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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Senile Dementia From Neuroscientific And Islamic Perspectives, Mohd Amzari Tumiran
Senile Dementia From Neuroscientific And Islamic Perspectives, Mohd Amzari Tumiran
Mohd Amzari Tumiran
Diseases involving the nervous system drastically change lives of victims and commonly increase dependency on others. This paper focuses on Senile Dementia (SD) from both the neuroscientific and Islamic perspectives, with special emphasis on the integration of ideas between the two different disciplines. This would enable effective implementation of strategies to address issues involving this disease across different cultures, especially among the world-wide Muslim communities. In addition, certain incongruence ideas on similar issues can be understood better. The former perspective is molded according to conventional modern science while the latter on the analysis of various texts including the holy Qur’an, …
Brain Activity And Medical Diagnosis: An Eeg Study, Laila M. Ribas, Fábio T. Rocha, Neli R. Ortega, Armando F. Rocha, Eduardo Massad
Brain Activity And Medical Diagnosis: An Eeg Study, Laila M. Ribas, Fábio T. Rocha, Neli R. Ortega, Armando F. Rocha, Eduardo Massad
Armando F Rocha
Despite new brain imaging techniques that have improved the study of the underlying processes of human decision-making, to the best of our knowledge, there have been very few studies that have attempted to investigate brain activity during medical diagnostic processing.The main purpose of this paper was to investigate brain electroencephalography (EEG) activity associated with diagnostic decision-making in the realm of veterinary medicine using X-rays as a fundamental auxiliary test. The principal component analysis revealed four patterns that accounted for 85% of the total variance in the EEG activity recorded while veterinary doctors read a clinical history, examined an X-ray image …
A Neuromarketing Study Of Consumer Satisfaction, Armando F. Rocha, Fábio T. Rocha, Lucia H. Arruda
A Neuromarketing Study Of Consumer Satisfaction, Armando F. Rocha, Fábio T. Rocha, Lucia H. Arruda
Armando F Rocha
The interest of marketing science in using neuroscience techniques to understand the consumer’s thought processes, dates back to the 1970s, when EEG data were recorded while subjects were watching TV commercials. Recently, fMRI was used to study the neural correlates of culturally based brands and neural predictors of purchases. These studies have discovered important properties of the neural circuits that are associated with consumer decision-making process and satisfaction. Here, EEG brain mapping was used to study the dynamics of the brain activity associated with these processes. The present study validated the EEG technology as an adequate neuromarketing tool and shows …
Gun Control: What Goes On In Your Brain, Armando F. Rocha, Fabio T. Rocha, Eduardo Massad
Gun Control: What Goes On In Your Brain, Armando F. Rocha, Fabio T. Rocha, Eduardo Massad
Armando F Rocha
Arguments for and against gun control are polarized at two opposite ends of a broad spectrum: personal liberties and social benefits. Brazil has introduced a referendum regarding the prohibition of firearm commerce and propaganda arguments, similar to the present ongoing discussion in the U.S. It has invoked socially and personally driven issues in the promotion of voting in favor of and against firearm control, respectively. Here, we used electroencephalography (EEG) technology to study the brain activity associated with a voter’s perception one week prior to Election Day, of the truthfulness of these arguments and their influence on voting decisions. The …
Free Will From The Neuroscience Point Of View, Armando F. Rocha, Fábio T. Rocha
Free Will From The Neuroscience Point Of View, Armando F. Rocha, Fábio T. Rocha
Armando F Rocha
There is still a controversy if human volitions and actions are governed by causal laws or obeys free will. Neurosciences start to study the neural correlates of free will by investigating how brains make decisions. Here, some of questions about free will are discussed from the neurosciences point of view taking into consideration a neuroeconomic model of decision making. This model is used here with the purpose of providing very formal definitions of key concepts raised in any free will discussion such as goals, necessity, motivation, etc., and to provide a formal background for discussing decision making. One of the …
The Faculty For Undergraduate Neuroscience: Learning Lessons Since 1991, Eric P. Wiertelak, Julio J. Ramirez, Jennifer R. Yates
The Faculty For Undergraduate Neuroscience: Learning Lessons Since 1991, Eric P. Wiertelak, Julio J. Ramirez, Jennifer R. Yates
Eric Wiertelak
No abstract provided.
