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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Counseling And Psychotherapy Within And Across Faith Traditions (Chapter 17 In The Oxford Handbook Of The Psychology Of Spirituality), Mark R. Mcminn
Counseling And Psychotherapy Within And Across Faith Traditions (Chapter 17 In The Oxford Handbook Of The Psychology Of Spirituality), Mark R. Mcminn
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
This chapter begins with general considerations for religiously and spiritually oriented psychotherapy, including the importance of seeing religion and spirituality as d.imensions of cultural diversity, considering clients' welfare and autonomy, and maintaining competence. Three types of religious and spiritual intervention approaches are then discussed: assimilative, accommodative, and collaborative. Assimilative approaches introduce spiritual interventions or considerations into a standard psychotherapy approach. Accommodative approaches involve adapting a standard psychotherapy regimen to include religious or spiritual matters. Collaborative approaches entail a mental health professional and religious leader working in tandem for the sake of clients' welfare. Next, specific issues related to counseling within …
Delusional Disorder, Nancy S. Thurston
Delusional Disorder, Nancy S. Thurston
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
Excerpt: "Delusional disorder is one among several types of psychotic disorders, all of which involve grossly impaired reality testing. The core feature of delusional disorder is one or more nonbizarre delusions that last for at least one month. These delusions involve situations that could plausibly happen in life. Apart from the direct impact of the delusion, persons with this disorder appear normal to others and are able to function adequately in everyday life. If the person has a mood episode (such as depression) while having delusions, it must be relatively brief in order to warrant the delusional disorder diagnosis. The …
Paranoid Personality Disorder., Nancy S. Thurston
Paranoid Personality Disorder., Nancy S. Thurston
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
Excerpt: "The core feature of a paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a longstanding, pervasive pattern of mistrust in the motives of others. Persons with this disorder assume that others have malevolent intentions to harm, exploit, or deceive them, even when no objective evidence exists. They ruminate over unfounded suspicions that their family and friends are disloyal and will scrutinize these relationships for evidence of untrustworthiness. In particular they are prone to pathological jealousy of their spouse or lover. They are often reluctant to confide in others out of fear that anything they say will be used against them. This makes …
Stereotypic Movement Disorder, Nancy S. Thurston
Stereotypic Movement Disorder, Nancy S. Thurston
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
Excerpt: "Persons with stereotypic movement disorder move their bodies in ways that are nonfunctional, repetitive, and seemingly driven. This may include relatively benign movements such as rocking, hand waving, and twirling objects. However, it may also involve dangerous or even life-threatening behaviors such as head banging and self-biting."
Aversion Therapy, Rodger K. Bufford
Aversion Therapy, Rodger K. Bufford
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
Excerpt: "Aversion therapy uses a number of techniques and stimuli to weaken or eliminate undesirable responses such as deviant sexual behavior and substance abuse. In theory punishment is used to directly reduce the frequency of undesired behaviors through contingent presentation or removal of a stimulus, while aversion, or aversive counter-conditioning, seeks to change the undesirable response indirectly by altering the functions of the discriminative and reinforcing stimuli. In practice this distinction is somewhat blurred, since many aversion procedures have both punishing and stimulus-altering effects."
Behavior Modification, Rodger K. Bufford
Behavior Modification, Rodger K. Bufford
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
Excerpt: "Behavior modification is "learning with a particular intent, namely clinical treatment and change" (Ullmann & Krasner, 1965, p. 1). Initially behavior modification referred largely to operant techniques and behavior therapy to respondent techniques. As early as 1965 the terms behavior modification and behavior therapy were used interchangeably (O'Donohue & Krasner, 1995). With publication of the journal Behavior Research and Therapy in 1963 and the founding of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, behavior therapy became a general term for all of these techniques. Thus behavior therapy will be used in this discussion."
Behavioral Psychology, Rodger K. Bufford
Behavioral Psychology, Rodger K. Bufford
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
Excerpt: "Behavioral psychology is concerned with the conditions involved in development, maintenance, and control of the behavior of individuals and other organisms. Behavioral approaches have been developed in many areas of applied psychology. These raise a number of issues important from a Christian perspective."
