International Relations Commons^™

“Aspectos Jurídicos Del Delito De Trata De Personas En Colombia: Aportes Desde El Derecho Internacional, Derecho Penal Y Las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales”, Andres Barreto, Beatriz Londoño, Antonio Varon, Andrea Mateus

Andres Barreto

La preocupación por el fenómeno de la trata de personas en el escenario internacional ha sido una constante para los Estados desde mediados del siglo XIX. En Colombia la legislación que condena el delito empezó su recorrido desde el Código Penal de 1980, en donde se castigaba con penas de prisión de 2 a 6 años a todo aquel que promoviere la entrada o salida del país de mujer o menor de edad para ejercer la prostitución. Sin embargo, la complejidad de las redes criminales de este crimen transnacional empezó a evidenciar que la trata no solo se cometía sobre …

Nicola Pratt, Democracy And Authoritarianism In The Arab World (London: Lynne Rienner, 2007, 235 Pp.), Mehmet Ozkan

Mehmet OZKAN

No abstract provided.

The Taiwan Question And The One-China Policy: Legal Challenges With Renewed Momentum, Pasha L. Hsieh

Pasha L. HSIEH

No abstract provided.

Learning Purposefully In Capacity Development: Why, What And When To Measure?, Alfredo Ortiz Aragón, Peter Taylor

Alfredo Ortiz Aragón

Many capacity development (CD) programs and processes aim at long‐term sustainable change, which depends on seeing many smaller changes in at times almost invisible fields (rules, incentives, behaviours, power, coordination etc.). Yet, most evaluation processes of CD tend to focus on shortterm outputs focused on clearly visible changes. This opinion paper will offer some ideas on how to deal with this paradox, by examining how monitoring and evaluation (M&E) does, or could, make a difference to CD. It explores whether there is something different and unique about M&E of CD that isn’t addressed by predominant methods and ways of thinking …

De Nederlandse Coin Aanpak: Drie Jaar Uruzgan 2006-2009, George Dimitriu, Beatrice De Graaf

George Dimitriu

Zelden leidde militaire inzet tot zo veel discussie als de missie Task Force Uruzgan (TFU) in Afghanistan. Wat doen de Nederlandse troepen precies in Uruzgan? En hoe hebben ze de strategie de afgelopen twee jaar op het tactische en operationele niveau uitgewerkt en toegepast? Dit artikel behandelt de moeizame discussie over de missie van TFU. Vervolgens nemen de auteurs drie ISAF-operaties onder de loep. De meest complexe en cruciale fase van dergelijke operaties “de fase van consolidatie (hold)“ komt uitvoerig aan de orde. De auteurs bieden een kader om deze schakel in de uitvoering beter te begrijpen. Ze geven zo …

Παρανομίες Στην Yπόθεση Ντάουνερ, Costas M. Constantinou

Costas M. Constantinou

No abstract provided.

Repression And Punishment In North Korea: Survey Evidence Of Prison Camp Experiences, Marcus Noland

Marcus Noland

The penal system has played a central role in the North Korean government's response to the country's profound economic and social changes. Two refugee surveys--one conducted in China, one in South Korea--document its changing role. The regime disproportionately targets politically suspect groups, particularly those involved in market-oriented economic activities. Levels of violence and deprivation do not appear to differ substantially between the infamous political prison camps, penitentiaries for felons, and labor camps used to incarcerate individuals for misdemeanors, including economic crimes. Substantial numbers of those incarcerated report experiencing deprivation with respect to food as well as public executions and other …

The Politics Of Patents And Drugs In Brazil And Mexico: The Industrial Bases Of Health Policies, Kenneth C. Shadlen

Ken Shadlen

After introducing pharmaceutical patents in the 1990s, Brazil subsequently adjusted the patent system to ameliorate its effects on drug prices while Mexico introduced measures that reinforce and intensify these effects. The different trajectories are due to the nature of the actors pushing for reform and subsequent patterns of coalitional formation and political mobilization. In Brazil, government demand for expensive, patented drugs made health-oriented patent reform a priority, and the existence of an autonomous local pharmaceutical sector allowed the Ministry of Health to build a supportive coalition. In Mexico, government demand made reforms less urgent, and transformations of the pharmaceutical sector …

Komsumuz Ame-Irak (Our Neighbor Ame-Iraq), Cuneyt M. Yenigun

Cuneyt M. Yenigun

This article elaborates Iraq's Invasion in 2003 and potential consequences in the country and the region.