The Biology Of Reality Testing - Implications For Cognitive Education, Neil Greenberg
The Biology Of Reality Testing - Implications For Cognitive Education, Neil Greenberg
Neil Greenberg
• This report explores the proposition that teaching effectiveness can be enhanced by accommodating the key differences between two complementary and deeply engrained modes of reality testing, each predominantly centered in different hemispheres of the brain. • (1) Correspondence involves “reality-testing” of a percept, the cerebral representation of an experience in the world. • (2) Coherence involves “textualizing”, that is, reality-testing of a percept by how easily it relates to previous and ongoing parallel and collateral experiences. • Confidence in the validity of any percept throughout development is related to the interplay of these key processes. • As organisms develop, …
"The Natural History Of Truth: The Neurobiology Of Belief", Neil Greenberg
"The Natural History Of Truth: The Neurobiology Of Belief", Neil Greenberg
Neil Greenberg
The pursuit of truth is woven into the fabric of every organism*. Any estimate of how best to survive and thrive in the reality in which we are immersed requires a sense of self, of the world, and of their relationship to each other. I wish to explore the idea that this pursuit has at its heart two complementary modes of reality testing utilizing separate cerebral systems which deal, respectively with the correspondence of experience with the world and the coherence of the experience with previous experiences: “is it real” and “does it fit?” At multiple levels of the nervous …
Application Of Microsatellite Dna Markers To Discriminate Maternal And Genetic Effects On Scalation And Behavior In Multiply-Sired Garter Snake Litters, Gordon Burghardt
Application Of Microsatellite Dna Markers To Discriminate Maternal And Genetic Effects On Scalation And Behavior In Multiply-Sired Garter Snake Litters, Gordon Burghardt
Gordon Burghardt
Incomplete knowledge of pedigrees sometimes limits the methods of estimating quantitative genetic parameters (heritability, genetic correlation) in nature and may result in estimates that are inflated by nongenetic sources of variation. North American garter snakes and their allies provide a model system for investigating evolutionary quantitative genetics, but estimates of quantitative genetic parameters in these snakes are mostly based on offspring-dam regression and full-sib analysis, methods that fail to discriminate between maternal genetic, maternal environmental, and direct genetic effects on traits of interest. Using data from the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis, we demonstrate that microsatellite DNA markers can be used …
Identifying Placebo Effects With Data From Clinical Trials, Anup Malani
Identifying Placebo Effects With Data From Clinical Trials, Anup Malani
Anup Malani
A medical treatment is said to have placebo effects if patients who are optimistic about the treatment respond better to the treatment. This paper proposes a simple test for placebo effects. Instead of comparing the treatment and control arms of a single trial, one should compare the treatment arms of two trials with different probabilities of assignment to treatment. If there are placebo effects, patients in the higher-probability trial will experience better outcomes simply because they believe that there is a greater chance of receiving treatment. This paper finds evidence of placebo effects in trials of antiulcer and cholesterol-lowering drugs.
From Faculty For Undergraduate Neuroscience: Encouraging Innovation In Undergraduate Neuroscience Education By Supporting Student Research And Faculty Development, Eric Wiertelak, J. C. Hardwick, M. Kerchner, B. Lom, J. J. Ramirez
From Faculty For Undergraduate Neuroscience: Encouraging Innovation In Undergraduate Neuroscience Education By Supporting Student Research And Faculty Development, Eric Wiertelak, J. C. Hardwick, M. Kerchner, B. Lom, J. J. Ramirez
Eric Wiertelak
No abstract provided.
