Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Psychology Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Applied Behavior Analysis

PDF

2020

Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type

Articles 1 - 30 of 163

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Evaluating Instructional Designs With Mental Workload Assessments In University Classrooms, Luca Longo, Giuliano Orru' Dec 2020

Evaluating Instructional Designs With Mental Workload Assessments In University Classrooms, Luca Longo, Giuliano Orru'

Articles

Cognitive cognitive load theory (CLT) has been conceived for improving instructional design practices. Although researched for many years, one open problem is a clear definition of its cognitive load types and their aggregation towards an index of overall cognitive load. In Ergonomics, the situation is different with plenty of research devoted to the development of robust constructs of mental workload (MWL). By drawing a parallel between CLT and MWL, as well as by integrating relevant theories and measurement techniques from these two fields, this paper is aimed at investigating the reliability, validity and sensitivity of three existing self-reporting mental workload …

Go to article

Variation In Personality Among Semi-Wild Myanmar Timber Elephants, Sateesh Venkatesh Dec 2020

Variation In Personality Among Semi-Wild Myanmar Timber Elephants, Sateesh Venkatesh

Theses and Dissertations

This study examines two personality traits: exploration and neophobia, which could influence human-elephant conflicts. Thirty-one semi-wild elephants were tested over two trials using a custom novel puzzle tube containing three tasks and three rewards. Our studies show that elephants do vary significantly between individuals in both exploration and neophobia.

Go to article

Corporations And The American Polity, Patrick Labossiere Dec 2020

Corporations And The American Polity, Patrick Labossiere

Student Theses and Dissertations

Research on corporate communications’ effects on politics presents an acknowledgement of a relationship between the two topics, leaving a void in the explanation and examination of this topic. The void presents an opening to introduce a conceptual process for how corporations are able to craft communications to influence the American Polity, the democratic social organization within the United States. This research begins with a historical review of how corporations gain prominence in American society, capturing the ability to participate in the democratic social organization of the polity. A qualitative analysis of several conceptual frameworks serves as data, to establish an …

Go to article

The Role Of Family Dynamics In Receiving Autism And Neurodevelopmental Services: A Needs Assessment, Bianca Kalia Dec 2020

The Role Of Family Dynamics In Receiving Autism And Neurodevelopmental Services: A Needs Assessment, Bianca Kalia

Master's Projects and Capstones

This study aims to document the effects an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) diagnosis, or other behavior disturbances has on the family unit as a whole. Through this analysis, we can develop measures that are personalized for the child with autism as well as the caregiver and family unit.

Go to article

Smart Homes For Smart Health: Developing An Interactive System To Reduce In-Home Secondhand Smoke, Christie Kika, Janice Han, Vincent Berardi Dec 2020

Smart Homes For Smart Health: Developing An Interactive System To Reduce In-Home Secondhand Smoke, Christie Kika, Janice Han, Vincent Berardi

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

Smoke from any source is potentially harmful because it contains fine particulate matter that is associated with acute and chronic conditions. Second-hand smoke (SHS) is particularly unsafe for children due to biological characteristics (higher breathing rates, immature lungs and underdeveloped immune systems) that make it difficult to filter toxins.To address this concern, we recently completed Project Fresh Air (PFA), an NIH-funded R01 intervention that installed air particle sensors in the households of tobacco smokers who lived with children. The purpose of our research is to investigate and develop efficient smart home devices that monitor SHS in various living spaces to …

Go to article

المشكلات النفسية والاجتماعية للأطفال المحرومين من الوالدين, Iman Sasy Dec 2020

المشكلات النفسية والاجتماعية للأطفال المحرومين من الوالدين, Iman Sasy

Al Jinan الجنان

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى محاولة التعرف على بعض المشكلات النفسية والاجتماعية لدى الأطفال المحرومين من الوالدين ( أطفال دار رعاية أبي هريدة بطرابلس) وممن يتراوح العمر الزمني لهم بين (-9) سنوات، واقتصرت الدراسة على مشكلتي العدوانية وقلة الانتباه والتركيز. وقد بلغ حجم عينة الدراسة (27) طفلا وطفلة. وتماستخدام مقياس معد مسبقا لقياس أشكال السلوك العدواني لدى الأطفال. وأشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا عند مستوى (0.05) بين المتوسط الحسابي لعينة الدراسة في العدوان المادي والمتوسط النظري لعامل العدوان المادي، وجاءت الفروق في اتجاه المتوسط النظري مما يعني أن مستوى العدوان المادي لدى الأطفال المحرومين من الوالدين أقل من …

