Psychology Commons^™

Social Dominance And The Cultural Politics Of Immigration, Benjamin J. Newman, Todd K. Hartman, Charles S. Taber

Todd K. Hartman

We argue that conflict over immigration largely concerns who bears the burden of cultural transaction costs, which we define as the costs associated with overcoming cultural barriers (e.g., language) to social exchange. Our framework suggests that the ability of native-born citizens to push cultural transaction costs onto immigrant outgroups serves as an important expression of social dominance. In two novel studies, we demonstrate that social dominance motives condition emotional responses to encountering cultural transaction costs, shape engagement in cultural accommodation behavior toward immigrants, and affect immigration attitudes and policy preferences.

[Impact Factor: 1.614 (2011); Rank: 12 of 148 (Political Science); …

Cuando El Altruismo Hace Daño, Mario Šilar

Mario Šilar

The article reviews Barbara Oakley's concept of Pathological Altruism and analyzes its implications in moral and social contexts.

A Study On Personality As Predictor Of Dedication Component Of Work Engagement, Ridhi Arora Assistant Professor

Ridhi Arora

True success of any organization largely depends upon the human resource which is the most potential asset of any organization. Organizations are putting efforts to attract and enhance the level of engagement among their employees. More dedicated the employees are at workplace, more strongly they will be able to contribute towards their organization effectively, thereby leading to high engagement. Recent research has illustrated personality as the suggestive cause of engagement (Simmons, 2010). The paper attempts to explore about personality as predictor of dedication which is one of the significant component of work engagement. To attain the objective, the study made …

Triz And Spirituality: The Methods Of Maximizing Happiness, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

TRIZ is a method of high level of commonsense and can be applied in any field, whether social, economical, technical or spiritual. In this article we analyzed the concept of happiness, the ultimate goal of human being, and demonstrated the application of different TRIZ concepts like Ideality, contradictions, Principles, Resources and Trends in different theories of maximizing happiness.

Triz And Society: An Alternative Way Of Winning Enemies Without Fighting, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

Although we are born and brought up in society, we are sometimes hurt by the offensive behavior of some people in our family and society, may be by the so-called friends or rivals or enemies. If we suppress our anger and don’t fight with them then we suffer from depression, frustration and other emotional disorders. On the other hand if we express our anger to fight back then the situation may become worse by inviting bigger fights and more violence. The question arises, how to solve this problem?

There are both fighting solutions and non-fighting solutions to this problem. Non-fighting …

"Because That's Where The Money Is": A Theory Of Corporate Legal Compliance, William Bradford

william bradford

Upon his capture in 1934, the legendary bank robber Willie Sutton was asked by FBI agents, Why do you rob banks, Willie? Sutton, who believed the question to be rhetorical, replied, dryly, Because that's where the money is. In other words, Sutton understood his interrogator to be inquiring as to why he robbed banks rather than, say, homes, or gas stations, or church offering plates. Had he understood the query as intended - i.e., what was it about Willie Sutton the impelled Willie Sutton to crime when many others, struggling to survive the Great Depression, were not? - Sutton could …

Daily Stock Market Movement From Oscillating Social Mood Factors, Cari Bourette

Cari Bourette

Since 2006, there has been ongoing research into the correlation of a set of oscillating mood factors and socioeconomic, geopolitical, and natural events with the goal of forecasting increased risks of destabilizing events. While promising results have been forthcoming, it has been difficult to present models that allowed those outside a small circle of specialists to participate. Between July 2007 and June 2010, weekly social mood projections, as published in monthly issues of MoodCompass, were used to develop a model to convert four oscillating mood factors into stock market expectations. This model was modified to generate signals of projected stock …

Duyguları Sergileme Kuralları Ve Bağlamsal Belirleyicileri: Türkiye’De Üniversite Öğrencileri Ile Yapılan Bir Araştırma (Emotional Display Rules And Their Contextual Determinants: An Investigation With University Students In Turkey), Hale Bolak Boratav, Diane Sunar, Bilge Ataca

Diane Sunar

Part of a larger cross-cultural study, the research reported here investigated emotional display rules in Turkey. 234 university students in Istanbul (151 female) completed The Display Rule Assessment Inventory (DRAI) (Matsumoto et al. 2008). The participants were asked what their response should be when experiencing each of 7 basic emotions (anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) in either a private or public setting, with each of 20 targets (family members, friends or acquaintances, professors, etc.). The most fundamental finding was that display rules differ according to the emotion being experienced and the social context. Display of happiness had …

Achieving Peak Professional Performance Using “Personal Foundation System”, Raman Attri

Raman K. Attri

PFS is a powerful self-leadership model which transforms moderately able professionals into peak performer without having to change their personality. PFS is built using powerful techniques from systems engineering, performance based training, human performance technology and innovative Realism Theory of Leadership.