Brain Mappings Of The Arithmetic Processing In Children And Adults., Fábio T. Rocha, Armando F. Rocha, Eduardo Massad, Renee Menezes
Brain Mappings Of The Arithmetic Processing In Children And Adults., Fábio T. Rocha, Armando F. Rocha, Eduardo Massad, Renee Menezes
Armando F Rocha
Despite the increasing number of experimental mapping showing that human arithmetic cognition is supported by widely spread neural circuits; the theoretical reasoning about these data remains mostly metaphorical and guided by a connectionist approach. Although neurons at distinct areas in the brain are assumed to take charge of different duties in the solution of the experimental task, the results are always discussed by hypothesizing some association between the different areas without questioning any difference of behavior at the level of the neurons at each of these areas. Here, the brain is assumed as Distributed Intelligent Processing System (DIPS) formed by …
Ethological Causes And Consequences Of The Stress Response, Neil Greenberg, James A. Carr, Cliff H. Summers
Ethological Causes And Consequences Of The Stress Response, Neil Greenberg, James A. Carr, Cliff H. Summers
Neil Greenberg
Stress involves real or perceived changes within an organism or in the environment that activate an organism’s attempts to cope by means of evolutionarily ancient neural and endocrine mechanisms. Responses to acute stressors involve catecholamines released in varying proportion at different sites in the sympathetic and central nervous systems. These responses may interact with and be complemented by intrinsic rhythms and responses to chronic or intermittent stressors involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Varying patterns of responses to stressors are also affected by an animal=s assessment of their prospects for successful coping. Subsequent central and systemic consequences of the stress response include …
Ethological Aspects Of Stress In A Model Lizard, Anolis Carolinensis, Neil Greenberg
Ethological Aspects Of Stress In A Model Lizard, Anolis Carolinensis, Neil Greenberg
Neil Greenberg
Research on the stress response in reptiles can provide a useful comparative perspective for understanding how the constituent elements of the response can be put into service of diverse behavioral adaptations. A summary of the neural and endocrine causes and consequences of specific behavioral patterns seen in the small diurnal lizard, Anolis carolinensis, has provided a model for the exploration of the dynamics of autonomic and neurohormonal contributions to adaptive behavior. In this species, changes in body color provide indices of the flux of circulating stress relevant hormones, and are seen in situations from spontaneous exploration through agonistic behavior. Furthermore, …
Adaptive Functions Of The Corpus Striatum: The Past And Future Of The R-Complex, Neil Greenberg
Adaptive Functions Of The Corpus Striatum: The Past And Future Of The R-Complex, Neil Greenberg
Neil Greenberg
The basal ganglia is emerging from the shadow cast by the most conspicuous clinical expression of its dysfunction: motor disorders.What is revealed is the nexus of a widely distributed system which functions in integrating action with cognition, motivation, and affect. Prominent among non-motor functions are striatal involvement in building up of sequences of behavior into meaningful, goal-directed patterns and repertoires and the selection of appropriate learned or innate sequences in concert with their possible predictive control. Further, striatum seems involved in declarative and strategic memory (involving intentional recollection and the management of retrieved memories, respectively). Findings from reptile experiments indicate …
Access To Another Mind: Naturalistic Theories Require Naturalistic Data, Mark A. Krause, Gordon Burghardt
Access To Another Mind: Naturalistic Theories Require Naturalistic Data, Mark A. Krause, Gordon Burghardt
Gordon Burghardt
If there is to be a natural theory of consciousness that would satisfy both philosophers and scientists, it must be based on naturalistic data and minimal clutter accumulated from semantic arguments. Carruthers offers a 'natural' theory of consciousness that is rather myopic. To explore the evolutionary basis of consciousness, a natural theory should include comparative psychological and neurological data that encompass nonlinguistic measures. Such an approach could provide a clearer picture of the adaptive function, mechanisms, and origins of consciousness.
The Saurian Psyche Revisted: Lizards In Research, Neil Greenberg
The Saurian Psyche Revisted: Lizards In Research, Neil Greenberg
Neil Greenberg
This essay is intended to guide researchers interested in lizards as prospective experimental models to identify an appropriate species for their research needs and to care for lizards in a manner that will not compromise their utility. Coupled with these is a concern for critical thinking about the ethical dimension of lizard research, one guide for which is to consider the intersection of human needs and lizard needs. Before proceeding further, several arbitrary premises must be made clear: 1. While wholly deserving of study because of their intrinsic interest, I will assume that the lizard research to be undertaken is …
Art, Science, Areté, Neil Greenberg
Ethological Considerations In The Experimental Study Of Lizard Behavior, Neil Greenberg
Ethological Considerations In The Experimental Study Of Lizard Behavior, Neil Greenberg
Neil Greenberg
The importance of an ethological approach to the experimental study of an unfamiliar species is described and several of its problems discussed. The selection of units of behavior is a crucial first step in the development of a behavior inventory. The correlation of a behavioral unit with a particular context is necessary to ascribe function to that to that unit and to develop an ethogram. Methods of studying lizards under controlled conditions are described and discussed. Constraints on behavior that must be considered in an experimental study include the microclimate and its thermal qualities, food and water, shelter utilization, and …