Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- International and Area Studies (10)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (10)
- Law (6)
- Economics (5)
- International Law (5)
-
- Other International and Area Studies (5)
- Defense and Security Studies (4)
- Arts and Humanities (3)
- Peace and Conflict Studies (3)
- Public Policy (3)
- American Politics (2)
- Communication (2)
- Comparative Politics (2)
- History (2)
- Human Rights Law (2)
- International Humanitarian Law (2)
- International and Intercultural Communication (2)
- Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility (2)
- Legal Studies (2)
- Legal Theory (2)
- Military, War, and Peace (2)
- National Security Law (2)
- Policy History, Theory, and Methods (2)
- Political Economy (2)
- Political History (2)
- Social Influence and Political Communication (2)
- Sociology (2)
- Keyword
-
- International relations (4)
- International law (3)
- France (2)
- Germany (2)
- Iran (2)
-
- Iraq (2)
- Middle East (2)
- National Security (2)
- Nuclear (2)
- Palermo Protocol (2)
- Russia (2)
- Security (2)
- "bottom-up" approaches (1)
- "push" and "pull" factors (1)
- Afghanistan (1)
- Allied Powers (1)
- Allies (1)
- Arab (1)
- Arsenal (1)
- Balfour (1)
- Biosecurity (1)
- Bioterrorism (1)
- CIA (1)
- Caste system (1)
- China (1)
- Civil war (1)
- Cold War (1)
- Colombia (1)
- Counter-terrorism (1)
- Crimea (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication
Articles 1 - 26 of 26
Full-Text Articles in International Relations
The Development Of International Law In Relation To Crimes Against Humanity, Nikki Redelijk
The Development Of International Law In Relation To Crimes Against Humanity, Nikki Redelijk
Global Tides
This paper will look at the development of international law in relation to crimes against humanity. First, juridically applied at the Nuremberg Trials, crimes against humanity has historically offered a compelling juxtaposition between naturalist and positivist law. Hence, this paper attempts to shed light on these juxtapositions, as seen by the respective arguments taken up by the Allies and Germany at Nuremberg. Likewise, this paper will illustrate the complexities within the definition itself. Finally, this paper will clarify the differing definitions taken up at the various tribunals following Nuremberg, leading up to the Rome Statute. It is a hope, that …
A Fake Future: The Threat Of Foreign Disinformation On The U.S. And Its Allies, Brandon M. Rubsamen
A Fake Future: The Threat Of Foreign Disinformation On The U.S. And Its Allies, Brandon M. Rubsamen
Global Tides
This paper attempts to explain the threat that foreign disinformation poses for the United States Intelligence Community and its allies. The paper examines Russian disinformation from both a historical and contemporary context and how its effect on Western democracies may only be exacerbated in light of Chinese involvement and evolving technologies. Fortunately, the paper also studies practices and strategies that the United States Intelligence Community and its allied foreign counterparts may use to respond. It is hoped that this study will help shed further light on Russian and Chinese disinformation campaigns and explain how the Intelligence Community can efficiently react.
