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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Art, Race, And The Carceral System: Perceptions Of Criminality In Artful Expression, Abiodun Akinseye
Art, Race, And The Carceral System: Perceptions Of Criminality In Artful Expression, Abiodun Akinseye
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Prior research suggests that rap music is viewed as more “criminal” than other musical genres. Furthermore, juries are likely to attribute criminal stereotypes to rappers, in part due to assumptions of guilt and innocence based on race (Smiley, 2017; Smiley & Fakunle, 2016). Recently courts have used rap lyrics as a form of confessionary evidence against rappers in the courtroom (e.g., McKinley Phipps v. Tim Wilkinson, 2001), but this practice does not extend to other art forms, such as stand-up comedy. This interdisciplinary paper utilizes a mixed-methods approach to research, using both content analysis and experimental methods to develop an …
The Climate Crisis: How Communication And Norms Interact With Attitudes And Actions, Kathryn Aldstadt
The Climate Crisis: How Communication And Norms Interact With Attitudes And Actions, Kathryn Aldstadt
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
The present study investigated the effect of communication strategies and social norms on peoples’ self-reported environmental attitudes and actions. Communication strategies that cause high-fear levels in viewers can often cause distress, thereby increasing the likelihood that viewers will disregard a message in favor of protecting themselves (Clayton, 2020; Hornsey et al., 2015). Communication strategies that cause low-fear can serve as healthy motivators for action (Nestler & Egloff, 2012). Social norms are powerful, and people are likely to follow the same behavior pattern as others. In the current study, participants (N=71) watched a Public Service Announcement (PSA) video and either had …
A Moody Memory: The Impact Of Affective State On Source Memory And Reality Monitoring, Rebecca Lynn Greenberg
A Moody Memory: The Impact Of Affective State On Source Memory And Reality Monitoring, Rebecca Lynn Greenberg
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Many researchers have studied the impact of mood on various cognitive processes, but few have analyzed how it affects source memory and internal-external reality monitoring processes. Numerous findings indicate that sad moods are likely to yield more accurate memory than happy moods due to different information processing techniques, suggesting that sad mood could improve source memory and reality monitoring as well. After being induced into either a happy or sad mood, participants were presented with a list of 30 noun-verb-noun phrases in which the second noun was either generated for them by the computer or they were asked to fill …
The Effects Of Tylenol On Non-Social Emotional Memory, Renato Puga
The Effects Of Tylenol On Non-Social Emotional Memory, Renato Puga
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
The present study proposes utilizing a slide-show presentation analogous to the one employed in Puga, Spelman, and Bohannon (2014). However, a new series of precritical, critical, and post-critical slides will be utilized, counterbalancing perceptuallycentral/peripheral items across all ofthem as well as counterbalancing the pre-critical and post-critical slides. The ultimate goal of this manipulation is twofold: To provide a strong methodological scenario in which (1) the "preceding information effect" found in Puga, Atkinson, and Bohannon (2012) as well as (2) the acetaminophen-post critical effect found in Puga, Spelman and Bohannon (2014) can both be re-tested and solidified.
Emotion And Pain Effects On Tunnel Memory, Alexandra Nicolette Robinson-Norris
Emotion And Pain Effects On Tunnel Memory, Alexandra Nicolette Robinson-Norris
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Previous work by Andreano and Cahill (2006) has shown the Cold Pressor Stress (CPS) to enhance memory. A similar enhancement can occur with non-physical stressors. Puga & Bohannon (2013) found emotional slides to have an enhancing effect on preceding information. Although it is clear that physical and visual stressors can enhance memory, it is still unclear whether peripheral or central items are better remembered after arousing situations. Safer et al. (1998) suggested that during encoding, arousal creates a "tunnel memory" effect. Participants accurately remember central items but tend to disregard those in the periphery. The study focused on combined visual …
The Outer Limits Of Cognitive Processing: A Closer Look At What Is Desirable, Zachary K. Walter
The Outer Limits Of Cognitive Processing: A Closer Look At What Is Desirable, Zachary K. Walter
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Cognitive tasks are most satisfying when they include the right balance between ease and difficulty (Labroo & Kim, 2008). This balance is viewed as optimal for high quality and progressive learning in school and societal contexts (Bjork & Bjork, 1992). This idea is the basis of the concept of desirable difficulties, which are defined as certain difficulties in the learning process that can greatly improve long-term retention of learned material (Bjork & Bjork, 1992). Having received a lot of attention in recent research, they allow for one to develop questions about how we, as humans, approach certain tasks and where …