"Applying Carl Schmitt To Global Puzzles: Identity, Conflict And The Friend/Enemy Antithesis,", Emma R. Norman

Emma R. Norman

This paper demonstrates the broad appeal and usefulness of the political and legal thought of Carl Schmitt to scholars of international relations by applying his seminal friend-enemy antithesis to current global problems as well as to current IR theories used to negotiate them. I argue that Schmitt’s contemporary appeal lies, first, in his insistence that collective identity is necessarily formed through conflict (enmity); and second, that identity lies at the very base of what motivates behavior on the international stage (at the sub-national, national and transnational levels). By implication, Schmitt’s theories offer some fresh insights into the sources and nature …

Reform From Below: Behavioral And Institutional Change In North Korea, Marcus Noland, Stephan Haggard

Marcus Noland

The state is often conceptualized as playing an enabling role in a country’s economic development—providing public goods, such as the legal protection of property rights, while the political economy of reform is conceived in terms of bargaining over policy among elites or special interest groups. We document a case that turns this perspective on its head: efficiency-enhancing institutional and behavioral changes arising not out of a conscious, top-down program of reform, but rather as unintended (and in some respects, unwanted) by-products of state failure. Responses from a survey of North Korean refugees demonstrate that the North Korean economy marketized in …

Reordering Diplomatic Theory For The Twenty-First Century: A Tripartite Approach, Stuart Murray

Stuart Murray

The central aim of this thesis is to deconstruct and reconstruct the dominant theoretical perceptions of diplomacy, by reworking radically existing theories of diplomacy. This thesis achieves reconceptualisation of diplomatic theory by critiquing the thoughts and ideas of theorists postulating on modern diplomacy. Consequently, this thesis is concerned (largely) with the theoretical terrain of diplomacy studies. The purpose of this intended deconstruction and reconstruction is to introduce and construct three lucid types of diplomatic theory. These three types or categories introduced in this thesis are Traditional, Nascent and Innovative Diplomatic Theory. By categorising these three distinct types of theories, it …

Moving Beyond Islam And Human Rights: Review Of Akbarzadeh & Macqueen's 'Islam And Human Rights', Anthony Chase

Anthony Chase

No abstract provided.

Interpreting Worldviews And Theories Of Change On Capacity Development Of Social Change Organizations, Alfredo Ortiz Aragón

Alfredo Ortiz Aragón

No abstract provided.

Hacking Nuclear Command And Control, Jason Fritz

Jason Fritz

No abstract provided.

Russian Energy Strategy And Transit Routes In Eastern Europe, Aleksander Kotlowski

Aleksander Kotlowski

The article considers perceptions of the new Russian energy policy in Eastern Europe with a particular focus on the Polish perspective. It explains the regional reservations to Russo-German cooperation on the Nord Stream Pipeline project. Then, it summarises the view of the Russian-Ukrainian gas disputes. The paper discusses Poland’s energy security policy and conflicting expectations concerning the Yamal-Europe Gas Pipeline. Attempts to develop new energy alliances and a regional energy security policy towards Russia are further presented together with the joint energy projects in Eastern Europe such as Odessa-Brody, Amber Stream, Skanled and Baltic Pipe, as well as Mazeikiu Refinery …

The Politics Of Exceptionalism In Turkey: Sovereign Ban And State (In)Security In The War On Terror, Murat Yesiltas

Murat Yesiltas

In this paper, I will analysis the link between political ontology of exceptionalism and state in/security in the war on terror from a perspective which is based on Giorgio Agamben’s political-philosophical theory of “state of exception” and Foucauldian concept of governmentality”. This paper introduces an analytical and methodological term of “governmentality of exception” [Agamben, 1998; Foucault, 1991] in order to understand/interpret unpack the concept of state in/security and to analyse its rational, conceptual and institutional components. This paper asks a central question: what is the nature of the relationship between state in/security and the politics of exceptionalism in contemporary Turkey’s …

Ongeoorloofde Pressiemiddelen Tijdens Ondervraging In Extreme Situaties: Moraliteit, Effectiviteit En Efficiëntie, George Dimitriu

George Dimitriu

The paper is about the question whether alleged terrorists or insurgents in certain circumstances should be tortured. Does it yield any results? Is it effective? Paper in Dutch.

In veel landen, waaronder ook westerse, worden pressiemiddelen gebruikt bij ondervragingen vangevangenen. Sinds de aanslagen op 11 september 2001 in de Verenigde Staten en de ‘War on Terror’is de discussie over het toepassen van pressiemiddelen weer actueel. Ernstige schendingen van mensen-rechten door Amerikaanse militairen op Guantanamo Bay kwamen aan het licht. Wat zijn de morele argumenten om ongeoorloofde pressiemiddelen toe te staan dan wel te verbieden? Welke juridische kaders zijn er? En …

"Who Are You Wearing?" Using The Red Carpet Question Pedagogically, Jon D. Carlson

Jon D. Carlson

No abstract provided.

Change In The International Political Economy As A Business Opportunity, Jonathan Ping

Jonathan H. Ping

No abstract provided.

