction, affording opportunities for students to put theory into practice and to interact with professionals in the field, while also allowing for exposure to the public school environment. The collaborative field experience sequence provides the students with early and continuous …

Field-Based Experience In Light Of Changing Demographics, Fred Jay Krieg, Joyce Meikamp, Stephen L. O’Keefe, Sandra S. Stroebel

Fred Jay Krieg

Due to changing demographics of students admitted to the School Psychology Training Program at Marshall University Graduate College, it has become imperative to significantly expand field experiences beginning in the first semester to address the lack of educational background of most of the students entering the program. This organized sequence of field experiences continues throughout the program, parallel to classroom instruction, affording opportunities for students to put theory into practice and to interact with professionals in the field, while also allowing for exposure to the public school environment. The collaborative field experience sequence provides the students with early and continuous …

Cohesion, Instructional Time And Reading Performance At Mugc Summer Enrichment Program, Sandra S. Stroebel, Brenda S. Harvey, Stephen L. O’Keefe

Sandra S. Stroebel

As schools attempt to improve the services to struggling readers, teacher are encouraged to work collaboratively to enhance instruction. Studies are needed to examine the effects of teaming on student performance. The purpose of this study was to determine if team cohesion or instructional time at Marshall University Graduate College Summer Enrichment Program (MUGCSEP) would be correlated with measures of reading performance for students who attended the program. Statistical analyses yielded a statistically significant correlation between cohesion, instructional time and reading performance during the 2006 program. While in 2007, instructional time was not significantly correlated, cohesion results yielded a mildly …

Profiles Of Children’S Classroom Relationships And Their Association To Peer Social Competence, Tara K. Cossel

Tara K. Cossel (Tara Morton)

The nature of children’s peer relationships, usually investigated in terms of mutual friends and/or mutual antipathies, is critical to their social functioning and adjustment. Recently, Olsen, Parra, Cohen, Schoffstall, and Egli (2012) offered a comprehensive framework for studying children’s peer relationships as all possible dyads within classrooms, using both friendship and antipathy nominations. This present research extended this work by systematically considering a more complete profile of all the classroom relationships of each third-sixth grade child and comparing these profiles to social functioning, including: children’s self-ratings of social competence and peer optimism, and peer nominations of sociability, showing respect, overt …

Help-Negation For Suicidal Thoughts In Sub-Clinical Samples Of Young People, Coralie Joy Wilson

Coralie J Wilson

Across the popular and academic literature, it is widely recognised that young people with persistent suicidal thoughts are at high risk for suicide completion. It is also accepted that seeking and receiving appropriate help offers protection against the development of acute forms of suicidality, along with suicide completion. Yet, as promising as appropriate help-seeking appears for suicide prevention, a growing number of studies suggest that suicidal ideation itself may impede the help-seeking process. There is evidence that acutely suicidal samples will negate or avoid available help, and there are indications that the help-negation process may occur in samples before levels …