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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Pathways From Childhood Sexual Abuse To Sexual Risk Behaviour In Msm: A Mixed Methods Study, Daniel Provenzano
Pathways From Childhood Sexual Abuse To Sexual Risk Behaviour In Msm: A Mixed Methods Study, Daniel Provenzano
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by childhood sexual abuse (CSA) compared to heterosexual men. CSA has been associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes later in life, including engagement in sexual risk behaviours (e.g., condomless anal intercourse), that place MSM at greater risk for HIV acquisition and transmission. Although the links between CSA and sexual risk are well-established among MSM, little research has investigated psychosocial factors that may mediate this relationship. Using a mixed-method approach, this study (a) explored psychosocial factors as pathways linking a composite of complex CSA experiences (i.e., CSA complexities) with …
The Role Of Self-Talk In Regulating Public Speaking Anxiety In Ethnically Diverse Young Adults In Canada, Clare Denise Russell Hinch
The Role Of Self-Talk In Regulating Public Speaking Anxiety In Ethnically Diverse Young Adults In Canada, Clare Denise Russell Hinch
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Public speaking is a commonly required skill within academic and workplace settings, and the ability to confidently and effectively communicate orally in group contexts is highly valued. However, public speaking is uncomfortable for many individuals, often associated with behavioural, cognitive, and physiological manifestations of anxiety. This discomfort may be even greater in individuals who are required to speak in a language in which they do not feel adequately proficient. Given the importance of oral communication skills within academic, workplace, and community settings, it is imperative that individuals are able to effectively regulate this anxiety response. One way in which an …
The Impact Of Cognitive Reserve On Baseline Neuropsychological Functioning Of Older Adults Without Dementia, Jarod Joshi
The Impact Of Cognitive Reserve On Baseline Neuropsychological Functioning Of Older Adults Without Dementia, Jarod Joshi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: For decades, a key question that has been posed by the cognitive aging literature is how do we preserve our cognitive abilities throughout the lifespan? This thesis examined the influence of cognitive reserve (CR) on different domains of cognitive functioning in a sample of older adults with varying levels of cognitive functioning, ranging from normal cognitive aging to mild cognitive impairment. To date, little research has used latent variable modelling to examine the potential relationships between cognitive reserve and cognition in older adults without dementia. Objectives: To examine the (1) cumulative and (2) independent effects of three well-established proxies …
A Psycholinguistic Analysis Of Neuropsychological Tests, Brette Lansue
A Psycholinguistic Analysis Of Neuropsychological Tests, Brette Lansue
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Neuropsychological assessment often depends on language-based measures of cognitive functioning and proper diagnosis of certain disorders relies on patterns of impairment in language and memory on these measures. The current project was motivated by the relative lack of literature integrating psycholinguistic experimental findings and clinical neuropsychological research. It has been well documented that word-level characteristics impact language processing and memory. Therefore, it is critical that neuropsychologists begin to understand how the measures currently in use can be confounded by the underlying lexical and semantic characteristics of the stimuli and how, if used properly, those characteristics could aid in diagnostic specificity. …
Factors Influencing Post-Traumatic Growth In Emerging Adults With Chronic Medical Illness, Alana Marie Gyemi
Factors Influencing Post-Traumatic Growth In Emerging Adults With Chronic Medical Illness, Alana Marie Gyemi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
According to the Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance of Canada (2017), approximately 60% of Canadian adults suffer from a chronic medical condition. Managing a chronic medical illness provides an opportunity for post-traumatic growth (PTG). PTG is the positive psychological change that develops because of experiencing a trauma or highly stressful event. The current study evaluated a collection of biopsychosocial factors as potential predictors of PTG. Specifically, we hypothesized that physical pain, perceived social support, coping, pain self-efficacy, pain acceptance, and resilience would produce a model that significantly predicts PTG. Both quantitative and qualitative data from undergraduate students aged 18 to 25 …
Body Dissatisfaction And Depression: Investigating The Moderating Roles Of Maladaptive Investment In Appearance And Rumination, Mallory Forward
Body Dissatisfaction And Depression: Investigating The Moderating Roles Of Maladaptive Investment In Appearance And Rumination, Mallory Forward
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Body dissatisfaction has been shown to predict the onset of depression (Bornioli et al., 2020; Paxton et at, 2006; Ferreiro et al., 2014; Sharpe et al., 2018). However, those for whom body dissatisfaction may be especially likely to result in depression has received little attention. The goal of the current study is to test the moderating roles of rumination and maladaptive investment in appearance in the association between body dissatisfaction and depression. It is suggested that those who are more maladaptively invested in their appearance may experience body dissatisfaction as particularly distressing because they place a high degree of importance …
Emotion Profiles In Dialectical Behaviour Therapy: Early Observations Anticipate Treatment Outcome, Florencia Andrea Cristoffanini
Emotion Profiles In Dialectical Behaviour Therapy: Early Observations Anticipate Treatment Outcome, Florencia Andrea Cristoffanini