Terrorism And Counter-Terrorism In Latin America: A Comparative Study Of Peru And Colombia, Reagan Shane
Terrorism And Counter-Terrorism In Latin America: A Comparative Study Of Peru And Colombia, Reagan Shane
Global Tides
This paper investigates the counter-terrorism strategies employed against the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) in Colombia and the Shining Path (SL) in Peru and analyzes the effectiveness of those strategies. It begins by exploring the foundation of each organization and its respective goals, organization and tactics. Using this information, it then explores the counter-terrorism strategies employed by the government of each country in which the organizations were operating to determine the effectiveness of those strategies and how the structure of the terrorist organization might change that effectiveness. The paper concludes that military strategies have only been somewhat effective in …
On The Efficacy Of Sanctions: Why Regimes And Motives Matter, Colette Faulkner
On The Efficacy Of Sanctions: Why Regimes And Motives Matter, Colette Faulkner
Global Tides
This paper seeks to explain not only the reasons and motivations behind why countries choose to use sanctions as a tool of foreign policy but also interrogates the efficacy of sanctions. Sanctions are a mechanism that countries generally use against another country in order to get a response. Sanctions can be used as either tools of economic coercion or as symbols of disapproval. With regards to the efficacy of sanctions extracting political concessions, sanctions are generally succeeding with more democratic regimes and fail with more autocratic regimes. As a symbolic tool sanctions often succeed at increasing the reputation of the …
The Legality And Illegality Of Russian Hegemony In Ukraine, Benedikt Munzar
The Legality And Illegality Of Russian Hegemony In Ukraine, Benedikt Munzar
Global Tides
The recent Russian annexation of Ukraine and the Russian support of rebels in southeastern Ukraine has been met with fierce international condemnation. In light of its violation of multiple international laws and agreements, Russia has argued that it’s acting merely to support the interests of Russian minorities abroad. Given Russia’s intimate history with Ukraine and recent questionable actions from Ukraine towards its Russian minority, the facts leading up to this standoff may provide some justification for Russia’s stance as well as criticism towards Ukrainian policies and Western interference in the Ukrainian referendum. Despite this discrepancy, Russia is still liable for …
Differences In Media Framing Of Otto Warmbier, Kayla Elwy
Differences In Media Framing Of Otto Warmbier, Kayla Elwy
Global Tides
This article examines media framing of American college student Otto Warmbier's imprisonment by North Korea and his eventual death. This research seeks to determine whether or not the use of certain frames was more prevalent in traditionally liberal (CNN) or traditionally conservative (FOX News) news outlets. Through a content analysis, in which 50 different news articles were examined, it was found that coverage of Warmbier's death did not differ greatly between CNN and FOX News.
Putting Humpty Dumpty Back Together Again: Lessons Learned From State-Building In Iraq, Andrew F. Clark
Putting Humpty Dumpty Back Together Again: Lessons Learned From State-Building In Iraq, Andrew F. Clark
Pepperdine Policy Review
I was ten years old when the United States invaded Iraq to overthrow a tyrant, eradicate a terrorist organization, and destroy an arsenal of weapons of mass destruction. Thirteen years later there are still United States soldiers fighting in Iraq. The name of the war has changed over the last thirteen years, but the reality is that I have lived more years of my life with U.S. soldiers in Iraq than years without. The failed effort to rebuild Iraq after the 2003 invasion illustrates a larger incoherence of the United States foreign policy after conflict. There are valuable lessons to …
Reflecting Back On The Ebola Outbreak And The Future Of Bioterrorism, Christian Pedersen
Reflecting Back On The Ebola Outbreak And The Future Of Bioterrorism, Christian Pedersen
Pepperdine Policy Review
In the wake of the 2014 Ebola outbreak, policy makers have focused on the public health components which led to the outbreak, the efforts to control it, and mitigate the impact of the outbreak. Some of the most enlightening aspects of the outbreak, pertain to National Security. The crisis demonstrated some crucial challenges the United States would have to plan for to effectively respond to a bioterrorist attack.
The Wwi Middle East: Western Intervention And Modern-Day Political Conflict, Pauline Park
The Wwi Middle East: Western Intervention And Modern-Day Political Conflict, Pauline Park
Global Tides
This paper analyzes three conflicting agreements made by the Allied powers between 1915 and 1917: the Husayn-McMahon correspondence, the Sykes-Picot arrangements, and the Balfour Declaration. It reveals the agreements as demonstrative of deeper patterns of political power and strategy in the Middle East that persist today. This paper moreover compares the Middle East with the European colonization of Rwanda in the 1880s, and how the nation's internal division was caused by external global powers seeking political and economic gain. This analysis seeks to connect global events as part of a wider political agenda propagated by Western powers.