Earthquake Anxiety May Be Indicator Of Future Trouble, Cari Bourette

Cari Bourette

No abstract provided.

Hamas Controlled Televised News Media: Counter- Peace, Allen Gnanam

Allen Gnanam

The hegemonic force of Hamas censored televised news media in Gaza, can not be fully comprehended and appreciated without recognizing the role of propaganda, censorship, and the historical context of the middle east. These 3 interrelated dimensions will be analyzed using functionalism, the mass society theory, the dominant ideology framework, the critical criminology framework, and the symbolic interactionist framework. Through censorship, Hamas news media outlets were able to unilaterally inject culturally relevant propaganda, into the minds of children and citizens. The hypodermic syringe model can be applied to the state controlled news media situation in Gaza, as the people of …

Enculturation, Allen Gnanam

Allen Gnanam

Enculturation is the process by which individuals of an ethnic group unintentionally, unconsciously, and naturally, acquire culture specific values, knowledge, behaviours, manners, and identities (Gob, Lee, & Yoon, 2008) (Grovtevant, Gunnar & Hellerstedt, 2006) (Kim & Omizo, 2006) (Constantine & Miville, 2006). There are many psychological concepts that can be linked to enculturation such as psychological protective factors, perceived sense of well being, social connectedness, psychological health, cultural identity, help seeking, self efficacy, and self esteem. Research literature pertaining to enculturation has illustrated that, the degree to which these psychological concepts are present within individuals, are strongly influenced by enculturation. …

Summary: Israeli- Palestinian Ethnic Conflict, Allen Gnanam

Allen Gnanam

The Israeli- Palestinian ethnic conflict will continue to escalate throughout both the short term and long term world future. The current and future animosity between both ethnic groups can be attributed to (a) history based accounts and religious tensions, (b) polarizing ideologies held by both sides, and (c) middle eastern resentment toward the Jewish state of Israel. History based accounts will refer to both biased historical accounts and factual historical events that have contributed to the Israeli- Palestinian ethnic conflict. Concepts such as ethnicity, nationalism, ideology, Palestinians, Israeli’s, Arabs, and religion will be conceptualized in the research paper.

Crime And Precaution, Allen Gnanam

Allen Gnanam

Precautionary logic and risk assessments can be associated with counter terrorism, criminal profiling, and the management of high risk individuals/ groups. Overall, risk precautionary logic and risk assessments can be framed using the Ban-opticon concept identified by Bigo, though panopitic elements do exist when discussing concepts of surveillance. The Ban opticon framework has 3 major concepts: (a) Criminal profiling, (b) the management of movement and (c) exceptionalism.

Both precautionary logic and risk assessments are associated with the profiling of harms and threats, the management of individual or group movement, and both are used to provide qualitative and quantitative rationale for …

Contribution Of Cattellian Personality Instruments, Gregory J. Boyle, Keith Barton

Gregory J. Boyle

Extract:
Raymond B. Cattell, PhD, DSc (London) was ranked among the top ten most highly cited psychologists of the twentieth century (along with Freud, Piaget, Eysenck, and Skinner), as indexed in the peer-reviewed psychological journal literature (Haggbloom et. al., 2002:142). Over the span of more than half a century, Cattell undertook an extensive programmatic series of empirical research studies into the taxonomy of psychological structure (across the domains of intellectual abilities, normal and abnormal personality traits, dynamic (motivation) traits, and transitory mood states).

Simplifying The Cattellian Psychometric Model, Gregory J. Boyle

Gregory J. Boyle

Extract:
This chapter concerns the scientific analysis of individual differences in human psychological functioning including personality structure, undertaken by the author over a 30-year period (Boyle, 2006b).

