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Articles 1 - 30 of 36
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
The Role Of Emotional Labor In Performance Appraisal: Are Supervisors Getting Into The Act?, Samantha A. Ritchie, Allison L. O'Malley
The Role Of Emotional Labor In Performance Appraisal: Are Supervisors Getting Into The Act?, Samantha A. Ritchie, Allison L. O'Malley
Alison L. O'Malley
Researchers have issued a call for research on emotional labor to move beyond service roles to other organizational roles (Ashforth & Humphrey, 1993). The present paper proposes that emotional labor plays a pivotal role during performance feedback exchanges between supervisors and subordinates. We suggest that the emotional labor supervisors engage in while providing performance feedback is a vital mechanism by which leaders impact followers' perceptions of the feedback environment (Steelman, Levy, & Snell, 2004) and, subsequently, important outcomes (e.g., employee satisfaction with the feedback, motivation to use feedback, feedback seeking frequency, and LMX quality).
The Relational Ecology Of Identification: How Organizational Identification Emerges When Individuals Hold Divergent Values, Marya Besharov
The Relational Ecology Of Identification: How Organizational Identification Emerges When Individuals Hold Divergent Values, Marya Besharov
Marya Besharov
This research builds on theory about how identification develops when members differ in which organizational values they hold to be important. It is relatively well established that conflict and dis-identification arise under such conditions. In the socially responsible retail company I studied, in contrast, I found identification as well as dis-identification. Both outcomes emerged from members’ interactions with others whose values and behaviors differed from their own. Identification arose when managers interpreted and enacted organizational values for frontline employees by developing integrative solutions, removing ideology, and routinizing ideology. Dis-identification developed in the absence of these practices. The resulting process model …
The Story Of Taste: Using Eegs And Self-Reports To Understand Consumer Choice, Charnetta Brown, Adriane B. Randolph, Janée N. Burkhalter
The Story Of Taste: Using Eegs And Self-Reports To Understand Consumer Choice, Charnetta Brown, Adriane B. Randolph, Janée N. Burkhalter
Adriane B. Randolph
The authors investigate consumers’ willingness to switch from a preferred manufacturer brand to an unfamiliar private-label brand if taste is perceived as identical. Consumer decisions are examined through recordings of electrical brain activity in the form of electroencephalograms (EEGs) and self-reported data captured in surveys. Results reveal a willingness of consumers to switch to a less-expensive brand when the quality is perceived to be the same as the more expensive counterpart. Cost saving options for consumers and advertising considerations for managers are discussed.
Esochoice: The Self-Manipulation Of Tastes By Chameleonic Decision Makers, Brian J. Gibbs
Esochoice: The Self-Manipulation Of Tastes By Chameleonic Decision Makers, Brian J. Gibbs
Brian J. Gibbs
No abstract provided.