Go to article

A Literature Review: Applied Behavior Analysis And Performance; The Past, The Present, And The Future, Molly Patrice Fields Dec 2020

A Literature Review: Applied Behavior Analysis And Performance; The Past, The Present, And The Future, Molly Patrice Fields

MSU Graduate Theses

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and sports performance has been a topic of research since as early as the 1960s. ABA principles and interventions have been used all over in sports from enhancing athlete performance on the field, court, or course, sportsmanlike behaviors off the field, court, or course, and even looking into coaching behaviors. The purpose of this paper is twofold; to assess and analyze the current research for applied behavior analysis and sports and to use what literature is already established and systematically set the framework for future avenues of research and support a strong insert of applied behavior …

Go to article

An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Behavioral Skills Training On A Mindfulness-Based Protocol, Chealsy Darby Dec 2020

An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Behavioral Skills Training On A Mindfulness-Based Protocol, Chealsy Darby

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

This evaluation examined the effects of behavioral skills training on the correct implementation of a mindfulness-based protocol by direct support staff who provide services to adults with intellectual disabilities in a community, residential setting. Participants included two direct support staff who provide services to two different adults with intellectual disabilities who have a mindfulness-based protocol as an intervention for problem behavior described in their behavior support plan. The participants were exposed to a behavioral skills training package and were required to demonstrate mastery criteria of the mindfulness-based protocol as part of their regular job duties. The results of this evaluation …

Go to article

A Four-Session Workshop For Parents Of Children With Autism: Understanding And Managing Challenging Behaviors, And Supporting The Development Of Children With Asd, Vanessa Huizar Dec 2020

A Four-Session Workshop For Parents Of Children With Autism: Understanding And Managing Challenging Behaviors, And Supporting The Development Of Children With Asd, Vanessa Huizar

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Research studies continue to show that being a parent of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents unique challenges for many families including understanding ASD deficits and behaviors, and identifying effective ways to manage these behaviors. Because ASD interventions generally take a behaviorally-based approach, parents tend to lack an understanding of child development, positive child guidance practices, ways to build strong parent-child relationships, and methods to engage in enrichment activities that will support their child’s overall development. The purpose of the current project was to create a parent workshop to help parents of children with ASD: 1) understand the …

Go to article

Confidence Is Sexy And It Can Be Trained: Examining Male Social Confidence In Initial, Opposite-Sex Interactions, Norman P. Li, Jose C. Yong, Ming-Hong Tsai, Mark H. C. Lai, Amy J. Y. Lim, Joshua M. Ackerman Dec 2020

Confidence Is Sexy And It Can Be Trained: Examining Male Social Confidence In Initial, Opposite-Sex Interactions, Norman P. Li, Jose C. Yong, Ming-Hong Tsai, Mark H. C. Lai, Amy J. Y. Lim, Joshua M. Ackerman

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Objective: We investigated whether men's social confidence in an initial, opposite-sex chatting context can be improved through a video tutorial and the extent to which being perceived as socially confident results in being seen as more romantically desirable and worthy of future contact. Method: Women chatted with men who had received or not received a tutorial on how to handle speed-dating chats (Study 1: N = 129; Study 2: N = 60) or with male targets selected for having high versus moderate confidence in handling initial, opposite-sex encounters (Study 3: N = 46). Results: Tutorial-trained men felt more confident going …

Go to article

Mathematics That Clarify Slope & Scale, Help Set Standards, And Improve Interrater Agreement On Time-Series Graphs, Chad Erick Liming Kinney Dec 2020

Mathematics That Clarify Slope & Scale, Help Set Standards, And Improve Interrater Agreement On Time-Series Graphs, Chad Erick Liming Kinney

Theses and Dissertations

This paper introduces new mathematic equations that clarify slope and scale and help overcome difficulties with visually interpreting slopes (or trends)--a significant culprit of poor interrater agreement (IRA) of graphed data. Three experiments tested applications of the equations and demonstrated the following results: (a) Graphic Variability Quotient (GVQ) manipulation strongly predicts viewer ratings (and accuracy) of behavior change, β = .895, R2 = .801, (b) mathematical standards that control the inherent variability in non-standard graphs can be empirically based (to facilitate reliable visual comparison), and (c) visual aids posted on graphs, such as angles of inclination and a simple slope …

Go to article

Evaluating A Graduated Exposure Treatment To Teach Mask Tolerance Among Children With Autism, Hallie Marie Ertel Dec 2020

Evaluating A Graduated Exposure Treatment To Teach Mask Tolerance Among Children With Autism, Hallie Marie Ertel

