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Full-Text Articles in International Relations

Timbuktu: A Lesson In Underdevelopment, Riccardo Pelizzo Jan 2001

Timbuktu: A Lesson In Underdevelopment, Riccardo Pelizzo

riccardo pelizzo

Th e purpose of the present paper is to investigate Timbuktu’s economic decline in the three centuries elapsed between 1526, when Leo Africanus reached the Mysterious City, and 1830, when the fi rst European explorers arrived in Timbuktu. It is argued that Timbuktu’s decline was neither an accident nor the result of inevitable natural conditions. Timbuktu’s decay was the product of historical and social forces. Specifi cally, it is argued that Timbuktu lost power and prestige because its market decayed. However, it is also suggested that no single factor can account individually for this event. Th e crisis of Timbuktu’s …


《次国家政府与对外事务》Subnational Governments And Foreign Affairs, Zhimin Chen Jan 2001

《次国家政府与对外事务》Subnational Governments And Foreign Affairs, Zhimin Chen

Zhimin Chen

No abstract provided.


Broadening & Deepening: Systemic Expansion, Incorporation & The Zone Of Ignorance, Jon D. Carlson Dec 2000

Broadening & Deepening: Systemic Expansion, Incorporation & The Zone Of Ignorance, Jon D. Carlson

Jon D. Carlson

No abstract provided.