Factors Affecting The Acquisition And Transfer Of Novel Attribute Relationships To New Product Categories, Stewart Shapiro, Mark Spence, Jennifer Gregan-Paxton
Factors Affecting The Acquisition And Transfer Of Novel Attribute Relationships To New Product Categories, Stewart Shapiro, Mark Spence, Jennifer Gregan-Paxton
Mark Spence
This article investigates two factors posited to affect consumers' ability to learn a novel attribute relationship (e.g., "no pesticides → USDA organic symbol") and apply this recently acquired knowledge when making judgments in a new product category. The first factor concerns the nature of the attribute encoding process and, in particular, whether it allows for comparison of examples. The second factor focuses on the relationship between the learning and transfer domains, and examines the influence of perceptual similarity (manipulated two ways: similarity in the elements comprising the attribute relationships, and similarity between the base and target domains) on the transfer …
Human Resource Practices In Hong Kong And Singapore: The Impact Of Political Forces And Imitation Proceses, James Shaw, Paul Kirkbride, Sara Tang, Cynthia Fisher
Human Resource Practices In Hong Kong And Singapore: The Impact Of Political Forces And Imitation Proceses, James Shaw, Paul Kirkbride, Sara Tang, Cynthia Fisher
James B Shaw
This study examined the influence of political forces and imitation processes on HR practices in local and foreign firms in Singapore and Hong Kong. Hong Kong has long practised a policy of positive non-interventionism while Singapore's government has taken a far more interventionist role not only on broad issues of economic policy but on HRM activities as well. Singapore's government has focused heavily on productivity improvement, including the development of incentive pay systems and more effective performance appraisal systems. Singapore firms use more extensive personnel selection procedures and more sophisticated methods of assessing employee performance and determining wage rates. On …
Organizational And Environmental Factors Related To Hrm Practices In Hong Kong: A Cross-Cultural Expanded Replication, James Shaw, Sara Tang, Cynthia Fisher, Paul Kirkbride
Organizational And Environmental Factors Related To Hrm Practices In Hong Kong: A Cross-Cultural Expanded Replication, James Shaw, Sara Tang, Cynthia Fisher, Paul Kirkbride
James B Shaw
Data were collected from 151 Hong Kong organizations to determine the relationship between culture, firm size, level of unionization and presence of an HRM department, and human resource management (HR) practices. Culture was a relatively weak predictor of HR practices. Existence of an HRM department and level of unionization were moderate predictors while firm size and the existence of a specialized training unit within the HRM department were the strongest predictors of HR practices.
Multiple Institutional Logics In Organizations: Explaining Their Varied Nature And Implication, Marya Besharov, Wendy K. Smith
Multiple Institutional Logics In Organizations: Explaining Their Varied Nature And Implication, Marya Besharov, Wendy K. Smith
Marya Besharov
Multiple institutional logics present a theoretical puzzle. While scholars recognize their increasing prevalence within organizations, research offers conflicting perspectives on their implications, causing confusion and inhibiting deeper understanding. In response, we propose a framework that delineates types of logic multiplicity within organizations, and we link these types with different outcomes. Our framework categorizes organizations in terms of logic compatibility and logic centrality and explains how field, organizational, and individual factors influence these two dimensions. We illustrate the value of our framework by showing how it helps explain the varied implications of logic multiplicity for internal conflict. By providing insight into …
Mindfulness At Work: Antecedents And Consequences Of Employee Awareness And Absent-Mindedness, Jochen Reb, Jayanth Narayanan, Zhi Wei Ho
Mindfulness At Work: Antecedents And Consequences Of Employee Awareness And Absent-Mindedness, Jochen Reb, Jayanth Narayanan, Zhi Wei Ho
Jochen Reb
The present study examines antecedents and consequences of two aspects of mindfulness in a work setting: employee awareness and employee absent-mindedness. Using two samples, the study found these two aspects of mindfulness to be beneficially associated with employee well-being, as measured by emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and psychological need satisfaction, and with job performance, as measured by task performance, organizational citizenship behaviors, and deviance. These results suggest a potentially important role of mindfulness at the workplace. The study also found that organizational constraints and organizational support predicted employee mindfulness, pointing to the important role that the organizational environment may play …
The Influence Of Mindful Attention On Value Claiming In Distributive Negotiations: Evidence From Four Laboratory Experiments, Jochen Reb, Jayanth Narayanan
The Influence Of Mindful Attention On Value Claiming In Distributive Negotiations: Evidence From Four Laboratory Experiments, Jochen Reb, Jayanth Narayanan
Jochen Reb
We examined the effect of mindful attention on negotiation outcomes in distributive negotiations across four experiments. In Studies 1 and 2, participants who performed a short mindful attention exercise prior to the negotiation claimed a larger share of the bargaining zone than the control condition participants they negotiated with. Study 3 replicated this finding using a different manipulation of mindful attention. Study 4 again replicated this result and also found that mindful negotiators were more satisfied with both the outcome and the process of the negotiation. We discuss theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future directions.