Theses and Dissertations

Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends that everyone 2 years and older wear a mask while out in a community setting (CDC, 2020a). It is important for children to learn how to tolerate wearing a mask for long durations of time while out in the community. In the current study, which was comprised of 2 experiments, we implemented a graduated exposure procedure to teach mask wearing to 6 children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The purpose of experiment 1 was to evaluate the efficacy of a graduated exposure procedure to teach mask tolerance …

Go to article

A Systematic Quantitative Review Of Effective Implementation Of Self-Monitoring (1983-2020), Mary Louise Lewis Dec 2020

A Systematic Quantitative Review Of Effective Implementation Of Self-Monitoring (1983-2020), Mary Louise Lewis

Theses and Dissertations

A systematic quantitative review was conducted to analyze articles using self-monitoring in the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management (JOBM) from 1983 to present. Specifically, the diversity of characteristics used when implementing a self-monitoring procedure were examined along with the effects produced in order to determine the most effective components of a self-monitoring intervention. Results indicate a combination of other interventions are used substantially more compared to self-monitoring as a sole intervention. Moreover, results from this particular sample of studies demonstrated that a combination of variables led to more consistent effects than when self-monitoring was applied as a sole intervention. However, …

Go to article

Feedback And Social Comparison: The Effects Of Comparing One’S Performance To The Group, Ryan Joseph Walz Dec 2020

Feedback And Social Comparison: The Effects Of Comparing One’S Performance To The Group, Ryan Joseph Walz

Theses and Dissertations

Although feedback has been shown to improve performance, few studies have examined the effect of feedback containing information on peer performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of feedback on individual performance and feedback containing information on peer performance. Three participants were exposed to a no-feedback baseline condition, a standard individual feedback condition, and an individual feedback condition with information on the group’s average performance. The dependent variable was the rate of correct responses on a computer-based simulated work task. Withdrawal designs were used to evaluate the effect of the two types of feedback on performance. …

Go to article

Stay Mindful And Carry On: Mindfulness Neutralizes Covid-19 Stressors On Work Engagement Via Sleep Duration, Michelle Xue Zheng, Theodore Charles Masters-Waage, Jingxian Yao, Yichen Lu, Noriko Tan, Jayanth Narayanan Dec 2020

Stay Mindful And Carry On: Mindfulness Neutralizes Covid-19 Stressors On Work Engagement Via Sleep Duration, Michelle Xue Zheng, Theodore Charles Masters-Waage, Jingxian Yao, Yichen Lu, Noriko Tan, Jayanth Narayanan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We examine whether mindfulness can neutralize the negative impact of COVID-19 stressors on employees' sleep duration and work engagement. In Study 1, we conducted a field experiment in Wuhan, China during the lockdown between February 20, 2020, and March 2, 2020, in which we induced state mindfulness by randomly assigning participants to either a daily mindfulness practice or a daily mind-wandering practice. Results showed that the sleep duration of participants in the mindfulness condition, compared with the control condition, was less impacted by COVID-19 stressors (i.e., the increase of infections in the community). In Study 2, in a 10-day daily …

Go to article

Personality And Mood For Non-Player Characters: A Method For Behavior Simulation In A Maze Environment, Noah L. Paige Dec 2020

Personality And Mood For Non-Player Characters: A Method For Behavior Simulation In A Maze Environment, Noah L. Paige

Master's Theses

When it comes to video games, immersion is key. All types of games aim to keep the player immersed in some form or another. A common aspect of the immersive world in most role-playing games -- but not exclusive to the genre -- is the non-playable character (NPC). At their best, NPCs play an integral role to the sense of immersion the player feels by behaving in a way that feels believable and fits within the world of the game. However, due to lack of innovation in this area of video games, at their worst NPCs can jar the player …

Go to article

Understanding The Association Between Social Networks, College Student Alcohol Use, And Protective Behavioral Strategy Use And Beliefs, Melissa Roberts Colangelo Dec 2020

Understanding The Association Between Social Networks, College Student Alcohol Use, And Protective Behavioral Strategy Use And Beliefs, Melissa Roberts Colangelo

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems are a growing concern for American college students (Jun, Agley, Huang, & Gassman, 2015). Social networks, or peer groups, have demonstrated predictive associations with college students’ alcohol outcomes (Neighbors, Lee, Lewis, Fossos, & Larimer, 2007). Protective behavioral strategies (PBS), defined as behaviors used to reduce negative alcohol-related consequences, are often assessed as a mechanism of change and predictor of alcohol outcomes (Martens, Taylor, Damann, Page, Mowry, & Cimini, 2004). Still, the association between social networks’ and college students’ own PBS use has yet to be explored. The current study was designed to address this gap …

