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Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Humans Integrate Monetary And Liquid Incentives To Motivate Cognitive Task Performance, Debbie Yee
Humans Integrate Monetary And Liquid Incentives To Motivate Cognitive Task Performance, Debbie Yee
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
It is unequivocal that a wide variety of incentives can motivate behavior. However, few studies have explicitly examined whether and how different incentives are integrated in terms of their motivational influence. The current study examines the combined effects of monetary and liquid incentives on cognitive processing, and whether appetitive and aversive incentives have distinct influences. We introduce a novel task paradigm, in which participants perform cued task-switching for monetary rewards that vary parametrically across trials, with liquid incentives serving as post-trial performance feedback. Critically, the symbolic meaning of the liquid was held constant (indicating successful reward attainment), while liquid valence …
Breaking Apart The Reinforcement Learning Deficit In Schizophrenia, Adam Culbreth
Breaking Apart The Reinforcement Learning Deficit In Schizophrenia, Adam Culbreth
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Reinforcement learning deficits have long been associated with schizophrenia. However, tasks traditionally used to assess these deficits often rely on multiple processing streams leaving the etiology of these task deficits unclear. In the current study, we borrowed a recent framework from computational neuroscience, which separates reinforcement-learning into two distinct systems, model-based and model-free. Under this framework, the model-free system learns about the value of actions in the immediate context, while the model-based system learns about the value of actions in both immediate and subsequent states that may be encountered as a result of their actions. Using a decision task that …
Spatial Proximity As A Determinant Of Cognitive Control Context, Nathaniel T. Diede
Spatial Proximity As A Determinant Of Cognitive Control Context, Nathaniel T. Diede
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The speed and flexibility of cognitive control is exemplified by the context-specific proportion congruency (CSPC) effect. Two locations on a computer screen may be biased to present either mostly congruent (MC) stimuli or mostly incongruent (MI) stimuli, necessitating rapid shifts of cognitive control in order to maximize speed and accuracy of responding. The episodic retrieval account has posited that the speed and flexibility of control can be explained by attentional settings being bound with contextual cues (e.g. the location at which a stimulus appears) into an episodic representation—allowing for settings to be retrieved automatically. However, what determines which setting is …
Are There Multiple Kinds Of Episodic Memory? An Fmri Investigation Comparing Autobiographical And Recognition Memory Tasks, Hung-Yu Chen
Are There Multiple Kinds Of Episodic Memory? An Fmri Investigation Comparing Autobiographical And Recognition Memory Tasks, Hung-Yu Chen
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
What brain regions underlie retrieval from episodic memory? The bulk of research addressing this question has relied upon laboratory-based recognition memory. Another, less dominant tradition has employed autobiographical methods, whereby people recall events from their lifetime, often after being cued with words or pictures. Previous research comparing regions underlying successful memory retrieval between these two methodological approaches has shown mixed results. To examine the neural processes underlying recognition memory for materials encountered in the laboratory and autobiographical memory, we conducted a within-subject study using fMRI. We showed participants indoor and outdoor scenes under two types of instructions: In the lab-based …
Variable Semantic Input And Novel First-Language Vocabulary Learning, Nichole Runge
Variable Semantic Input And Novel First-Language Vocabulary Learning, Nichole Runge
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Vocabulary learning involves mapping a word form to a semantic meaning. An individual asked to learn the Spanish word for “apple,” for example, must map a new word form (manzana) onto the appropriate semantic representation. Previous studies have found that acoustic variability of word forms can improve second language vocabulary acquisition (Barcroft & Sommers, 2005; Sommers & Barcroft, 2007). The current experiments investigated whether variable semantic input could have a similar beneficial effect on first language vocabulary learning. Participants learned low-frequency English vocabulary words and their definitions. Half of the words were shown with the same verbatim definition …
Rapid Detection And Use Of Non-Verbal Confidence Cues During Adaptive Memory Biasing, Jihyun Cha
Rapid Detection And Use Of Non-Verbal Confidence Cues During Adaptive Memory Biasing, Jihyun Cha
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Prior literature has demonstrated that participants use probabilistic, verbal memory cues (‘Likely Old’ or ‘Likely New’) to adaptively bias their recognition judgments. Here we tested whether this is more effective when the cues are the actual videotaped responses of others taking the same recognition test, based on the possibility that observers might use non-verbal confidence signs to modulate their degree of cue reliance on each trial. Experiment 1 demonstrated observers could reliably rate the confidence of others (Models) from single recognition responses (‘old’ or ‘new’) and that when doing so, the latency of the model’s response was the primary influence, …