Validation Of The Employment Hope Scale: Measuring Psychological Self-Sufficiency Among Low-Income Jobseekers, Philip Young P. Hong, Joshua R. Polanin, Terri D. Pigott
Validation Of The Employment Hope Scale: Measuring Psychological Self-Sufficiency Among Low-Income Jobseekers, Philip Young P. Hong, Joshua R. Polanin, Terri D. Pigott
Philip Hong
The Employment Hope scale (EHS) was designed to measure the empowerment-based self-sufficiency (SS) outcome among low-income job-seeking clients. This measure captures the psychological SS dimension as opposed to the more commonly used economic SS in workforce development and employment support practice. The study validates the EHS and reports its psychometric properties. Method: An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted using an agency data from the Cara Program in Chicago, United States. The principal axis factor extraction process was employed to identify the factor structure. Results: EFA resulted in a 13-item two-factor structure with Factor 1 representing “Psychological Empowerment” and Factor …
Make My Memory: How Advertising Can Change Our Memories Of The Past, Kathryn A. Braun, Rhiannon Ellis, Elizabeth F. Loftus
Make My Memory: How Advertising Can Change Our Memories Of The Past, Kathryn A. Braun, Rhiannon Ellis, Elizabeth F. Loftus
Kathryn A. LaTour
Marketers use autobiographical advertising as a means to create nostalgia for their products. This research explores whether such referencing can cause people to believe that they had experiences as children that are mentioned in the ads. In Experiment 1, participants viewed an ad for Disney that suggested that they shook hands with Mickey Mouse as a child. Relative to controls, the ad increased their confidence that they personally had shaken hands with Mickey as a child at a Disney resort. The increased confidence could be due to a revival of a true memory or the creation of a new, false …
Coke Is It: How Stories In Childhood Memories Illuminate An Icon, Kathryn A. Latour, Michael S. Latour, George M. Zinkhan
Coke Is It: How Stories In Childhood Memories Illuminate An Icon, Kathryn A. Latour, Michael S. Latour, George M. Zinkhan
Kathryn A. LaTour
This paper builds on consumer storytelling theory and childhood memory research by proposing that earliest childhood memory stories are useful for developing brand myths and providing relevance to iconic brands. This article investigates consumers' childhood memories with Coca-Cola and finds that memories from early childhood are more predictive and insightful for understanding current brand attitudes than memories coming from adolescence. A focus group is unable to elicit memories from as early in life as the childhood memory session. In addition, the memories elicited by the group interviewer are not as relevant and meaningful to participants. When participants read experiences coming …
Mood, Information Congruency, And Overload, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour, Nancy M. Puccinelli, Fred W. Mast
Mood, Information Congruency, And Overload, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour, Nancy M. Puccinelli, Fred W. Mast
Kathryn A. LaTour
Marketers seek new ways of gaining attention in our age of information bombardment, and one popular way has been to utilize schema-incongruent language. The present article investigates how a common situational factor–consumer mood–influences consumers' ability to process incongruent information in an information overload environment. Two experiments find positive mood increases (and negative mood decreases) consumers' ability to respond to incongruent information. Both experiments utilize computer reaction tests on healthy adult consumers; the first uses the Stroop test, the second uses the IAT (Implicit Association Test). This article discusses the implications of the findings for marketers attempting to gain consumers attention …
Advertising's Misinformation Effect, Kathryn A. Braun, Elizabeth F. Loftus
Advertising's Misinformation Effect, Kathryn A. Braun, Elizabeth F. Loftus
Kathryn A. LaTour
This research explores whether post-experience advertising alters information learned in a consumer's direct experience. An advertising misinformation effect was obtained for colour memory of a previously seen candy bar wrapper upon both visual and verbal misinformation. However, the misleading visual information produced more ‘remember’ judgements than misleading verbal information. This advertising misinformation effect did not dissipate when the source was discredited. We found that such memory changes can be directly linked to consumer subjective judgements and choices when the misleading information is particularly salient. Not only do these findings constitute a novel generalizability of the misinformation effect, they also have …
Positive Mood And Susceptibility To False Advertising, Michael S. Latour, Kathryn A. Latour
Positive Mood And Susceptibility To False Advertising, Michael S. Latour, Kathryn A. Latour
Kathryn A. LaTour