Flooding, Rodger K. Bufford
Flooding, Rodger K. Bufford
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
Excerpt: "A behavioral approach used in elimination of unwanted fears or phobias. In flooding the client either is directly exposed to or imagines highly frightening events in a protected setting. Presumably the fear-inducing stimuli will lose their influence once the individual is fully exposed to them and discovers that no harm occurs. Following a discussion of the person's fears, the person is then asked to imagine the most feared situation. The therapist describes the salient fearful elements to enhance visualization. Thus an individual who is fearful of elevators is asked to imagine boarding a glass-enclosed high-speed elevator, then watching through …
Models Of Mental Illness, Rodger K. Bufford
Models Of Mental Illness, Rodger K. Bufford
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
Excerpt: "Although the concept of mental illness is central to the field of mental health and the practice of counseling, there is continuing disagreement about its definition. Several views are widely held. Each has important implications for understanding mental illness, determining which conditions are disorders and who has them, and choosing appropriate approaches to treatment. This controversy involves several important issues."
Overcorrection, Rodger K. Bufford
Overcorrection, Rodger K. Bufford
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
Excerpt: "Like extinction, response cost contingency, and time out, overcorrection is a behavioral procedure used to decrease the frequency of an undesired behavior. Overcorrection involves an exaggerated form of making amends or restoring the damages caused by misbehavior. Schreibman, Charlop, and Kurtz (1992) describe overcorrection as a weak or "mild but effective form of punishment [requiring] effortful behavior contingent on the occurrence of inappropriate behavior" (p. 339). For example, a child who runs in the hall may be required to return to the point of the offense and repeatedly walk from there to the desired destination; one who left the …
Burrhus Frederic Skinner, Rodger K. Bufford
Burrhus Frederic Skinner, Rodger K. Bufford
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
Excerpt: "Considered to be the father of modem behavioral psychology. Son of a moderately prosperous lawyer, Skinner was born in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, and grew up there in a middle-class Protestant family. He attended Hamilton College, completing his B.A. in 1926. Skinner planned on a literary career but quickly gave this up. He enrolled in psychology at Harvard in 192 7, completing his M.A. in 19 30 and his Ph.D. in 1931."
Albert Bandura, Rodger K. Bufford
Albert Bandura, Rodger K. Bufford
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
Excerpt: "Known for his development of a social learning theory of personality and abnormal behavior. Bandura grew up in the hamlet of Mundare in northern Alberta. His undergraduate study was done at the University of British Columbia, and at his graduation in 1949 he received the Bolocan Award in psychology."
Covert Modeling, Rodger K. Bufford
Covert Modeling, Rodger K. Bufford
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
Excerpt: "A cognitive process in which individuals change response patterns through imagining themselves engaging in the desired responses rather than by observing another person model the responses. Since these new responses are weak, even at the imaginal level, it is essential that they be reinforced in order to strengthen and maintain them. This reinforcement normally is self-administered. Covert modeling thus involves a combination of modeling and self-control procedures, all conducted internally in the form of thought and fantasy."
Covert Sensitization, Rodger K. Bufford
Covert Sensitization, Rodger K. Bufford
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
Excerpt: "A form of aversion therapy in which a covert response such as a thought or an image is followed by an imagined aversive event. An individual may imagine himself relaxing in front of the television and eating a large bowl of hot buttered popcorn, enjoying the smell and taste; he then imagines the rolls of fat accumulating around his waist, having to buy new clothes, and being rejected by his girlfriend because of his weight. In covert sensitization the cognitive elements of the stimulus-response sequence rather than overt responses and external stimuli are dealt with. The goal is to …
John Broadus Watson, Rodger K. Bufford
John Broadus Watson, Rodger K. Bufford
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
Excerpt: "Father of American behavioral psychology. Born and reared in Greenville, South Carolina, he received an M.A. from Furman University and then went to the University of Chicago, where he received his Ph.D. in 1903 and remained as an instructor. In 1908 Watson left Chicago for Johns Hopkins. Forced to resign from Johns Hopkins in 1920 due to adverse publicity about his divorce, he subsequently entered the advertising business."