Trafficking Smuggled Migrants: An Issue Of Vulnerability, Rachel A. Hews
Trafficking Smuggled Migrants: An Issue Of Vulnerability, Rachel A. Hews
Global Tides
This paper analyzes why the UN’s efforts against the sex trafficking of smuggled migrants, specifically regarding the Palermo and Smuggling Protocols, have been inadequate in preventing migrant smuggling. It concludes that the crime-based focus on prosecution overshadows prevention of the crime and protection of the victims, and that a human rights approach addressing the vulnerability of smuggled migrants would be more effective in reducing migrant smuggling long-term. Proposed solutions include decreasing both the “push” and “pull” factors of migration by ratifying existing legislation regarding basic human rights, implementing national policies that increase migrant rights in destination countries, and shifting further …
Women In Higher Education In Iran: How The Islamic Revolution Contributed To An Increase In Female Enrollment, Meredith Katherine Winn
Women In Higher Education In Iran: How The Islamic Revolution Contributed To An Increase In Female Enrollment, Meredith Katherine Winn
Global Tides
In the three decades following the Islamic Revolution in Iran, rates of female enrollment in higher education increased despite a return to traditional and conservative gender roles. This paper will provide an in-depth analysis of the role the Islamic Revolution played in the changing roles of women in society, particularly as it pertains to education. It will argue a complex interplay of religious, cultural, and political factors emerged as a result of the Islamic Revolution that facilitated an environment where more young women could attend university. Finally, this paper will conclude that the rise in women’s participation in education has …
The Palermo Protocol: Why It Has Been Ineffective In Reducing Human Sex Trafficking, Christina A. Seideman
The Palermo Protocol: Why It Has Been Ineffective In Reducing Human Sex Trafficking, Christina A. Seideman
Global Tides
This paper analyzes why the UN’s efforts against human trafficking, specifically regarding the Palermo Protocol, have been ineffective in preventing the spread of, and reducing, the human sex trafficking network. It concludes that the broad wording of the Palermo Protocol and the UN’s lack of ability to enforce its legislation, along with statistical irregularities due to self-reporting problems, have made the Palermo Protocol ineffective, and that destination countries (countries that victims are trafficked to) have a large share of the burden to create effective legislation against trafficking. Proposed solutions include holding Palermo Protocol signatory countries accountable to change their legislation, …
A Close Look At The Relationship Between Poverty And Political Violence In Nepal, Lauren C. Griffin
A Close Look At The Relationship Between Poverty And Political Violence In Nepal, Lauren C. Griffin
Global Tides
Today, one quarter of Nepal’s population of 27 million lives on a daily income of less than two dollars (Sharma 8). Villages are deprived of an ample water supply, and some areas still lie in ruins from the aftermath of the Maoist insurgency. This paper will seek to understand the role of poverty in the historically and presently unfolding political environment of Nepal. Several factors show direct correlation between poverty and insurgent activity, such as land ownership, level of education and socio-economic standing. Nepal has had a volatile and bloody past in the midst of medieval dynasties, an authoritative monarchy …
The Responsibility To Protect: Emerging Norm Or Failed Doctrine?, Camila Pupparo
The Responsibility To Protect: Emerging Norm Or Failed Doctrine?, Camila Pupparo
Global Tides
This paper seeks to investigate the current shift from the non-intervention norm towards the “Responsibility to Protect,” commonly abbreviated as “RtoP,” which actually mandates intervention in cases of humanitarian intervention disasters. I will look at the May 2011 application of the R2P doctrine to the humanitarian crisis in Libya and assess whether it was a success or a failure. Many critics of the “Responsibility to Protect” norm consider it to be yet another imperial tool used by the West to pursue national interests, so this paper analyzes this argument in detail, referring to case study examples, particularly in the Middle …
The U.S. And Mexican Cooperation: The Merida Initiative And Beyond, Yasemin Tekin
The U.S. And Mexican Cooperation: The Merida Initiative And Beyond, Yasemin Tekin
Pepperdine Policy Review
No abstract provided.
Unanswered Questions: Modernizing The Us Nuclear Arsenal And Forces?, Todd C. Royal
Unanswered Questions: Modernizing The Us Nuclear Arsenal And Forces?, Todd C. Royal
Pepperdine Policy Review
The United State strategic nuclear triad, consisting of land-based heavy bombers, intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) has been the ultimate provider of security for the US and its allies since the end of World War II. But with decades of neglect it is time for the US government to decide what it wants too do with the triad where recent problems have put the nuclear arsenal in a national light. These new revelations and challenges the US faces for its nuclear forces will be analyzed.