This paper examines the impact of mood on consumers' implicit and explicit responses to false advertising. In our first experiment, we find that those consumers in a positive (versus a negative or neutral) mood state are more likely to notice the false information in the advertising, but paradoxically, are also likely to develop positive feelings toward the brand. In that experiment, we used both a hedonic brand (Disney) and a hedonic/emotional ad (autobiographical). In our second experiment, we extend the ad stimulus context beyond Disney to Wendy's to more readily facilitate autobiographical versus informational manipulations. We find that, indeed, the …
Digging Deeper: Art Museums In Las Vegas?, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour, Flavia Hendler, Rom Hendler
Digging Deeper: Art Museums In Las Vegas?, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour, Flavia Hendler, Rom Hendler
Kathryn A. LaTour
[Excerpt] Las Vegas has been called the “city of reinvention” (Douglass and Raento 2003). Part of its more recent reinvention efforts has included the opening of five fine-art venues. However, one of the art museums––the Las Vegas Guggenheim––was shut down in its first year due to low attendance; another, the Bellagio Fine Art Gallery, has seen attendance dwindle (Schemeligian 2004). The question addressed here is whether the museums are bringing the intended intangible benefits to the host resort, or whether the sales and attendance figures represent overall disinterest. More broadly one considers the potential “fit” between sin-city and the high-art …
Memory Change: An Intimate Measure Of Persuasion, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour, Gerald Zaltman
Memory Change: An Intimate Measure Of Persuasion, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour, Gerald Zaltman
Kathryn A. LaTour
A major goal for advertising is to have an enduring emotional impact on an audience by facilitating their creation of personally relevant understandings of an advertisement. This is achieved through a process of cocreation in which consumers integrate advertising content with their own attitudes, beliefs, and values to produce the meaning of an advertisement. This article proposes an approach to evaluating advertisements that builds on the reconstructive nature of memory, the dominant view of memory today. The reconstructive view of memory holds that the memory for the same event is different each time it is recalled and that the person …
The Impact Of Program Context On Motivational System Activation And Subsequent Effects On Processing A Fear Appeal, Robert F. Potter, Michael S. Latour, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour
The Impact Of Program Context On Motivational System Activation And Subsequent Effects On Processing A Fear Appeal, Robert F. Potter, Michael S. Latour, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour
Kathryn A. LaTour
This manuscript reports three experiments investigating the impact of television programming context on the processing of a fear-appeal message. This is done using a dual-motivation system theory conceptualizing emotion as arising from activation of the appetitive and/or aversive motivational systems. Results show that, as predicted, sad programming activates viewers' aversive motivational systems, whereas comedic programming activates their appetitive motivational systems. Furthermore, by activating these systems through programming context, we were able to predict both retrospective self-report and real-time physiological reactions to a persuasive message employing a fear-appeal strategy. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, as are suggestions for future experiments …
Assessing The Long-Term Impact Of A Consistent Advertising Campaign On Consumer Memory, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour, Michael S. Latour
Assessing The Long-Term Impact Of A Consistent Advertising Campaign On Consumer Memory, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour, Michael S. Latour
Kathryn A. LaTour
How effective is an advertising campaign that has consistently used the same theme since consumers' early childhood? To answer that question one has to consider the effect the campaign has had on consumers' memory. This research begins by discussing the structure of memory and schematic processes that occur when similar or related information is presented over time. Evidence is reviewed which suggests that early exposure would be critical in the brand schema's development. An experiment that tests the strength of the brand schema in a competitive environment and a survey that explores the importance of time of initial exposure to …
Transforming Consumer Experience: When Timing Matters, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour, Michael S. Latour
Transforming Consumer Experience: When Timing Matters, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour, Michael S. Latour
Kathryn A. LaTour