Go to article

Paranormal Psychology: Psy410, Larry R. Martinez Nov 2020

Paranormal Psychology: Psy410, Larry R. Martinez

PDXOpen: Open Educational Resources

This OER packet contains the course materials for PSY410: Paranormal Psychology. Although often dismissed as a pseudoscience, there are many things we can learn about human beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors by studying phenomena that our current science cannot explain. The course begins with a history of real scientific studies that have been conducted to try and determine whether things like extrasensory perception, telepathy, and telekinesis are real phenomena, with a particular emphasis on what those studies can teach us about the scientific method more generally. This is followed by an examination of things related to the afterlife (e.g., ghosts, mediums, …

Go to article

Stressful Life Events Correlate With Depression Symptoms, Michelle Mercedes Meng Nov 2020

Stressful Life Events Correlate With Depression Symptoms, Michelle Mercedes Meng

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Stressful life events, such as abuse, divorce, or spending time in jail have been known to cause psychological and physical symptoms (Billings, 1982). Previous research has examined the association between the amount of stressful life events and the onset of depression(Kendler, 1999). The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress and depression in a sample of college students. As a part of a larger study, participants (N = 223) completed online questionnaires that measured their exposure to life stressors on the Life Stress Checklist - Revised (Wolfe and Kimerling, 1997) and depression symptoms on the Beck Depression Inventory …

Go to article

Symbolic Forms Of Violence And National Identity Manifested In A Sample Of Drawings By Palestinian Children, Kamel Katloo Nov 2020

Symbolic Forms Of Violence And National Identity Manifested In A Sample Of Drawings By Palestinian Children, Kamel Katloo

Journal of the Arab American University مجلة الجامعة العربية الامريكية للبحوث

The study aimed at investigating the symbolic forms of violence and national identity, which are manifested in a sample of drawings by Palestinian children in order to understand the psychological problems experienced by these children. A group of children's drawings were gathered from 159 students, aged 9, from Al-Fawar Refugee Camp, south of Hebron and the old town of Hebron. The average age of the participants was 9.2 years. The study used the descriptive approach and content analysis method to calculate the validity and consistency of the analysis. The results showed some general characteristics of the drawings, such as curved …

Go to article

Resurgence In Dogs, Monica Jones Nov 2020

Resurgence In Dogs, Monica Jones

All NMU Master's Theses

After a long tradition of using aversive training techniques, animal trainers have now widely adopted science-based methods using positive reinforcement. The field of applied behavior analysis routinely employs procedures to preempt problem behaviors by establishing and maintaining more acceptable alternative behaviors. Previous studies have shown that some of these procedures can nevertheless result in recurrence of original problematic behavior once training is completed and reinforcement of the alternative behavior is discontinued, a phenomenon called “resurgence.” Although observed in many species (e.g., rats, fish, and humans), resurgence has not been demonstrated with dogs, one of the most commonly trained animals in …

Go to article

Divided Loyalties: Identity Integration And Cultural Cues Predict Ingroup Favoritism Among Biculturals, Chi-Ying Cheng, Kathrin J. Hanek, Annick C. Odom, Fiona Lee Nov 2020

Divided Loyalties: Identity Integration And Cultural Cues Predict Ingroup Favoritism Among Biculturals, Chi-Ying Cheng, Kathrin J. Hanek, Annick C. Odom, Fiona Lee

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

How do biculturals, or individuals who identify with more than one culture, manage their loyalties between two cultural ingroups? We argue that this process is moderated by Bicultural Identity Integration (BII), or individual differences in perceived conflict between two cultural identities. Two quasi-experiments examined biculturals’ preferences for two competing groups, each representing one of their cultural identities, in response to cultural primes. In Study 1, we found that Flemish-Belgian biculturals with low BII, or those who perceive their cultural identities as conflicting, favored the primed cultural group less than the unprimed cultural group. In Study 2, we found the same …

Go to article

When And Why Narcissists Exhibit Greater Hindsight Bias And Less Perceived Learning, Satoris S. Howes, Edgar E. Kausel, Alexander T. Jackson, Jochen Reb Nov 2020

When And Why Narcissists Exhibit Greater Hindsight Bias And Less Perceived Learning, Satoris S. Howes, Edgar E. Kausel, Alexander T. Jackson, Jochen Reb