Agricultural Patenting: A Case Study Of Monsanto, Shannon Moran
Agricultural Patenting: A Case Study Of Monsanto, Shannon Moran
Pepperdine Policy Review
In 2012, genetically-modified crops reached 170 million hectares around the globe. The ability to patent basic forms of life such as plant properties and the legal history of those intellectual property rights gives biotechnological companies such as Monsanto immense power in the vital agricultural sector. This article outlines the concerns over genetically-modified products and the implications for follow-on advancements within biotechnology by using Monsanto as a case study. The article finds that patent policies similar to those within the United States severely restrict competition and stifle innovation in not only the agricultural sector but also within research and humanitarian projects. …
Democratic Peace Theory As Applied To Europe And The Middle East, Patrick G. Rear
Democratic Peace Theory As Applied To Europe And The Middle East, Patrick G. Rear
Global Tides
Peace has been the goal of many leaders throughout history, and recent democratic movements in the Middle East have made the first steps toward a democratic peace in the region. This paper compares the European experience of Germany and France in the transition to democracy with the recent developments in the Middle East through November 2012. The impact of democratic revolution in Egypt is compared with the government established in Iraq following the U.S. invasion. Already, notable changes can be seen in the bilateral relations between Egypt and Israel, and between Iraq and Iran, which this paper attempts to evaluate …
A Legal Interpretation Of North Korea’S Nuclear Program, Justin Farber
A Legal Interpretation Of North Korea’S Nuclear Program, Justin Farber
Global Tides
This paper analyzes the North Korean nuclear situation in a legal framework while assessing potential policy options for the international community. The recent change in North Korean leadership leaves spectators in question as to the new dictator’s agenda and goals. Reviewing the history of the state’s nuclear program in regard to international treaty law is fruitful in gauging how, if at all, law limits the state’s behavior. The introduction briefly explores the history of the situation before advancing into the paper’s four sub-sections. The first sub-section assesses the requirements set out by the IAEA Statute and the NPT and North …
Egypt Wrestles With Democracy: Expectations Versus Realities, Melody Harvey
Egypt Wrestles With Democracy: Expectations Versus Realities, Melody Harvey
Pepperdine Policy Review
No abstract provided.
Providing Aid To Fragile Or Failed States: A Short Argument For Moderation, Anthony H. Miller
Providing Aid To Fragile Or Failed States: A Short Argument For Moderation, Anthony H. Miller
Pepperdine Policy Review
No abstract provided.
United States' Strategy In Afghanistan From 2001 To Today, Haley Stauss
United States' Strategy In Afghanistan From 2001 To Today, Haley Stauss
Pepperdine Policy Review
No abstract provided.
Identifying The Postmodern/Cold War Interlock— Soliciting A Security Studies Pedagogy Au Courant, Michael R. Mcrill
Identifying The Postmodern/Cold War Interlock— Soliciting A Security Studies Pedagogy Au Courant, Michael R. Mcrill
Global Tides
One scholarly faction contends that the arenas of security studies and international politics have remained essentially the same post-World War II. The other sees the 1960s as illuminating a fundamental paradigm shift concerning security studies. The latter group asserts that the majority of security concerns has either been dropped or sharply shifted post-Cold War. Since then, studies have expanded to encompass a scholarly plea for broader definitions of national security. The advent and increase of nonmilitary threats has led many to argue that these threats must be considered within the arena of national security concerns, and other scholars assert that …
Bytes And Bombs: Information Warfare And Accidental Nuclear War, Nicholas Stewart
Bytes And Bombs: Information Warfare And Accidental Nuclear War, Nicholas Stewart
Global Tides
While both information warfare and accidental nuclear war have been discussed in detail in academia, their intersection has long been ignored. Information warfare can be used to create animosity between states and could even spark war during times of crisis. Furthermore, not all states benefit from the technology advances of the first world: nations like Russia and Pakistan have disturbing gaps in their nuclear command and control that could be easily exploited by other states, internal factions or even terrorist organizations. Comparing the information vulnerabilities of the United States, Russia and Pakistan, one can only conclude that immediate action is …
International Security Problems And Solutions By Patrick M. Morgan (Washington, D.C.: Cq Press, 2006), Jacqueline Sittel
International Security Problems And Solutions By Patrick M. Morgan (Washington, D.C.: Cq Press, 2006), Jacqueline Sittel
Global Tides
Book review of International Security Problems and Solutions by Patrick M. Morgan (2006).
Security And International Relations By Edward A. Kolodziej (Cambridge, Uk: Cambridge University Press, 2005), Tyler Haupert
Security And International Relations By Edward A. Kolodziej (Cambridge, Uk: Cambridge University Press, 2005), Tyler Haupert
Global Tides
A book review of Security and International Relations by Edward A. Kolodziej (2005).