How advertising can influence or change consumers' product experience has been a topic of great interest to marketers. The majority of research has suggested that advertising received prior to an experience can exert the most influence. In 1999, however, Braun introduced the concept of reconstructive memory, and demonstrated that advertising received after an experience can alter how consumers remember their experience. The issue of which order of framing of an experience through advertising is most influential on consumer memory has not yet been investigated. A constructive memory framework that can take into account both forward- and backward-framing effects and an …
I’Ll Have What She’S Having: Gauging The Impact Of Product Placements On Viewers, Sharmistha Law, Kathryn A. Braun
I’Ll Have What She’S Having: Gauging The Impact Of Product Placements On Viewers, Sharmistha Law, Kathryn A. Braun
Kathryn A. LaTour
Product placement in TV shows is becoming increasingly common, yet little is known about its effectiveness nor even how to define and measure such effectiveness. This research examined the effectiveness of product placement with the use of two different types of measures: explicit measures that tap memory directly (with the use of a recognition and recall task), and an implicit measure that measures the effect of exposure on product choice indirectly. It was hypothesized that the ability of product placement to enhance memory and choice may be mediated by distinct mechanisms. The results showed an overall enhancement in product recall, …
How And When Advertising Can Influence Memory For Consumer Experience, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour, Michael S. Latour, Jacqueline E. Pickrell, Elizabeth F. Loftus
How And When Advertising Can Influence Memory For Consumer Experience, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour, Michael S. Latour, Jacqueline E. Pickrell, Elizabeth F. Loftus
Kathryn A. LaTour
Recent "paradigm shifting" research in consumer behavior dealing with reconstructive memory processes suggests that advertising can exert a powerful retroactive effect on how consumers remember their past experiences with a product. Building on this stream of research, we have executed three studies that incorporate the use of false cues with the aim of shedding new light on how post-experience advertising exerts influence on recollection. Our first experiment investigates an important but yet unexplored issue to advertisers who are perhaps reticent about embracing this paradigm: Does the false cue fundamentally change how consumers process information? After finding that when the false …
Is A Cigar Just A Cigar? A Glimpse At The New-Age Cigar Consumer, Michael S. Latour, Tony L. Henthorne, Kathryn A. Latour
Is A Cigar Just A Cigar? A Glimpse At The New-Age Cigar Consumer, Michael S. Latour, Tony L. Henthorne, Kathryn A. Latour
Kathryn A. LaTour
[Excerpt] Cigar smoking is once again in vogue. While no longer at "fad" levels (Freccia, Jacobsen, and Kilby 2003), imports of quality hand-made cigars rose at almost double-digit rates during 2002 (Savona 2003) following several years of basically flat sales. The continuing strong demand for high-quality cigars appears to fly in the face of an anti-smoking, health-conscious society. Cigar consumption has persistently occupied the attention of high-profile individuals ranging from members of the entertainment industry to the political arena to the corner bar. Cigar smoking is again in fashion. Why has this happened? What does this mean? What do cigars …
Postexperience Advertising Effects On Consumer Memory, Kathryn A. Braun
Postexperience Advertising Effects On Consumer Memory, Kathryn A. Braun
Kathryn A. LaTour
Past research suggests that marketing communications create expectations that influence the way consumers subsequently learn from their product experiences. Since postexperience information can also be important and is widespread for established goods and services, it is appropriate to ask about the cognitive effects of these efforts. The postexperience advertising situation is conceptualized here as an instant source-forgetting problem where the language and imagery from the recently presented advertising become confused with consumers’ own experiential memories. It is suggested that, through a reconstructive memory process, this advertising information affects how and what consumers remember. Consumers may come to believe that their …
Tourist Memory Distortion, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour, Melissa J. Grinley, Elizabeth F. Loftus
Tourist Memory Distortion, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour, Melissa J. Grinley, Elizabeth F. Loftus
Kathryn A. LaTour
Tourists' memories of prior vacation experiences are an important source of information as they, their family, and their friends make future travel plans. However, those memories may be distorted by other types of information to which the tourists are exposed after they visit, such as advertising and other tourists' memory stories. In the present article, we utilize the false memory paradigm from cognitive psychology to assess whether external information sources can distort how tourists remember their own past. We end with a discussion of the implications of our results for tourism research and propose some future areas for investigation.