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The present research sought to examine the impact of narcissism, prediction accuracy, and should counterfactual thinking—which includes thoughts such as “I should have done something different”—on hindsight bias (the tendency to exaggerate in hindsight what one knew in foresight) and perceived learning. To test these effects, we conducted four studies (total n = 727). First, in Study 1 we examined a moderated mediation model, in which should counterfactual thinking mediates the relation between narcissism and hindsight bias, and this mediation is moderated by prediction accuracy such that the relationship is negative when predictions are accurate and positive when predictions are …

Go to article

Understanding The Relational Implications Of Treating Complex Patients In Integrated Primary Care Settings, Lauren Dennelly Msw, Lcsw, Sarah Bressi Oct 2020

Understanding The Relational Implications Of Treating Complex Patients In Integrated Primary Care Settings, Lauren Dennelly Msw, Lcsw, Sarah Bressi

Population Health

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Behavioral Economic Analysis Of Demand For Hypothetical Work Performance: A Partial Replication, Hifsa Khan Oct 2020

Behavioral Economic Analysis Of Demand For Hypothetical Work Performance: A Partial Replication, Hifsa Khan

McNair Research Journal SJSU

Operant behavioral economics is a field that analyzes human decision making by combining concepts of behavioral psychology and consumer demand theory. A relatively new and effective method of collecting data in behavioral economics is the hypothetical purchase task (HPT), which reveals consumers’ demand for a commodity as price increases by asking participants to respond to hypothetical situations rather than having them work for and consume the commodity. Henley, Reed, Kaplan, and Reed (2016) extended the HPT to create a novel task (the Hypothetical Work Task; HWT) to assess workers’ demand for payment under increasing conditions of work effort. Their study …

Go to article

Full Issue Oct 2020

Full Issue

McNair Research Journal SJSU

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Consumer Social Aspects Towards Online Banking, Allam Mawlawi Oct 2020

Consumer Social Aspects Towards Online Banking, Allam Mawlawi

Al Jinan الجنان

This article mainly investigates the direct critical social aspects that determine the application of online banking in the market place. To be able to accomplish this mission, twelve theories are used to verify these major social aspects that shape this usage. To achieve the paper’s objective, the terms of online banking, consumer behavior and consumer social aspects in relation with these aspects are to be explained below; In addition a diversity of theories regarding this issue will be examined and explained in detail to clarify the core social factors underlining attitude formation toward online banking. This research will be divided …

Go to article

الرشوة وعلاقتها ببعض المتغيرات النفسية والشخصية(دراسة ميدانية في بعض السجون الجزائرية), Bekkal Asma, Jamila Charef Oct 2020

الرشوة وعلاقتها ببعض المتغيرات النفسية والشخصية(دراسة ميدانية في بعض السجون الجزائرية), Bekkal Asma, Jamila Charef

Al Jinan الجنان

The current study sets up to investigate the psychological and social characteristics among the bribe taker in addition to examining its relationship to some psychological, social and behavioral variables. Accordingly, the researchers have administered a battery of standardized psychometric tests concerning self-concept, mental alienation and psychopathic deviance to a sample of 14 bribe takers among individual prisoners who were condemned for bribery crime in addition to a similar sample of individuals who were not concerned by bribery. Their range age varies from 25 and 65. The results of the study revealed that the bribe taker is characterized by a crude …

Go to article

La Délinquance Des Jeunes Libanais Les Effets De La Guerre Civile, Ahmad Alami Oct 2020

La Délinquance Des Jeunes Libanais Les Effets De La Guerre Civile, Ahmad Alami

Al Jinan الجنان

L’objet de cette recherche est de montrer l’effet de la guerre civile qui semble durer toujours sur la délinquance de certains jeunes libanais et sur la "détérioration" des us et coutumes voire du sens civique

Go to article

Social Media Use Improves Executive Functions In Middle-Aged And Older Adults: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis, Shi Ann Shuna Khoo, Hwajin Yang Oct 2020

Social Media Use Improves Executive Functions In Middle-Aged And Older Adults: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis, Shi Ann Shuna Khoo, Hwajin Yang

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Given the paucity of research on the cognitive implications of social media use in middle and late adulthood, we sought to understand the relations between middle-aged and older adults' social media use and their executive functions (EF)—a set of domain-general cognitive control processes—and the underlying mechanism. By analyzing a nationally representative cohort ranging from ages 40s–70s from the MIDUS Refresher Survey and Cognitive Project, we tested a serial mediation model with perception of social support and sense of control (i.e., personal mastery and perceived constraints) as sequential mediators in a structural equation modeling analysis. We found that perceived social support …

Go to article

Next Last