Schizotypal Personality Models, Melissa J. Green, Gregory J. Boyle, Adrian Raine

Gregory J. Boyle

Extract:
This chapter will provide an outline of the historical development of the schizotypy construct, highlighting subtle theoretical differences in its conceptualisation, and related issues of measurement, factor structure, and the association with other dimensions of personality. The development of schizotypal personality models and their relationship with clinical disorders will be discussed in light of several decades of research in neurocognition, psychophysiology, and psychosocial risk factors, from which the current conceptualisation of schizotypy within a biosocial neurodevelopmental framework has emerged.

Critique Of The Five-Factor Model Of Personality, Gregory J. Boyle

Gregory J. Boyle

Extract:
Contemporary personality research generally adopts an interactionist model, whereby traits and situationally sensitive states interact in influencing behavioural outcomes. However, some support for the casual nature of the Big Five has been forthcoming (Paunonen and Ashton, 2001). For example, it has been argued that individuals vary on each of these five trait dimensions in line with a normal curve distribution and that the factors are at least partially genetically predetermined (Jang, et. al., 2002, Loehlin et. al., 1998).

Personality Measurement And Testing: An Overview, Gregory J. Boyle, Gerald Matthews, Donald H. Saklofske

Gregory J. Boyle

Extract:
Technically, there are very few actual 'tests' of personality- the Objective-Analytical Battery being an exception. Most so-called 'tests' of personality are in fact, self-report scales or rating scales based on reports of others. Such scales quantify subjective introspections, or subjective impressions of others' personality make-up. At the same time, it is a relevant question and one that we will continue to face in the study of personality and the application of the findings, including assessment of personality, within psychological practice areas such as clinical and school psychology, and within settings such as the military, business and sports psychology, among …

Personality Theories And Models: An Overview, Gregory J. Boyle, Gerald Matthews, Donald H. Saklofske

Gregory J. Boyle

Extract:

The thesis of these volumes is that the study of personality traits has advanced towards 'normal science' in the sense of a Kuhnian paradigm (cf. Eysenck, 1981; Kuhn, 1962). That is, most researchers in this area share a set of common core beliefs supported by empirical evidence. These include the relative stability of traits over time, a significant genetic and biological influence on personality, and relevance of traits to many areas of everyday life.

Acculturation, Allen Gnanam

Allen Gnanam

Acculturation is an experience/ phenomenon that occurs when groups of individuals with different cultural backgrounds engage in on going/ continuous physical contact, which in turn causes one or more of the different cultures too experience adaptation/ a change in their original cultural practices (Berry, 1997); (Berry, 2008). Acculturation is a phenomenon that occurs at a macro level/ group level and a micro level/ individual level, and this means that an individual of a certain ethnic minority group can experience acculturation differently than their ethnic minority group (Berry, 1997). Macro level acculturation occurs when the original culture of a specific ethnic …

Globalization & Nationalism: A Recipe For Terror, Cari Bourette, Daniel Reader

Cari Bourette

Nationalism appears to be part of the human condition; it may well be related to the human tendency toward tribalism. Whatever the case, nationalism appears to be a permanent feature on the global landscape. Globalization, while not a new phenomenon by any means, seems to be having a tremendous dilutory effect on the sovereignty of states; it now appears to be carrying the assault to the cultural frontiers of nationalism. Unlike the Westphalian constructs, however, nations will not so easily succumb. There is a greater inherent resistance to change in nations; the only historically effective method has been outright eradication …

Rights Of Inequality: Rawlsian Justice, Equal Opportunity, And The Status Of The Family, Justin Schwartz

Justin Schwartz

Is the family subject to principles of justice? In A Theory of Justice, John Rawls includes the (monogamous) family along with the market and the government as among the "basic institutions of society" to which principles of justice apply. Justice, he famously insists, is primary in politics as truth is in science: the only excuse for tolerating injustice is that no lesser injustice is possible. The point of the present paper is that Rawls doesn't actually mean this. When it comes to the family, and in particular its impact on fair equal opportunity (the first part of the the Difference …

Spinoza And Marx, Eugene W. Holland

Eugene W Holland

This essay explores what replacing Hegel with Spinoza as a philosophical source might do for contemporary Marxism.

