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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Sensitivity To Change Of The Behavior And Symptom Identification Scale (Basis-32), Christopher S. Corbett
Sensitivity To Change Of The Behavior And Symptom Identification Scale (Basis-32), Christopher S. Corbett
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
With the increased demand for evidence based mental health interventions, there has been an increased need for comprehensive ways to determine the validity of certain measures used to measure therapy effectiveness. The Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale (BASIS-32) is one of the most widely used measures for measuring therapy outcomes. This study was conducted on the BASIS-32 investigating the validity of the instrument, not only on the overall and subtest level, but also on the item level. This study is particular in that it also measured the validity of the instrument in being sensitive to client reported change over time. …
Study Of Executive Functioning Training In Adolescents Diagnosed With Autism, Jessica Postil
Study Of Executive Functioning Training In Adolescents Diagnosed With Autism, Jessica Postil
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
This study investigated the effectiveness of a manualized executive functioning training program used with adolescents diagnosed with autism. Three male adolescents were trained on executive function activities using a combination of Applied Behavioral Analysis and executive functioning activities. Training programs were administered individually, lasting for 2 hours per day for 20 days. Participants were tested 1 month before training, 1 week before treatment, immediately after training and at a one-month follow-up. Significant improvements were seen in performance on executive functioning tasks that required motor speed, verbal fluency, monitoring, predicting, planning and organization skills. Significant changes in the participant’s adaptive behavior …
Using Virtual Reality Enhanced Behavioral Skills Training To Teach Street-Crossing Skills To Children And Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Tina R. Goldsmith
Using Virtual Reality Enhanced Behavioral Skills Training To Teach Street-Crossing Skills To Children And Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Tina R. Goldsmith
Dissertations
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) often have poor safety skills due to their insensitivity to subtle environmental cues and poor problem solving in the face of stressful tasks. These skill deficits threaten their physical well-being and limit their personal independence. An effective intervention model for teaching safety skills is behavioral skills training (BST). The effects of this 4-part intervention, which includes Instructions, Modeling, Rehearsal, and Feedback, improve with the addition of in situ training. However, creating realistic, safe, and logistically feasible contexts for rehearsal of skills may prove difficult, if not impossible. Virtual reality (VR) may present a solution. …
Evaluation Of A Progressive Model For Identifying Preferred Stimuli For Children With Developmental Disabilities, Amanda M. Karsten
Evaluation Of A Progressive Model For Identifying Preferred Stimuli For Children With Developmental Disabilities, Amanda M. Karsten
Dissertations
Preference assessments for individuals with disabilities differ along many dimensions, including time requirements for implementation and probability of identifying a hierarchy of relative preferences. Some methods of assessment are also more conducive to use with individuals who exhibit problem behavior or certain prerequisite skills. Inaccurate results and loss of valuable treatment time are among the risks associated with selecting ineffective or unnecessarily lengthy procedures. The purpose of the current investigation was to evaluate a progressive model for conducting preference assessments which incorporates many of the aforementioned considerations. Concurrent-operant reinforcer evaluations were used to verify assessment findings. Based on 17 participants …
A Comparison Of Maintenance-Training Methods For Children Diagnosed With Autism, Nicholas L. Weatherly
A Comparison Of Maintenance-Training Methods For Children Diagnosed With Autism, Nicholas L. Weatherly
Dissertations
The current study evaluated the effects of two different maintenance-training methods and one control condition on skill maintenance within a public-school classroom for children diagnosed with autism. The two training methods involved the use of either a continuous-reinforcement schedule or a thinned partial-reinforcement schedule during 20 overlearning training sessions following skill acquisition. The control condition did not involve any overlearning following skill acquisition. Three children were each taught two curricular programs, with each program involving the two training methods and the control condition using a multielement design. Overlearning using a thinned partial-reinforcement schedule reliably produced greater maintenance across all participants, …
An Evaluation Of Preference For Modeling Interventions, Kaneen B. Geiger
An Evaluation Of Preference For Modeling Interventions, Kaneen B. Geiger
Masters Theses
Video modeling is an instructional technique demonstrated to effectively increase social skills, academic skills, daily living skills and play skills of children with autism. There are several hypotheses for why video modeling is effective. One hypothesis is that children with autism prefer watching videos to looking at people, thereby enhancing motivation and making attending to the video model automatically reinforcing, however, preference for video has not been experimentally examined. This study assessed participants' preference for either video modeling or in vivo modeling using a concurrent-chains arrangement. None of the three participants showed a preference for either video modeling or in …
An Investigation Of Determinism And Chaotic Behavior In Flight Performance Data: A Chaos Theory And Nonlinear Time Series Analysis Approach, Lionel Blankson Amanfu
An Investigation Of Determinism And Chaotic Behavior In Flight Performance Data: A Chaos Theory And Nonlinear Time Series Analysis Approach, Lionel Blankson Amanfu
Master's Theses - Daytona Beach
Human flight performance data were investigated using non-linear time series analysis methods to determine deterministic chaotic behavior in the data. Using a sequence of steps of non-linear methods, four flight performance data were used to investigate for the existence of deterministic chaotic behavior. Results revealed that flight performance data may exhibit chaotic behavior. Results also showed a consistent low determinism value in all the data examined which is the defining characteristic of chaotic behavior. It was also found that the data originated from non-stationary process. The Maximal Lyapunov Exponent (MLE) value which indicate chaotic behavior exist in the data revealed …
Identifying The Most Effective Stimulus To Promote Wayfinding In Elders With Dementia, Allison A. Jay
Identifying The Most Effective Stimulus To Promote Wayfinding In Elders With Dementia, Allison A. Jay
Masters Theses
When nursing home residents with dementia experience difficulty locating their bedroom, it can create problems for other residents and staff. This study investigated the ability of four elders with severe dementia to recognize various self-referent stimuli (i.e., young adulthood photograph, middle adulthood photograph, current photograph, and printed name). Two of the three participants who were able to complete the assessment recognized their photographs from earlier in life and their printed names but were not able to recognize their current photograph. These two residents then participated in an intervention in which the recognized stimuli were posted outside their bedroom doorway during …
The Influence Of Species And Context On Human-Dolphin Interactions, Deirdre Breen Yeater
The Influence Of Species And Context On Human-Dolphin Interactions, Deirdre Breen Yeater
Dissertations
Anthropogenic activities pose a threat to marine mammals around the world. Cetaceans that use coastal waters are at particular risk for potential disturbances caused by vessel traffic and human swimmers. Although many cetacean species are found near the coast of Utila, Honduras, little is known about their behavior or the effects of anthropogenic activities on their behavior. Whether the presence of boats and human swimmers led to short-term changes in dolphin behavior was investigated for three commonly sighted species of dolphins; rough-toothed (Steno bredanensis), spinner (Stenalla longirostris), and bottlenose (Turslops truncatus). The dolphins' behavioral activities, with and without other boats …
Generalization Of Mands For Information Across Establishing Operations, Sarah A. Lechago
Generalization Of Mands For Information Across Establishing Operations, Sarah A. Lechago
Masters Theses
This study sought to extend the developing literature on teaching mands for information by systematically assessing whether they generalize across different EOs. Three children with autism were taught to perform multiple behavior chains, three of which included a common response topography (e.g., "Where is the spoon?") used for different purposes. An interrupted-behavior-chain procedure was used to contrive the EO for each mand. After a mand for information was taught under one EO, the remaining chains were interrupted to determine whether the mand had generalized across EOs. For all three participants, mands for information generalized across EOs. For one participants, a …