Bridging Aficionados’ Perceptual And Conceptual Knowledge To Enhance How They Learn From Experience, Kathryn A. Latour, Michael S. Latour
Bridging Aficionados’ Perceptual And Conceptual Knowledge To Enhance How They Learn From Experience, Kathryn A. Latour, Michael S. Latour
Kathryn A. LaTour
The aficionado consumer is one who consumes and enjoys a hedonic product regularly but has failed to obtain product expertise from his/her many experiences. We conceptualize the aficionado as having asymmetric perceptual and conceptual knowledge and posit that when these two types of knowledge are bridged with a sensory consumption vocabulary, the aficionados are better able to learn from their experiences. In experiment 1, we find that providing aficionados a cross-modal learning tool (wine aroma wheel) during their tasting helps them strengthen their experiential memory and withstand influence from misleading marketing communications. We also find that when aficionados are presented …
Using Childhood Memory To Gain Insight Into Brand Meaning, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour, Michael S. Latour, George M. Zinkhan
Using Childhood Memory To Gain Insight Into Brand Meaning, Kathryn A. Braun-Latour, Michael S. Latour, George M. Zinkhan
Kathryn A. LaTour
In this article, the authors introduce the concept that people's earliest and defining product memories can be used as a projective tool to help managers more fully understand consumers' relationships to their products. The authors use a study on three generations of automobile consumers to illustrate how these memories symbolize the consumer-brand relationship and how they can be used to gain insights into brand meaning. The findings indicate that people's earliest and defining experiences have an important influence on current and future preferences in predictable ways across the consumer life cycle. These memory experiences are symbolic to the consumer and …
Is That A Finger In My Chili: Using Affective Advertising For Postcrisis Brand Repair, Kathryn A. Latour, Michael S. Latour, Elizabeth F. Loftus
Is That A Finger In My Chili: Using Affective Advertising For Postcrisis Brand Repair, Kathryn A. Latour, Michael S. Latour, Elizabeth F. Loftus
Kathryn A. LaTour
A study of the effects of reconstructive memory points the way to dealing with the damage to a business’s reputation that follows an instance of negative publicity. The study contradicts the commonly held myth that it is best to avoid communicating for a time and let consumers “forget” an unfortunate incident. Instead, given what is now known about reconstructive memory processes, the crisis situation can be used as a means to reestablish a relationship with consumers. This research investigation proposes that postcrisis communication efforts should be focused on emotionally connecting with consumers via autobiographical-referencing advertising. Moreover, although the study focuses …
A Voice Is Worth A Thousand Words: The Implications Of The Micro-Coding Of Social Signals In Speech For Trust Research, Benjamin Waber, Michele Williams, John Carroll, Alex Pentland
A Voice Is Worth A Thousand Words: The Implications Of The Micro-Coding Of Social Signals In Speech For Trust Research, Benjamin Waber, Michele Williams, John Carroll, Alex Pentland
Michele Williams
While self-report measures are often highly reliable for field research on trust (Mayer and Davis, 1999), subjects often cannot complete surveys during real time interactions. In contrast, the social signals that are embedded in the non-linguistic elements of conversations can be captured in real time and extracted with the assistance of computer coding. This chapter seeks to understand how computer-coded social signals are related to interpersonal trust.