Garrison’ Democracy In Nigeria: The 2007 General Elections And The Prospects Of Democratic Consolidation, Shola J. Omotola

Shola J. Omotola Mr

This paper undertakes a critical analysis of the 2007 Nigeria’s general elections, with emphasis on the ‘garrison’ process and its implications for the consolidation of democracy. It is argued that garrisoned electoral processes represent a powerful source of democratic instability that can threaten the consolidation of democracy. The paper illustrates these processes and concludes that much will, however, depend on how ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ manage their successes and failures, respectively. The greatest threats to the consolidation of democracy in the aftermath of the garrisoned elections relate to the handling of post-election issues, especially election petitions, tribunals and court processes, by …

Violence And Deprivation: Arendt And The Pervasiveness Of Superfluous Life, Emma Norman

Emma R. Norman

This paper emerges from, and engages with, the current proliferation of discussions concerning Arendt’s views on sovereignty, humanity, and superfluousness. Tracing some of the different strands of her notion of human superfluousness, I look at how the exclusion and deprivation inherent in the idea of superfluousness is reflected in, and illuminated by, contemporary questions surrounding stateless persons, and several key experiences of terrorism. I argue that the strong and radical connections this notion has with Arendt´s concept of violence deserve more emphasis than it has hitherto received. For the link between superfluousness and the biopolitical ‘administration of bare lives’ undertaken …

Foreign Aid, Debt Relief And Africa’S Development: Problems And Prospects, Shola J. Omotola, Hassan A. Saliu

Shola J. Omotola Mr

In recent years, the Paris club granted a number of African countries, including Nigeria, debt relief. This elicited widespread celebration in the capital cities of affected countries, where it was portrayed as averitable launch-pad to Africa’s development. This paper takes a critical look at the debt relief, with emphasis on its problems and prospects for Africa’s development. It is argued that while debt relief does offer some prospects for development, there is little or no evidence to suggest that such an outcome is automatic. The conditions that precipitated the debt crisis in the first instance, including an inequitable international economic …

Heribert Adam And Kogila Moodley, Seeking Mandela: Peacemaking Between Israelis And Palestinians (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2005), Mehmet Ozkan

Mehmet OZKAN

No abstract provided.

Exit Polls: Refugee Assessments Of North Korea's Transition, Marcus Noland, Stephan Haggard, Yoonok Chang

Marcus Noland

Results from a survey of more than 1300 North Korean refugees in China provide insight into changing economic conditions in North Korea. There is modest evidence of slightly more positive assessments among those who exited the country following the initiation of reforms in 2002. Education breeds skepticism; higher levels of education were associated with more negative perceptions of economic conditions and reform efforts. Other demographic markers such as gender or provincial origin are not robustly correlated with attitudes. Instead, personal experiences appear to be central: a significant number of the respondents were unaware of the humanitarian aid program and the …

The Politics Of Cultural And Ethnic Pluralism, Zheng Wang

Zheng Wang

No abstract provided.

Archetypal Energies, The Emergence Of Obama As A Practical Idealist, And Global Transformation, Carroy U. Ferguson

Carroy U "Cuf" Ferguson, Ph.D.

During this time of change, AHP and kindred spirits on the edge have important roles to play. We are the keepers and nurturers of a transformative and evolutionary Vision for Consciousness and a more humane world. At issue is what I will call the “psychic politics” for global transformation, nurtured by practical idealism and the Archetypal Energies. In other writings, I have described Archetypal Energies as Higher Vibrational Energies, operating deep within our individual and collective psyches, which have their own transcendent value, purpose, quality, and “voice”, unique to the individual. We experience them as “creative urges” to move us …

What Bush Did Right - On China, Zheng Wang

Zheng Wang

No abstract provided.

Mandalas Of Security, Rosita Dellios

Rosita Dellios

In employing the constructional metaphor of 'architectures' for the constructive purpose of security enhancement in the eastern Asian region, it is but a small step to 'indigenise' the process by slipping into the mentality of mandala-building. In doing so, it is to be hoped that Asian security 'architectures' will prove more acceptable and accessible to participants - and thus efficacious in their purpose. The mandala adds nothing new to the experience of Asian communities but redirects effort towards existing cultural orientations. In effect, it is a conceptual device for refining Western technostructures in ways more meaningful to the needs and …

"How May The World Be At Peace?": Idealism As Realism In Chinese Strategic Culture, Rosita Dellios

Rosita Dellios

There is a famous orientalism which declares: "Let the Chinese dragon sleep for when she awakes she will astonish the world." In this decade of China's self-strengthening, Western Realists seem to be seeing dragons again. Not so their geoeconomic counterparts. They see only markets. Neither the threat nor opportunity analysts, however, quite see China in the "round"; a mandala of security in which certain principles have long held sway over matters of survival and, indeed, benefit. An appreciation of China's cultural-philosophical tradition provides a corrective to these blinkered visions. More than that, it suggests a way forward in a world …