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) can have various clinical presentations and is also difficult to treat. Researchers have investigated whether subtypes of BPD could explain variability in clinical presentations and outcomes after treatment. Previous research has identified subtypes of BPD based on temperament, which explain some variation in symptoms and outcomes. However, subtypes have typically been created using extensive self-report or structured-interview data. Instead, creating identifiable emotion profiles based on observational data could have a wider range of clinical and research applications, while helping to explain heterogeneity in BPD presentations and outcomes. This thesis is designed to look at emotion profiles …
Academic Stress And Cultural Coping: The Moderating Effect Of Heritage Language Proficiency On Well-Being In A Multilingual Sample, Noah Marcel Philipp-Muller
Academic Stress And Cultural Coping: The Moderating Effect Of Heritage Language Proficiency On Well-Being In A Multilingual Sample, Noah Marcel Philipp-Muller
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Coping is a set of behaviours that enable stress management. Traditional theories of coping have examined engagement coping and avoidant coping, but recent work has begun to shed light on culture-specific collective coping strategies. Collective coping varies between cultural groups, but generally helps preserve well-being and reduce psychopathology by affirming an individual’s connection to the rest of their cultural group. Experiments testing this model show that collective coping partially explains the relationship between academic stress and well-being. Language plays a vital role in both the transmission and preservation of cultural information. Given the role of language and communication in regulating …
Effects Of Discrete Emotions On Associative Memory Binding, Davin D. Iverson
Effects Of Discrete Emotions On Associative Memory Binding, Davin D. Iverson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The link between emotion and memory has been a topic of interest in psychological research for over a century. Typically, emotionally arousing items, especially those that are negative, are better remembered compared to neutral items. In contrast, when people are required to link multiple individual items together, negative emotional content often worsens memory, while positive content tends to improve memory for associations. Research on discrete emotions (e.g., happiness, sadness, fear, disgust) suggests that disgusting content is better remembered in item memory tests even compared to material that elicits other negative emotions. However, it remains unclear whether this unique impact of …
If It Walks Like A Duck…Is It A Duck?: A Mixed Methods Investigation Of Differences Between Machiavellian And Non-Machiavellian Substance Users, Daniel Pillersdorf
If It Walks Like A Duck…Is It A Duck?: A Mixed Methods Investigation Of Differences Between Machiavellian And Non-Machiavellian Substance Users, Daniel Pillersdorf
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Machiavellianism is a set of personality traits characterized by a cold and callous nature, a belief in engaging in manipulative tactics for personal gain, a cynical and distrusting view of others, and pragmatically moral stance. Behaviors and views of individuals with elevated Machiavellian traits can be seen to have a marked similarity with several behaviours and views of individuals with substance use issues, making it difficult to differentiate between them. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study sought to determine what distinguishes individuals who are high in Machiavellianism from those who are low in Machiavellianism but appear high in this set …
How Animal-Assisted Therapy Is Understood And Perceived By Health Care Providers And The General Public In Canada, Healey M. Gardiner
How Animal-Assisted Therapy Is Understood And Perceived By Health Care Providers And The General Public In Canada, Healey M. Gardiner
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The incorporation of dogs to assist humans with various activities has been documented for centuries. When a dog is included in treatment to meet an individual’s therapeutic goal it is known as Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT). Little is known about how AAT is understood and perceived among healthcare professional and public populations in Canada. Although AAT has increased in popularly, limited research exists regarding its efficacy. Further, variation exists in the understanding and perceptions of AAT among the general pubic and healthcare professionals, possibly due to a lack of awareness of existing operational definitions and distinctions between classifications of “assistance animals.” …
Embodied And Empowered: Evidence For Ashtanga Yoga As A Novel Intervention For Women With Disordered Eating, Nicole A. Dignard
Embodied And Empowered: Evidence For Ashtanga Yoga As A Novel Intervention For Women With Disordered Eating, Nicole A. Dignard
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Eating disorders are a set of polysymptomatic disorders defined by characteristic disturbances in weight/shape, eating, and their control (Cooper, 2017). Drawing on existing models of objectification, embodiment, and positive body image, Ashtanga yoga was expected to be a beneficial intervention for those with eating disorders. These theoretical frameworks suggest that Ashtanga yoga may promote well-being by supporting improvements in embodiment and disrupt pathways postulated to promote pathology, such as self-objectification and body dissatisfaction. Participants were invited to participate in an 8-week Ashtanga yoga intervention of twice weekly 75-minute classes at a local community centre. Participants in two studies completed specialized …
Parenting Practices, Technology Use, And Preschoolers' Self-Regulation During Covid-19: A Thematic Analysis, Rachel Katzman
Parenting Practices, Technology Use, And Preschoolers' Self-Regulation During Covid-19: A Thematic Analysis, Rachel Katzman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented challenges and as a result, the health behaviours and stress levels of Ontarian families have been negatively impacted. The purpose of this study was to explore preschoolers’ self-regulation, parenting stress, and technology use in Ontario within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included 11 parents of preschool-aged children who participated in interviews for the Children’s Technology and Media Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic study. Five themes were generated regarding parenting stress: stress related to their added role as teachers, stress related to their parenting role, cancelled and missed events, isolation, and lack of …