Chronic, Lethal Versus Acute, Non-Lethal Threats: A Look Inside The Memories Of Cancer Patients At The Time Of Their Diagnosis, Angeline M. Modesti
Chronic, Lethal Versus Acute, Non-Lethal Threats: A Look Inside The Memories Of Cancer Patients At The Time Of Their Diagnosis, Angeline M. Modesti
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Consequentiality, affect, and rehearsal are also important components that help contribute to the recall of autobiographical memories. Traditionally, these features have been assessed in public dramatic events in the past such as the Challenger explosion and the 9/11 terrorist attack. In opposition to these traditionally studied events, the present study examined the effects of these features on five different private events. An analysis of these different experiences was assessed to determine the role of consequentiality, affect, and rehearsal play on memory recall. These three components were assessed in five different events during different points of the lifetime. Adults diagnosed with …
The Effect Of Affect On Group Memory, Dominick Joseph Atkinson
The Effect Of Affect On Group Memory, Dominick Joseph Atkinson
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Memory typically improves when recollecting in a group - the larger the group, the better the memory (McClure 2010; Atkinson 2011). High arousal at the time of encoding also improves memory (Bohannon, Gratz, & Cross 2007; Libkumen, et al., 1999). In this study 342 participants viewed either an emotional or neutral slideshow and then recalled either alone or with a group of three (triad). The participants were tested using both probed and free recall questionnaires. We found that for perceptually central items, the emotional material only helped the individuals, and not the collaborative groups. However, for the perceptually peripheral items, …
Positive Affect During Goal Adoption : Why Happiness Breeds Success, Katherine Wainwright
Positive Affect During Goal Adoption : Why Happiness Breeds Success, Katherine Wainwright
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Prior research has shown that positive affect helps individuals to achieve their goals. typically by energizing individuals' performance during goal pursuit. However, questions remain as to whether other mechanisms might exist by which positive affect could facilitate success. Specifically, researchers have yet to address the role that positive affect might play during the process of goal adoption. In the current study, I examined whether positive affect experienced at the time of goal adoption facilitates goal achievement. Participants were induced into either a positive or neutral affective state by watching a video clip. They were also asked to adopt the goal …
What Do You Expect? : An Investigation Of How Caffeine Expectancies Affect College Students' Cognitive Performances, Katie Alyse Berg
What Do You Expect? : An Investigation Of How Caffeine Expectancies Affect College Students' Cognitive Performances, Katie Alyse Berg
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Caffeine use is common, but few studies have examined how the expectancies that people hold about caffeine relate to the effects they experience after consuming it. My study examined how typical caffeine consumption and students' expectancies about how caffeine generally affects them influence their decisions about caffeine use as well as their performance on memory and attention tests. I hypothesized that expectations about how caffeine affects students would interact with their beliefs about how much caffeine they had consumed to impact performance on tests of attention and memory. Undergraduate students were divided into four groups: high consumption and high expectancy, …
The Effects Of A Brief Mindfulness Intervention On Impulsivity In College Students, Myles Elgin Trapp
The Effects Of A Brief Mindfulness Intervention On Impulsivity In College Students, Myles Elgin Trapp
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
This study investigated the impact of a brief, introductory mindfulness intervention on attention, executive control, and impulsivity. I randomly assigned forty-seven undergraduate students to a treatment group (TG) receiving mindfulness training and a waiting list control group (WLG). Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires and standardized neuropsychological tests before and after the intervention. Participants high in trait mindfulness suffered less interference on a Stroop task, were less impulsive on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, but also evidenced less cognitive flexibility on a dual fluency test at baseline. The TG demonstrated greater improvement than the WLG from baseline to re-test …
The Effect Of Caffeine On Relationship Memory, Elsa Carodenuto
The Effect Of Caffeine On Relationship Memory, Elsa Carodenuto
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Recollections of participants’ last failed relationship (first meeting, first kiss, and breakup) were examined as a personal flashbulb memory (FBM). Although FBM is usually caused by arousal at encoding, the effects of arousal at retrieval was investigated by giving participants caffeine to determine its effect on elaboration at recall. 72 Butler students completed a protocol containing narrative and probe sections on each event of their last relationship. Results showed that caffeine enhanced memory of events at retrieval.