Lisrel Analyses Of The Riasec Model: Confirmatory And Congeneric Factor Analyses Of Holland's Self-Directed Search, Gregory J. Boyle, Sergio Fabris

Gregory J. Boyle

A sample of 401 apprentice plumbers was administered the Australian version of Holland's [(1977) Self-Directed Search: A guide to educational and vocational planning. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press] Self-Directed Search (SDS), in an investigation of the construct validity of the multidimensional interest inventory. Both exploratory (iterative principal factoring with oblique simple structure rotation), as well as LISREL confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), provided only partial support for the six-factor RIASEC typological model on which the SDS instrument was structured. Indeed, only one RIASEC factor (Artistic) was supported unequivocally from the exploratory factor analysis while the CFA statistics indicated a poor …

Factor Structure Of The Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (Mdq): Exploratory And Lisrel Analyses, Gregory J. Boyle

Gregory J. Boyle

The Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) is the most frequently used self-report instrument for measuring menstrual cycle symptomatology. However, its internal structure has been criticized. In a review of the psychometric properties of the MDQ (covering more than 50 studies from 1968 onwards), Spalding and Oei concluded that "the MDQ appears to measure constructs unrelated to the menstrual cycle, [that] its definition of the premenstrual syndrome may be inaccurate and the factor structure of this instrument may be unreliable." In order to clarify the structural dimensionality of the MDQ, exploratory, congeneric and confirmatory factor analyses of the MDQ item intercorrelations were …

Multidimensional Scaling Of The Eight State Questionnaire And The Differential Emotions Scale, Gregory J. Boyle, Ilana Katz

Gregory J. Boyle

While the interrelationships between multivariate measures of mood states have been analysed using various statistical procedures including exploratory factor analysis, discriminant function analysis, multiple regression analysis, and canonical-redundancy analysis, the techniques of Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) however, have been used less extensively in psychometric research. MDS provides a readily interpretable representation of empirical relationships between different sets of data. The present study attempted to replicate Boyle's (1986a; Psychological Reports, 59, 503–510) factor analytic findings on two self-report multidimensional mood-state measures, namely the Eight State Questionnaire (8SQ), and the Differential Emotions Scale (DES-IV), to demonstrate the utility of MDS to uncover the …

Item Analysis Of The Subscales In The Eight State Questionnaire (8sq): Exploratory And Confirmatory Factor Analyses., Gregory J. Boyle

Gregory J. Boyle

The Eight State Questionnaire (8SQ) is a comprehensive self-report inventory which has been used in numerous studies of multidimensional mood states. The 8SQ has been useful in clinical situations for evaluating the efficacy of various therapeutic interventions, as well as in other contexts. The instrument takes about 20-25 minutes to administer, thereby enhancing its usefulness as a quick measure of transitory, constantly fluctuating mood states. Nevertheless, examination of the congeneric factor structure of the 8SQ subscales suggests that a number of the items are complex, contributing significantly to more than one subscale dimension. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have …

Sex-Role Identity And Mental Ability, Gregory J. Boyle, Michael E. Bernard, Beverly F. Jackling

Gregory J. Boyle

The central concern of this study was to explore the relationship between sex-role identity (measured by a bi-dimensional scale of masculinity and femininity) and field independence and scholastic intelligence. One hundred and forty Australian males and 181 females in grades 11 and 12 completed the Witkin Group Embedded Figures Test, the Otis Higher Test C of intelligence and a shortened version of the Bem Sex Role Identity Questionnaire. The correlation between performance on the Witkins and Otis was 0.53. Males performed significantly better on the Witkin and Otis than females. Males with lower masculinity scores scored better on the Otis …

Personality Characteristics Of Direct-Service Personnel In Community Residential Units, Gregory J. Boyle, Peter G. Comer

Gregory J. Boyle

This study examined the personality profile of direct service personnel employed in community residential units for the intellectually disabled. Comprehensive assessment of both the normal and abnormal personality trait domains was carried out for a sample of 110 employees, using the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire (CAQ), a psychometric instrument which provides extensive coverage of the adult personality sphere. Mean CAQ scores for the sample implied a generally satisfactory level of emotional adjustment. Overall, direct service personnel exhibited a non-aberrant profile of personality trait scores across both the normal and abnormal CAQ factors. There was a notable lack of psychopathology. Only the …