Contributions Of Social Support To Mitigate The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Pediatric Depressive And Irritability Symptoms, Alexandra Mactavish
Contributions Of Social Support To Mitigate The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Pediatric Depressive And Irritability Symptoms, Alexandra Mactavish
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Prior research, including my initial research on the mental health of children inSouthwestern Ontario, highlighted the broad, widespread impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of adults, children, and youth, globally, including the potential for social support to attenuate the harmful impact of the pandemic. Social support, one’s belief that others will help in times of need, may protect against the impact of myriad life stressors on the development of psychopathology. The present study examines the potential for social support to mitigate the longitudinal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s irritability and depressive symptoms. Families (N = …
The Effect Of State/Trait Rumination On A Prospective Memory Task Delivered Remotely Using A Real-Time And Repeated Approach, Iulia Niculescu
The Effect Of State/Trait Rumination On A Prospective Memory Task Delivered Remotely Using A Real-Time And Repeated Approach, Iulia Niculescu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background. Prospective memory (PM) refers to the intention to perform a future task held in memory that is executed without any explicit prompts. PM may be negatively impacted by depression, but the mechanisms that drive this association remain unclear. One idea is that rumination increases the frequency of task-irrelevant thoughts, depleting attentional capacity, and thereby reducing PM accuracy and increasing response times. To date, no studies have examined the effects of state and trait rumination on PM using online testing to collect real-time data over time. Objectives. To examine the effect of (1) state and (2) trait rumination on a …
The Association Between Self-Reported Psychiatric Symptoms And Performance Validity Test Failure Across Brain Injury Severity Levels, Alana G. Sabelli
The Association Between Self-Reported Psychiatric Symptoms And Performance Validity Test Failure Across Brain Injury Severity Levels, Alana G. Sabelli
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Performance validity testing is a routine procedure used in neuropsychological assessment to ensure an examinee is putting forth a performance that is an accurate representation of their ability. There is increasing evidence that individuals reporting high levels of psychiatric symptoms as well as those with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) fail performance validity tests (PVTs) more often. This research sought to determine if the high base rate of failure (BRFail) in the mTBI sample were related to an increase of self-reported psychiatric elevations. An archival dataset of 480 individuals either with an orthopedic injury, mTBI, or moderate-severe traumatic …
Working Through Lingering Anger Following Interpersonal Grievances: Examining Mechanisms Of Change In Rumination, Reappraisal, And Identification Of Unmet Needs, Michael Arend Strating
Working Through Lingering Anger Following Interpersonal Grievances: Examining Mechanisms Of Change In Rumination, Reappraisal, And Identification Of Unmet Needs, Michael Arend Strating
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Many clients present to psychotherapy with lingering feelings of anger, bitterness, or resentment in response to interpersonal grievances. The current project sought to compare the effects of cognitive reappraisal and needs identification interventions on lingering anger while determining whether intervention effects occur through shared or distinct mechanisms of change. Using an experimental, therapy-analogue design, 197 undergraduate participants (Study 1) completed a brief, self-guided online intervention involving either anger rumination (comparison condition), cognitive reappraisal, or needs identification. This design was replicated in a clinical sample of 31 participants (Study 2) who were recruited from local mental health clinics using the same …
Understanding Maternal Depressive Symptoms And Aggression In Young Children: An Affective Dyadic Systems Approach, Lerna Hanceroglu
Understanding Maternal Depressive Symptoms And Aggression In Young Children: An Affective Dyadic Systems Approach, Lerna Hanceroglu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Parent-child interactions have been examined to understand the trajectory of childhood aggression into adolescence and beyond. Maternal depressive symptoms have been considered as an influential factor in the development and continued trajectory of aggressive behaviours. In addition, aggressive children can influence maternal depressive symptoms and parenting behaviours that subsequently increase the risk of aggression in children. To understand the unique emotional patterns that occurs within parent-child interactions in these at-risk populations, the present study examined the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and child aggression through a dynamic systems approach. Participants were 105 and mothers and their children aged 3 to …
The Role Of Anxiety Sensitivity In The Etiology Of Anxiety And Cognitive Symptoms Of Eating Disorders, Rachel Small-Crevier
The Role Of Anxiety Sensitivity In The Etiology Of Anxiety And Cognitive Symptoms Of Eating Disorders, Rachel Small-Crevier
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study examined common genetic and environmental contributions to the etiology of anxiety sensitivity, cognitive symptoms of eating disorders, and anxiety severity in a community sample of adolescents. I leveraged data from the Twins Early Development Study, a longitudinal epidemiological study of mono- and dizygotic twins born in England and Wales between 1994 and 1996. At age 16, families of twins (n=5,111) were assessed for anxiety sensitivity, cognitive symptoms of eating disorders (i.e., felt fat, fear of gaining weight, weight- and shape-influences thoughts about self), and anxiety severity. Strong phenotypic correlations among the four cognitive symptoms of eating disorder …